scholarly journals Theoretical Impact of Manufacturing Tolerance on Lithium-Ion Electrode and Cell Physical Properties

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
William Yourey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Electrode Coating ◽  
Manufacturing Tolerance ◽  
Performance Variation ◽  
Higher Power

The range of electrode porosity, electrode internal void volume, cell capacity, and capacity ratio that result from electrode coating and calendering tolerance can play a considerable role in cell-to-cell and lot-to-lot performance variation. Based on a coating loading tolerance of ±0.4 mg/cm2 and calender tolerance of ±3.0 μm, the resulting theoretical range of physical properties was investigated. For a target positive electrode porosity of 30%, the resulting porosity can range from 19.6% to 38.6%. To account for this variation during the manufacturing process, as much as 41% excess or as little as 59% of the target electrolyte quantity should be added to cells to match the positive electrode void volume. Similar results are reported for a negative electrode of 40% target porosity, where a range from 30.8% to 48.0% porosity is possible. For the negative electrode as little as 72% up to 28% excess electrolyte should be added to fill the internal void space. Although the results are specific to each electrode composition, density, chemistry, and loading the presented process highlight the possible variability of the produced parts. These results are further magnified as cell design moves toward higher power applications with thinner electrode coatings.

scholarly journals Nano-channel-based physical and chemical synergic regulation for dendrite-free lithium plating

Nano Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Guo ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Shengjie Xia ◽  
Zibo Zhang ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Interaction Distance

AbstractUncontrollable dendrite growth resulting from the non-uniform lithium ion (Li+) flux and volume expansion in lithium metal (Li) negative electrode leads to rapid performance degradation and serious safety problems of lithium metal batteries. Although N-containing functional groups in carbon materials are reported to be effective to homogenize the Li+ flux, the effective interaction distance between lithium ions and N-containing groups should be relatively small (down to nanometer scale) according to the Debye length law. Thus, it is necessary to carefully design the microstructure of N-containing carbon materials to make the most of their roles in regulating the Li+ flux. In this work, porous carbon nitride microspheres (PCNMs) with abundant nanopores have been synthesized and utilized to fabricate a uniform lithiophilic coating layer having hybrid pores of both the nano- and micrometer scales on the Cu/Li foil. Physically, the three-dimensional (3D) porous framework is favorable for absorbing volume changes and guiding Li growth. Chemically, this coating layer can render a suitable interaction distance to effectively homogenize the Li+ flux and contribute to establishing a robust and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with Li-F, Li-N, and Li-O-rich contents based on the Debye length law. Such a physical-chemical synergic regulation strategy using PCNMs can lead to dendrite-free Li plating, resulting in a low nucleation overpotential and stable Li plating/stripping cycling performance in both the Li‖Cu and the Li‖Li symmetric cells. Meanwhile, a full cell using the PCNM coated Li foil negative electrode and a LiFePO4 positive electrode has delivered a high capacity retention of ∼ 80% after more than 200 cycles at 1 C and achieved a remarkable rate capability. The pouch cell fabricated by pairing the PCNM coated Li foil negative electrode with a NCM 811 positive electrode has retained ∼ 73% of the initial capacity after 150 cycles at 0.2 C.

Recent progress in rechargeable lithium batteries with organic materials as promising electrodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (19) ◽  
pp. 7091-7106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xie ◽  
Qichun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Organic Electrode ◽  
Negative Electrode Materials

Different organic electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries are divided into three types: positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials, and bi-functional electrode materials, and are further discussed.

Rechargeable Li//Br battery: a promising platform for post lithium ion batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (45) ◽  
pp. 19444-19450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Chang ◽  
Xujiong Wang ◽  
Yaqiong Yang ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Minxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Redox Pair

Li//Br battery, by using aqueous bromide/tribromide redox pair as positive electrode and a coated lithium metal as negative electrode, exhibits high energy density and good cycling.

A Simple Way of Pre-Doping Lithium Ion into Carbon Negative Electrode for Lithium Ion Capacitor

2010 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wu ◽  
Hua Quan Lu ◽  
Yue Feng Su ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Yi Biao Guan
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor ◽  
First Time

A simple strategy of pre-doping lithium ion into carbon negative electrode for lithium ion capacitor was introduced. In this strategy, a kind of Li-containing compound was added directly into the positive electrode of the lithium ion capacitor (LIC). When the lithium ion capacitor was charging first time, the Li-containing compound releases Li+, and the pre-doping of lithium ion into the negative electrode was performed. Here, we developed a lithium ion capacitor using Meso-carbon microbeads (MCMB)/activated carbon (AC) as the negative and positive electrode materials, respectively and use the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as the Li-containing compound, which supply the Li+ ions for pre-doping. The results demonstrated that, by adding 20 percent of LiFePO4 into the positive electrode, the efficiency of the capacitor increases from lower than 60% up to higher than 90%, and the capacitor shows good capacitance characteristics and high capacity.

scholarly journals Development of a Capacitance versus Voltage Model for Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nagham El Ghossein ◽  
Ali Sari ◽  
Pascal Venet
Keyword(s):  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Differential Capacitance ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Terminal Voltage ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer ◽  
Aging Mechanisms

The capacitance of Lithium-ion Capacitors (LiCs) highly depends on their terminal voltage. Previous research found that it varies in a nonlinear manner with respect to the voltage. However, none of them modeled the capacitance evolution while considering the physicochemical phenomena that happen in a LiC cell. This paper focuses on developing a new capacitance model that is based on the Stern model of the electrochemical double layer capacitance. The model accounts for the asymmetric V-shape of the C(V) curve, which reflects the variation of the capacitance with respect to the voltage. The novelty of this study concerns the development of a model for LiCs that relies on the fundamental theory of Stern for the differential capacitance. The basic model of Stern is modified in order to account for the hybrid physicochemical structure of LiCs. Moreover, the model was applied to three aged cells to which accelerated calendar aging tests were applied at three voltage values: 2.2, 3 and 3.8 V. A drift of the voltage corresponding to the minimum capacitance was detected for the aged cells. This voltage is related to the neutral state of the positive electrode. The main cause of this phenomenon concerns the loss of lithium ions from the negative electrode of a LiC. In addition, capacitance values decreased after aging, showing an eventual blocking of the pores of the positive electrode. Therefore, the analysis of the C(V) curve was found to be an interesting tool for the interpretation of aging mechanisms.

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