scholarly journals Current Therapeutics and Future Perspectives to Ocular Melanocytic Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Tarcísio Guerra Guimarães ◽  
Karla Menezes Cardoso ◽  
Pedro Tralhão ◽  
Carlos Miguel Marto ◽  
Nuno Alexandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Loss ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Benign Lesions

Neoplasms of melanocytic origin are diseases relevant to dogs and cats’ ophthalmic oncology due to their incidence, potential visual loss, and consequent decrease in life quality and expectancy. Despite its non-specific clinical presentation, melanocytic neoplasms can be histologically distinguished in melanocytomas, which present benign characteristics, and malignant melanomas. The diagnosis often occurs in advanced cases, limiting the therapeutic options. Surgery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser are currently available therapeutic strategies. As no clinical guidelines are available, the treatment choice is primarily based on the clinician’s preference, proficiency, and the owner’s financial constraints. While surgery is curative in benign lesions, ocular melanomas present a variable response to treatments, besides the potential of tumour recurrences or metastatic disease. This review presents the currently available therapies for ocular melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats, describing the therapeutic, indications, and limitations. Additionally, new therapeutics being developed are presented and discussed, as they can improve the current treatment options.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Current Treatment Recommendations for Leishmaniasis

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1452-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Moss ◽  
James P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Governmental Institutions

OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors for transmission, and pathogenesis of leishmaniasis, as well as current treatment options for this disease. DATA SOURCES/DATA SELECTION: We reviewed unclassified medical-threat briefing material, subject-matter reviews, and case reports from the world's infectious disease literature. We concentrated on literature pertaining to the pathogenesis and management of leishmaniasis indigenous to Southwest Asia. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from subject reviews published in the English language were evaluated. Case reports and clinical trials provided supplemental data on evolving theories and management options. DATA SYNTHESIS: The clinical presentation of leishmaniasis is highly variable. Management relies heavily upon the use of parenteral antimonial drugs. Although these agents are effective in most cases, toxicity and the emergence of resistance limit the usefulness of standard therapies. Alternative treatment modalities include heat, surgical curettage, ketoconazole, metronidazole, pentamidine, rifampin, amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, allopurinol, and immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of reported cases of leishmaniasis in the US has generally been low, there is a possibility that more cases may be reported in the future because of the large number of military personnel returning to this country from endemic areas. Medical personnel, particularly those working in governmental institutions, should be familiar with the pathogenesis of this unusual infection as well as potential treatment options.

Current treatment options in patients with mastocytosis: status in 2015 and future perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Arock ◽  
Cem Akin ◽  
Olivier Hermine ◽  
Peter Valent
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: current treatment options and future perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Pavlovic ◽  
Andriani C. Patera ◽  
Fredrik Nyberg ◽  
Marianne Gerber ◽  
Maggie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Future Perspectives

Psoriasis in HIV infection: an update

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-604
Author(s):  
Miguel Alpalhão ◽  
J. Borges-Costa ◽  
Paulo Filipe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Novel Drugs

Psoriasis is a prevalent systemic immune-mediated disease with cutaneous manifestations. In HIV-infected patients, psoriasis may have a higher incidence, present atypical and more exuberant clinical features, and is frequently recalcitrant to treatment. Despite this aggravated severity, treatment options for psoriasis in HIV-infected individuals remain limited due to the risk of fatal immunosuppression associated with both classical immunosuppressants and new biological drugs. Notwithstanding, drug therapy in psoriasis has been undergoing major advances for the last few years, with novel drugs approved, which could significantly add to the management of HIV-infected patients. It is therefore our aim to present a review of the available literature to highlight the updated evidence on psoriasis in HIV-infected individuals, particularly in regards to its epidemiology, proposed pathophysiology, clinical presentation, currently available therapeutic options, and future perspectives.

Advanced Melanoma: Current Treatment Options, Biomarkers, and Future Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa A. Rozeman ◽  
Tim J. A. Dekker ◽  
John B. A. G. Haanen ◽  
Christian U. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Advanced Melanoma ◽  
Future Perspectives
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