scholarly journals Assessment of Household and Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure Link to Urinary Metals Content in Pregnant Women

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Isabella Karakis ◽  
Nofar Shemesh ◽  
Ofir Tirosh ◽  
Daniella Landau ◽  
Roni Gat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Nickel Aluminum ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Pollution Exposure

We aimed to estimate the association of urinary metal content with the exposure to hazardous household factors and ambient air pollution in pregnant women. We analyzed urine samples of 143 women enrolled at delivery and assessed household exposure by questionnaire. Air pollution estimates were based on monitoring stations and satellite-based models. Complaints about noise, rubbish, and sewage in the neighborhood were associated with higher uranium concentrations (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.42, 1.46, and 1.18, respectively). Complaints about noise were more frequent in women with higher cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, cadmium, and vanadium urine concentrations (PRs = 2.42–9.43), and complaints about smell in women with higher cobalt and strontium (PRs = 2.55–6.27). Exposure to nitrogen oxides was associated with higher concentrations of nickel, aluminum, lead, and chromium in urine (PRs = 1.80–5.85). Women exposed to elevated levels of particulate matter were more likely to have higher concentrations of cobalt, nickel, thallium, lead, iron, strontium, barium, silver, and chromium (PRs = 1.97–13.64). Exposure to high levels of sulfur dioxide was positively associated with cobalt and nickel (PR = 1.98 and 1.88, respectively). The current analysis suggests the possibility of a related simultaneous exposure to multiple pollutants. Further studies are warranted to corroborate the findings and reveal the multiple exposure effect on human health.

scholarly journals Differential Effect of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie J. Nobles ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Marion Ouidir ◽  
Seth Sherman ◽  
Pauline Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

scholarly journals Maternal Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Franklin ◽  
Mark Tan ◽  
Naomi Hemy ◽  
Graham L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Birth Records

There is a growing body of research on the association between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. However, people in high income countries spend most of their time indoors. Pregnant women spend much of that time at home. The aim of this study was to investigate if indoor air pollutants were associated with poor birth outcomes. Pregnant women were recruited prior to 18 weeks gestation. They completed a housing questionnaire and household chemical use survey. Indoor pollutants, formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were monitored in the women’s homes at 34 weeks gestation. Gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and length (BL) and head circumference (HC) were collected from birth records. The associations between measured pollutants, and pollution surrogates, were analysed using general linear models, controlling for maternal age, parity, maternal health, and season of birth. Only HCHO was associated with any of the birth outcomes. There was a 0.044 decrease in BW z-score (p = 0.033) and 0.05 decrease in HC z-score (p = 0.06) for each unit increase in HCHO. Although HCHO concentrations were very low, this finding is consistent with other studies of formaldehyde and poor birth outcomes.

scholarly journals Air pollution interventions and respiratory health: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saleh ◽  
W. Shepherd ◽  
C. Jewell ◽  
N. L. Lam ◽  
J. Balmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

BACKGROUND: Indoor and ambient air pollution exposure is a major risk to respiratory health worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Interventional trials have mainly focused on alternatives to cooking stoves, with mixed results. Beyond cooking, additional sources of particulate matter also contribute to the burden of air pollution exposure. This review explores evidence from current randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the clinical effectiveness of interventions to reduce particulate matter in LMICs.METHODS: Twelve databases and the grey literature (e.g., Government reports and policy papers) were searched. Eligible studies were RCTs conducted in LMICs aiming to reduce particulate exposure from any source and reporting on at least one clinical respiratory outcome (respiratory symptoms, lung function or clinical diagnoses). Data from relevant studies were systematically extracted, the risk of bias assessed and narrative synthesis provided.RESULTS: Of the 14 included studies, 12 tested ‘improved' cookstoves, most using biomass, but solar and bioethanol cookers were also included. One trial used solar lamps and another was an integrated intervention incorporating behavioural and environmental components for the treatment and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Of the six studies reporting child pneumonia outcomes, none demonstrated significant benefit in intention-to-treat analysis. Ten studies reported respiratory symptom outcomes with some improvements seen, but self-reporting made these outcomes highly vulnerable to bias. Substantial inter-study clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded calculation of pooled effect estimates.CONCLUSION: Evidence from the RCTs performed to date suggests that individual household-level interventions for air pollution exposure reduction have limited benefits for respiratory health. More comprehensive approaches to air pollution exposure reduction must be developed so their potential health benefits can be assessed.

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