Potential Landscape of a Probe Penetrant Particle for Fast Estimating of Silica Diffusion Properties

Successful search for optimal molecular structures of membrane materials requires efficient algorithms for assessing their diffusion properties. It is shown in this work that the potential landscape of a probe penetrating particle, a component that passes through the membrane during gas separation, is suitable for solving such problems. A number of indicators are considered that can be easily calculated from potential landscapes of specific models of silicate materials, both not related to the topology of the potential landscape (global minimum, voxel energy distribution), and depending on it (percolation cluster). A good correlation of these indicators with the corresponding diffusion coefficients is shown

IDENTIFYING START-UP PARTNERS: WHICH SEARCH PRACTICES AND COMBINATION STRATEGIES ARE EFFECTIVE?

Start-ups are an important source of novel knowledge and product ideas for incumbents. We investigate which search strategies are positively related to the successful search for start-ups. We identify search instruments and their various uses: intensive or broad; stand-alone or combinatory. Finding 11 search practices in the literature, we evaluate how these practices were used by 97 respondents from a cross-industry and cross-national sample. Our results show that searching broadly and intensively is positively related to a successful search for start-ups and to firms’ radical innovation capability. Specific tools that are positively related to search success are online contacts, desk research, external scouting partners, and start-up pitch events. Decision tree analysis provides effective combinations of search practices that innovation managers and purchasing managers can use. Employing these search practice combinations, we make incumbents aware of the routines used in distant knowledge search. These practices are dynamic capabilities that help them to remain successful in high-velocity markets. In identifying these search practices, we contribute to the literature on innovation routines and dynamic capability research.

Parallel exploration via negatively correlated search

Effective exploration is key to a successful search process. The recently proposed negatively correlated search (NCS) tries to achieve this by coordinated parallel exploration, where a set of search processes are driven to be negatively correlated so that different promising areas of the search space can be visited simultaneously. Despite successful applications of NCS, the negatively correlated search behaviors were mostly devised by intuition, while deeper (e.g., mathematical) understanding is missing. In this paper, a more principled NCS, namely NCNES, is presented, showing that the parallel exploration is equivalent to a process of seeking probabilistic models that both lead to solutions of high quality and are distant from previous obtained probabilistic models. Reinforcement learning, for which exploration is of particular importance, are considered for empirical assessment. The proposed NCNES is applied to directly train a deep convolution network with 1.7 million connection weights for playing Atari games. Empirical results show that the significant advantages of NCNES, especially on games with uncertain and delayed rewards, can be highly owed to the effective parallel exploration ability.

Steps 1 and 2: Asking a Compelling Clinical Question and Searching for the Best Evidence

A compelling clinical question using the PICOT format sets the stage for a successful search for relevant evidence. This column describes the PICOT format with examples for each component and uses a specific example to demonstrate, through a first-person librarian narrative, how to conduct a literature search for relevant evidence.

Science is the highest pilotage of intuition at the junction of art and logic: dedicated to the memory of Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Anischenko Tatiana Grigorievna

The article is dedicated to the blessed memory of Tatyana Grigorievna Anishchenko, Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, who used to hold the position of head of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Biological Faculty of the Saratov State University from 1995 to 2015. This is a look back at the memories of some of her students and a message for new generations about great prospects in obtaining a golden ticket to life and the wonderful world of science. Tatiana Grigorievna’s students are a great example of success, which lies in the knowledge, first of all, of oneself, and through these lessons, a successful search for new opportunities and goals in life. Science is the pilotage guiding light of intuition at the intersection of art and logic, a compromise of flights of fantasy and clear facts. These unique instruments are based on the best traditions of the school of human and animal physiology.

