scholarly journals Infusing Autopoietic and Cognitive Behaviors into Digital Automata to Improve Their Sentience, Resilience, and Intelligence

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Symbolic Computing ◽  
New Science ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Classical Computer

All living beings use autopoiesis and cognition to manage their “life” processes from birth through death. Autopoiesis enables them to use the specification in their genomes to instantiate themselves using matter and energy transformations. They reproduce, replicate, and manage their stability. Cognition allows them to process information into knowledge and use it to manage its interactions between various constituent parts within the system and its interaction with the environment. Currently, various attempts are underway to make modern computers mimic the resilience and intelligence of living beings using symbolic and sub-symbolic computing. We discuss here the limitations of classical computer science for implementing autopoietic and cognitive behaviors in digital machines. We propose a new architecture applying the general theory of information (GTI) and pave the path to make digital automata mimic living organisms by exhibiting autopoiesis and cognitive behaviors. The new science, based on GTI, asserts that information is a fundamental constituent of the physical world and that living beings convert information into knowledge using physical structures that use matter and energy. Our proposal uses the tools derived from GTI to provide a common knowledge representation from existing symbolic and sub-symbolic computing structures to implement autopoiesis and cognitive behaviors.

scholarly journals Infusing Autopoietic and Cognitive Behaviors into Digital Automata to Improve their Sentience, Resilience and Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Symbolic Computing ◽  
Symbolic Computations ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems ◽  
Classical Computer ◽  
Computing Machines ◽  
Infor Mation

The holy grail of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been to mimic human intelligence using computing machines. Autopoiesis which refers to a system with well-defined identity and is capable of re-producing and maintaining itself and cognition which is the ability to process information, apply knowledge, and change the circumstance are associated with resilience and intelligence. While classical computer science (CCS) with symbolic and sub-symbolic computing has given us tools to decipher the mysteries of physical, chemical and biological systems in nature and allowed us to model, analyze various observations and use information to optimize our interactions with each other and with our environment, it falls short in reproducing even the basic behaviors of living organisms. We present the foundational shortcomings of CCS and discuss the science of infor-mation processing structures (SIPS) that allows us to fill the gaps. SIPS allows us to model su-per-symbolic computations and infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. They use common knowledge representation from the information gained using both symbolic and sub-symbolic computations in the form of system-wide knowledge networks consisting of knowledge nodes and information sharing channels with other knowledge nodes. The knowledge nodes wired together fire together to exhibit autopoietic and cognitive behaviors.

Adversarial Medical and Scientific Testimony and Lay Jurors: A Proposal for Medical Malpractice Reform

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Jody Weisberg Menon
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Malpractice Reform ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Scientific Testimony

Pleas for reform of the legal system are common. One area of the legal system which has drawn considerable scholarly attention is the jury system. Courts often employ juries as fact-finders in civil cases according to the Seventh Amendment of the Constitution: “In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved … .” The general theory behind the use of juries is that they are the most capable fact-finders and the bestsuited tribunal for arriving at the most accurate and just outcomes. This idea, however, has been under attack, particularly by those who claim that cases involving certain difficult issues or types of evidence are an inappropriate province for lay jurors who typically have no special background or experience from which to make informed, fair decisions.The legal system uses expert witnesses to assist triers of fact in understanding issues which are beyond their common knowledge or difficult to comprehend.

Passages

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Alex Groce
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Computer Programming ◽  
Symbolic Computing

Brian Harvey's Computer Science Logo Style (Volume 1: Symbolic Computing, Volume 2: Advanced Techniques, Volume 3: Beyond Programming) begins with the words: "This book isn't for everyone." There follows a brief account of the fact that not everyone needs to program computers, based on an economic (Marxist-flavored) tirade (that I mostly agree with). The closing of the introductory paragraphs is the part that matters, though: "This book is for people who are interested in computer programming because it's fun."

scholarly journals Constructor theory of life

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (104) ◽  
pp. 20141226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Marletto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Darwinian Theory ◽  
Gene Replication ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Living Organisms

Neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory explains how the appearance of purposive design in the adaptations of living organisms can have come about without their intentionally being designed. The explanation relies crucially on the possibility of certain physical processes : mainly, gene replication and natural selection . In this paper, I show that for those processes to be possible without the design of biological adaptations being encoded in the laws of physics, those laws must have certain other properties. The theory of what these properties are is not part of evolution theory proper, yet without it the neo-Darwinian theory does not fully achieve its purpose of explaining the appearance of design. To this end, I apply constructor theory's new mode of explanation to express exactly within physics the appearance of design, no-design laws, and the logic of self-reproduction and natural selection. I conclude that self-reproduction, replication and natural selection are possible under no-design laws, the only non-trivial condition being that they allow digital information to be physically instantiated. This has an exact characterization in the constructor theory of information. I also show that under no-design laws an accurate replicator requires the existence of a ‘vehicle’ constituting, together with the replicator, a self-reproducer.

Arts and Branches of Science Significantly Contributing to Cyber and Cyber Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 977-994
Author(s):  
Margarita Levin Jaitner ◽  
Áine MacDermott
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Further Development

Academia plays an important role in shaping a country's cyber readiness. In the past years, nations have started investing in new cyber-related programs at colleges and universities. This also includes promoting academic exchange with partner countries, as well as putting effort into improved cooperation between industries and scholars in the area of cyber. In many cases the efforts focus largely on computer science and closely related branches of science. However, the very nature of the cyberspace as both a continuation and a reflection of the physical world require a broader perspective on academic assets required to create and sustain sound cyber defines capabilities. Acknowledging this premise, this paper sets out to map branches of science that significantly contribute to the domain known as ‘cyber' and searches for new aspects for further development.

scholarly journals Biological information

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jost
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Concept Of Information

AbstractIn computer science, we can theoretically neatly separate transmission and processing of information, hardware and software, and programs and their inputs. This is much more intricate in biology. Nevertheless, I argue that Shannon’s concept of information is useful in biology, although its application is not as straightforward as many people think. In fact, the recently developed theory of information decomposition can shed much light on the complementarity between coding and regulatory, or internal and environmental information. The key challenge that we formulate in this contribution is to understand how genetic information and external factors combine to create an organism, and conversely how the genome has learned in the course of evolution how to harness the environment, and analogously how coding, regulation and spatial organization interact in cellular processes.

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