Doppler Radar-Based Non-Contact Health Monitoring for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review

Today’s rapid growth of elderly populations and aging problems coupled with the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other health related issues have affected many aspects of society. This has led to high demands for a more robust healthcare monitoring, diagnosing and treatments facilities. In particular to Sleep Medicine, sleep has a key role to play in both physical and mental health. The quality and duration of sleep have a direct and significant impact on people’s learning, memory, metabolism, weight, safety, mood, cardio-vascular health, diseases, and immune system function. The gold-standard for OSA diagnosis is the overnight sleep monitoring system using polysomnography (PSG). However, despite the quality and reliability of the PSG system, it is not well suited for long-term continuous usage due to limited mobility as well as causing possible irritation, distress, and discomfort to patients during the monitoring process. These limitations have led to stronger demands for non-contact sleep monitoring systems. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of non-contact Doppler radar sleep monitoring technology and provide an outline of current challenges and make recommendations on future research directions to practically realize and commercialize the technology for everyday usage.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Events Classification by Effective Radar Cross Section (ERCS) Method Using Microwave Doppler Radar and Machine Learning Classifier

2020 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC) ◽

10.1109/imbioc47321.2020.9385028 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farjana Snigdha ◽

Shekh M M Islam ◽

Olga Boric-Lubecke ◽

Victor Lubecke

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Cross Section ◽

Doppler Radar ◽

Radar Cross Section ◽

Learning Classifier ◽

Obstructive Sleep

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Shar Pei Larynx: Supraglottic and Postcricoid Mucosal Redundancy and Its Association With Medical Comorbidities

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/0003489418810893 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yin Yiu ◽

Kathleen M. Tibbetts ◽

C. Blake Simpson ◽

Laura A. Matrka

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Future Research ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Reflux Symptom Index ◽

Symptom Index ◽

Obstructive Sleep

Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe a clinical entity the authors term “Shar Pei larynx,” characterized by redundant supraglottic and postcricoid mucosa that the authors hypothesize coexists in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and obesity. By exploring this hypothesis, the authors hope to set the foundation for future research with the goal of identifying whether Shar Pei larynx is a marker for untreated sleep apnea or other diseases. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Two tertiary care academic institutions. Methods: Data were collected from a 5-year period by querying for patients described to have “Shar Pei larynx” or “posterior supraglottic and/or postcricoid mucosal redundancy” on laryngoscopic findings. Relevant demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed, with a focus on associations with obesity, sleep apnea, and laryngopharyngeal reflux. Results: Thirty-two patients were identified with physical findings consistent with Shar Pei larynx. Twenty-six patients (81.3%) were obese; 16 (50%) were morbidly obese. Twenty-two patients (68.8%) either had an existing diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea or were diagnosed on polysomnography performed after initial evaluation. Sixteen patients (50%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 87.5% of these patients were obese. Twenty-eight patients (87.5%) noted histories of reflux, with a median reflux symptom index of 27 of 45. Five patients underwent procedures to reduce mucosal redundancy related to Shar Pei larynx. Conclusions: This pilot study confirms that the majority of patients diagnosed with Shar Pei larynx also had diagnoses of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and reflux disease. The demonstrated association is strong enough to warrant further study.

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Interrelationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Severe Asthma: From Endo-Phenotype to Clinical Aspects

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.640636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Beatrice Ragnoli ◽

Patrizia Pochetti ◽

Alberto Raie ◽

Mario Malerba

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Severe Asthma ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Future Research ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽

Obstructive Sleep

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SBDs) are characterized by abnormal respiration during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common SBD increasingly recognized by physicians, is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete closure of the upper airway resulting in disturbed breathing during sleep. OSA syndrome (OSAS) is associated with decreased patients' quality of life (QoL) and the presence of significant comorbidities, such as daytime sleepiness. Similarly to what seen for OSAS, the prevalence of asthma has been steadily rising in recent years. Interestingly, severe asthma (SA) patients are also affected by poor sleep quality—often attributed to nocturnal worsening of their asthma—and increased daytime sleepiness and snoring compared to the general population. The fact that such symptoms are also found in OSAS, and that these two conditions share common risk factors, such as obesity, rhinitis, and gastroesophageal reflux, has led many to postulate an association between these two conditions. Specifically, it has been proposed a bidirectional correlation between SA and OSAS, with a mutual negative effect in term of disease severity. According to this model, OSAS not only acts as an independent risk factor of asthma exacerbations, but its co-existence can also worsen asthma symptoms, and the same is true for asthma with respect to OSAS. In this comprehensive review, we summarize past and present studies on the interrelationship between OSAS and SA, from endo-phenotype to clinical aspects, highlighting possible implications for clinical practice and future research directions.

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