Eye Fixation-Related Potentials during Visual Search on Acquaintance and Newly-Learned Faces

Searching familiar faces in the crowd may involve stimulus-driven attention by emotional significance, together with goal-directed attention due to task-relevant needs. The present study investigated the effect of familiarity on attentional processes by exploring eye fixation-related potentials (EFRPs) and eye gazes when humans searched for, among other distracting faces, either an acquaintance’s face or a newly-learned face. Task performance and gaze behavior were indistinguishable for identifying either faces. However, from the EFRP analysis, after a P300 component for successful search of target faces, we found greater deflections of right parietal late positive potentials in response to newly-learned faces than acquaintance’s faces, indicating more involvement of goal-directed attention in processing newly-learned faces. In addition, we found greater occipital negativity elicited by acquaintance’s faces, reflecting emotional responses to significant stimuli. These results may suggest that finding a familiar face in the crowd would involve lower goal-directed attention and elicit more emotional responses.

A successful search for intervening 21 cm H i absorption in galaxies at 0.4 < z <1.0 with the Australian square kilometre array pathfinder (ASKAP)

ABSTRACT We have used the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope to search for intervening 21 cm neutral hydrogen (H i) absorption along the line of sight to 53 bright radio continuum sources. Our observations are sensitive to H i column densities typical of Damped Lyman Alpha absorbers (DLAs) in cool gas with an H i spin temperature below about 300–500 K. The six-dish Boolardy Engineering Test Array (BETA) and twelve-antenna Early Science array (ASKAP-12) covered a frequency range corresponding to redshift 0.4 &lt; z &lt; 1.0 and 0.37 &lt; z &lt; 0.77, respectively, for the H i line. Fifty of the 53 radio sources observed have reliable optical redshifts, giving a total redshift path Δz = 21.37. This was a spectroscopically untargeted survey, with no prior assumptions about the location of the lines in redshift space. Four intervening H i lines were detected, two of them new. In each case, the estimated H i column density lies above the DLA limit for H i spin temperatures above 50–80 K, and we estimate a DLA number density at redshift z ∼ 0.6 of $n(z)=0.19^{+0.15 }_{ -0.09}$. This value lies somewhat above the general trend of n(z) with redshift seen in optical DLA studies. Although the current sample is small, it represents an important proof of concept for the much larger 21 cm First Large Absorption Survey in H i (FLASH) project to be carried out with the full 36-antenna ASKAP telescope, probing a total redshift path $\Delta z\sim \, 50,000$.

Seeking Employment in a Non-Native Language

In 2015, over a million refugees arrived in Germany. After settling into their new environments, these refugees needed to find employment. The search for work, and the orientation to the German job market, increasingly takes place on the Internet requiring language skills and digital competence. The purpose of this study is to examine the online information seeking strategies of refugees in Germany and barriers that affect a successful search. The study builds on data collected from an online study with seven refugees solving different tasks. Search queries for each participant were recorded and analyzed using an approach of both the mixed and grounded theory method. Participants did not follow any observable systematic strategy but relied on supporting tools such as the search engine for providing suggestions or corrections and translation websites. Participants mainly used three formulation tactics: copying, suggestions, and autonomous formulating. The formulation of the query seemed to be the most challenging to the participants.

V. M. ZHIRMUNSKY AS A FOLKLORIST. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL TYPOLOGY METHODS

The article considers the main stages in formation of the method for the comparative historical typology the first steps of which were made by A.N. Veselovsky in the second half of the 19 th century. For example, the point elaborated upon in “Historical Poetics” concerning consequential evolution of genres and poetic forms that reflect social reality became the starting point for the further development of that method. Work in this direction was continued later on by V.M. Zhirmunsky. At the beginning of his career in academia he dwelled upon the issues of literary theory and – while keeping “Historical Poetics” in high regard – continued Veselovsky’s work in the field of literary studies. However, turning to folklore material, he managed to develop the basic principles of the comparative historical method: first of all, he had analysed and systematised the extensive epic material, what allowed him to reveal in the folklore work the national and the general, for the successful search and analysis of which the method was necessary. The author analysis of the works of Zhirmunsky, that contain his main ideas, and considers not only his suggestions on how to work with folk material, and also the features of the comparative typological method, as well as the development of Zhirmunsky’s ideas in the works of his students, followers and scientists who came to a similar result on their own (for example, V.Ya. Propp) and influenced further refinement of the methods of comparative typology.