scholarly journals Infusing Autopoietic and Cognitive Behaviors into Digital Automata to Improve their Sentience, Resilience and Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Symbolic Computing ◽  
Symbolic Computations ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems ◽  
Classical Computer ◽  
Computing Machines ◽  
Infor Mation

The holy grail of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been to mimic human intelligence using computing machines. Autopoiesis which refers to a system with well-defined identity and is capable of re-producing and maintaining itself and cognition which is the ability to process information, apply knowledge, and change the circumstance are associated with resilience and intelligence. While classical computer science (CCS) with symbolic and sub-symbolic computing has given us tools to decipher the mysteries of physical, chemical and biological systems in nature and allowed us to model, analyze various observations and use information to optimize our interactions with each other and with our environment, it falls short in reproducing even the basic behaviors of living organisms. We present the foundational shortcomings of CCS and discuss the science of infor-mation processing structures (SIPS) that allows us to fill the gaps. SIPS allows us to model su-per-symbolic computations and infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. They use common knowledge representation from the information gained using both symbolic and sub-symbolic computations in the form of system-wide knowledge networks consisting of knowledge nodes and information sharing channels with other knowledge nodes. The knowledge nodes wired together fire together to exhibit autopoietic and cognitive behaviors.

scholarly journals Infusing Autopoietic and Cognitive Behaviors into Digital Automata to Improve Their Sentience, Resilience, and Intelligence

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Symbolic Computing ◽  
New Science ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Classical Computer

All living beings use autopoiesis and cognition to manage their “life” processes from birth through death. Autopoiesis enables them to use the specification in their genomes to instantiate themselves using matter and energy transformations. They reproduce, replicate, and manage their stability. Cognition allows them to process information into knowledge and use it to manage its interactions between various constituent parts within the system and its interaction with the environment. Currently, various attempts are underway to make modern computers mimic the resilience and intelligence of living beings using symbolic and sub-symbolic computing. We discuss here the limitations of classical computer science for implementing autopoietic and cognitive behaviors in digital machines. We propose a new architecture applying the general theory of information (GTI) and pave the path to make digital automata mimic living organisms by exhibiting autopoiesis and cognitive behaviors. The new science, based on GTI, asserts that information is a fundamental constituent of the physical world and that living beings convert information into knowledge using physical structures that use matter and energy. Our proposal uses the tools derived from GTI to provide a common knowledge representation from existing symbolic and sub-symbolic computing structures to implement autopoiesis and cognitive behaviors.

Biotransformation and removal of heavy metals: a review of phytoremediation and microbial remediation assessment on contaminated soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.U. Emenike ◽  
B. Jayanthi ◽  
P. Agamuthu ◽  
S.H. Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Remediation ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems

Environmental deterioration is caused by a variety of pollutants; however, heavy metals are often a major issue. Development and globalization has now also resulted in such pollution occurring in developing societies, including Africa and Asia. This review explores the geographical outlook of soil pollution with heavy metals. Various approaches used to remedy metal-polluted soils include physical, chemical, and biological systems, but many of these methods are not economically viable, and they do not ensure restoration without residual effects. This review evaluates the diverse use of plants and microbes in biotransformation and removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil. Mechanisms on how natural processes utilizing plants (phytoremediation) and microorganisms (bioremediation) remove or reduce heavy metals from soil at various levels are presented. This review concludes that remediation technologies are necessary for the recovery of metal-contaminated environments and the prevention of continuous environmentally toxic impacts on living organisms.

scholarly journals A New Class of Autopoietic and Cognitive Machines

Information ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
New Class ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Computing Machines

Making computing machines mimic living organisms has captured the imagination of many since the dawn of digital computers. However, today’s artificial intelligence technologies fall short of replicating even the basic autopoietic and cognitive behaviors found in primitive biological systems. According to Charles Darwin, the difference in mind between humans and higher animals, great as it is, certainly is one of degree and not of kind. Autopoiesis refers to the behavior of a system that replicates itself and maintains identity and stability while facing fluctuations caused by external influences. Cognitive behaviors model the system’s state, sense internal and external changes, analyze, predict and take action to mitigate any risk to its functional fulfillment. How did intelligence evolve? what is the relationship between the mind and body? Answers to these questions should guide us to infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. In this paper, we show how to use the structural machine to build a cognitive reasoning system that integrates the knowledge from various digital symbolic and sub-symbolic computations. This approach is analogous to how the neocortex repurposed the reptilian brain and paves the path for digital machines to mimic living organisms using an integrated knowledge representation from different sources.

scholarly journals Metal Binding Proteins

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-292
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Metal ions play several major roles in proteins: structural, regulatory, and enzymatic. The binding of some metal ions increase stability of proteins or protein domains. Some metal ions can regulate various cell processes being first, second, or third messengers. Some metal ions, especially transition metal ions, take part in catalysis in many enzymes. From ten to twelve metals are vitally important for activity of living organisms: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. This short review is devoted to structural, physical, chemical, and physiological properties of proteins, which specifically bind these metal cations.

THE DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY OF SCROLL WAVES

1991 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 723-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN J. TYSON ◽  
STEVEN H. STROGATZ
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Topological Constraint ◽  
Linking Number ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Statics And Dynamics ◽  
Scroll Wave ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinskii Reaction

Traveling waves of excitation organize physical, chemical, and biological systems in space and time. In the biological context they serve to communicate information rapidly over long distances and to coordinate the activity of tissues and organs. An example of particular beauty, complexity and importance is the three-dimensional rotating scroll wave observed in the Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction and in the ventricle of the heart. A scroll wave rotates around a filamentous phase singularity that weaves through the three-dimensional medium. At any instant of time the geometry of the scroll wave can be reduced to the spatial arrangement of a ribbon whose edges are the singular filament and the tip of the scroll wave. This ribbon, when it closes on itself, must satisfy the topological constraint L = Tw + Wr, where L is the linking number of the two edges of the ribbon, Tw is the total twist of the ribbon, and Wr is the writhing number of the singular filament. We discuss the origin of this equation and its implications for scroll wave statics and dynamics.

scholarly journals Initialization of quantum simulators by sympathetic cooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. eaaw9268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghana Raghunandan ◽  
Fabian Wolf ◽  
Christian Ospelkaus ◽  
Piet O. Schmidt ◽  
Hendrik Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Energy State ◽  
Hamiltonian Dynamics ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Sympathetic Cooling ◽  
Trapped Ion ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quantum Simulators ◽  
Auxiliary Particle ◽  
Quantum Simulator ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems

Simulating computationally intractable many-body problems on a quantum simulator holds great potential to deliver insights into physical, chemical, and biological systems. While the implementation of Hamiltonian dynamics within a quantum simulator has already been demonstrated in many experiments, the problem of initialization of quantum simulators to a suitable quantum state has hitherto remained mostly unsolved. Here, we show that already a single dissipatively driven auxiliary particle can efficiently prepare the quantum simulator in a low-energy state of largely arbitrary Hamiltonians. We demonstrate the scalability of our approach and show that it is robust against unwanted sources of decoherence. While our initialization protocol is largely independent of the physical realization of the simulation device, we provide an implementation example for a trapped ion quantum simulator.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF P-RADIATION ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. RESULTS OF SOME SEARCH EXPERIMENTS

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
V. A Panchelyuga ◽  
M. E Diatroptov ◽  
D. V Kolokolov
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Poynting Vector ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Alpha Decay ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Cell ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems

The paper presents search experiments of the dependence of the parameters of physical (alpha decay of the Pu-239 isotope), chemical (fluctuations in a water cell) and biological (male Wistar rats) systems on the direction of rotation of the Poynting vector. It was found that in the case of clockwise rotation of the Poynting vector, an increase in the rate of radioactive decay by about 2 % is observed in comparison with the case without exposure. There is also an effect on the parameters of fluctuations in the water cell. When rotated counterclockwise, no such change is observed. In the case of biological systems, reactions that depend on the direction of rotation of the Poynting vector are also observed.

The physical-chemical environment of microbes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Kirchman
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Low Reynolds Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Chemical Environment ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Low Reynolds ◽  
Living Organisms

Many physical-chemical properties affecting microbes are familiar to ecologists examining large organisms in our visible world. This chapter starts by reviewing the basics of these properties, such as the importance of water for microbes in soils and temperature in all environments. Another important property, pH, has direct effects on organisms and indirect effects via how hydrogen ions determine the chemical form of key molecules and compounds in nature. Oxygen content is also critical, as it is essential to the survival of all but a few eukaryotes. Light is used as an energy source by phototrophs, but it can have deleterious effects on microbes. In addition to these familiar factors, the small size of microbes sets limits on their physical world. Microbes are said to live in a “low Reynolds number environment”. When the Reynolds number is smaller than about one, viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. For a macroscopic organism like us, moving in a low Reynolds number environment would seem like swimming in molasses. Microbes in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats live in a low Reynolds number world, one of many similarities between the two environments at the microbial scale. Most notably, even soil microbes live in an aqueous world, albeit a thin film of water on soil particles. But the soil environment is much more heterogeneous than water, with profound consequences for biogeochemical processes and interactions among microbes. The chapter ends with a discussion of how the physical-chemical environment of microbes in biofilms is quite different from that of free-living organisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document