scholarly journals Characterizations of Hamster Retina as a Model for Studies of Retinal Cholesterol Homeostasis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Nicole El-Darzi ◽  
Natalia Mast ◽  
Brian Dailey ◽  
John Denker ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Retinal Degenerations ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Retinal Blood Vessels ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamsters ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Old Mice

Cholesterol homeostasis in the retina, a sensory organ in the back of the eye, has been studied in mice but not hamsters, despite the latter being more similar to humans than mice with respect to their whole-body cholesterol maintenance. The goal of this study was to begin to assess hamster retina and conduct initial interspecies comparisons. First, young (3-month old) and mature (6-month old) Syrian (golden) hamsters were compared with 3- and 6-month old mice for ocular biometrics and retinal appearance on optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography. Of the 30 evaluated hamsters, seven had retinal structural abnormalities and all had increased permeability of retinal blood vessels. However, hamsters did not carry the mutations causing retinal degenerations 1 and 8, had normal blood glucose levels, and only slightly elevated hemoglobin A1c content. Cholesterol and six other sterols were quantified in hamster retina and compared with sterol profiles in mouse and human retina. These comparisons suggested that cholesterol turnover is much higher in younger than mature hamster retina, and that mature hamster and human retinas share similarities in the ratios of cholesterol metabolites to cholesterol. This study supports further investigations of cholesterol maintenance in hamster retina.

scholarly journals In a Free-Living Setting, Obesity Is Associated With Greater Food Intake in Response to a Similar Premeal Glucose Nadir

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3911-3919
Author(s):  
Janice Kim ◽  
Wai Lam ◽  
Qinxin Wang ◽  
Lisa Parikh ◽  
Ahmed Elshafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitor ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Profiles ◽  
Low Glucose

Abstract Purpose Changes in blood glucose levels have been shown to influence eating in healthy individuals; however, less is known about effects of glucose on food intake in individuals who are obese (OB). The goal of this study was to determine the predictive effect of circulating glucose levels on eating in free-living OB and normal weight (NW) individuals. Methods Interstitial glucose levels, measured with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) system, were obtained from 15 OB and 16 NW volunteers (age: 40 ± 14 and 37 ± 12 years; weight: 91 ± 13 and 68 ± 12 kg; hemoglobin A1c: 5.1% ± 0.7% and 5.2% ± 0.4%, respectively). While wearing the CGM, participants filled out a food log (mealtime, hunger rating, and amount of food). Glucose profiles were measured in relation to their meals [macro program (CGM peak and nadir analysis) using Microsoft® Excel]. Results OB and NW individuals showed comparable CGM glucose levels: mean [OB = 100 ± 8 mg/dL; NW = 99 ± 13 mg/dL; P = nonsignificant (NS)] and SD (OB = 18 ± 5 mg/dL, NW = 18 ± 4 mg/dL; P = NS). Obesity was associated with slower postprandial rate of changing glucose levels (P = 0.04). Preprandial nadir glucose levels predicted hunger and food intake in both groups (P < 0.0001), although hunger was associated with greater food intake in OB individuals than in NW individuals (P = 0.008 for group interaction). Conclusions Premeal glucose nadir predicted hunger and food intake in a group of free-living, healthy, nondiabetic NW and OB individuals; however for a similar low glucose level stimulus, hunger-induced food intake was greater in OB than NW individuals.

scholarly journals Effect of reduced dietary zinc intake on carbohydrate and Zn metabolism in the genetically diabetic mouse (C57BL/KsJ db+/db+)

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Southon ◽  
Z. Kechrid ◽  
A. J. A. Wright ◽  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

1. Male, 4–5-week-old, genetically diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ db/db) and non-diabetic heterozygote litter-mates (C57BL/KsJ db/+)were fed on a diet containing 1 mg zinc/kg (low-Zn groups) or 54 mg Zn/kg (control groups) for 27 d. Food intakes and body-weight gain were recorded regularly. On day 28, after an overnight fast, animals were killed and blood glucose and insulin concentrations, liver glycogen, and femur and pancreatic Zn concentrations were determined.2. The consumption of the low-Zn diet had only a minimal effect on the Zn status of the mice as indicated by growth rate, food intake and femur and pancreatic Zn concentrations. In fact, diabetic mice fed on the low-Zn diet had a higher total food intake than those fed on the control diet. The low-Zn diabetic mice had higher fasting blood glucose and liver glycogen levels than their control counterparts. Fasting blood insulin concentration was unaffected by dietary regimen.3. A second experiment was performed in which the rate of loss of 65Zn, injected subcutaneously, was measured by whole-body counting in the two mouse genotypes over a 28 d period, from 4 to 5 weeks of age. The influence of feeding low-Zn or control diets was also examined. At the end of the study femur and pancreatic Zn and non-fasting blood glucose levels were determined.4. All mice fed on the low-Zn diet showed a marked reduction in whole-body 65Zn loss compared with those animals fed on the control diet. In the low-Zn groups, the loss of 65Zn from the diabetic mice was significantly greater than that from heterozygote mice. This difference was not observed in the control groups. Blood glucose levels were elevated in the low-Zn groups. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed.5. The present study demonstrates an adverse effect of reduced dietary Zn intake on glucose utilization in the genetically diabetic mouse, which occurred before any significant tissue Zn depletion became apparent.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Short Sprint on Postexercise Whole-Body Glucose Production and Utilization Rates in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4193-4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Fahey ◽  
N. Paramalingam ◽  
R. J. Davey ◽  
E. A. Davis ◽  
T. W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Context: Recently we showed that a 10-sec maximal sprint effort performed before or after moderate intensity exercise can prevent early hypoglycemia during recovery in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the mechanisms underlying this protective effect of sprinting are still unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that short duration sprinting increases blood glucose levels via a disproportionate increase in glucose rate of appearance (Ra) relative to glucose rate of disappearance (Rd). Subjects and Experimental Design: Eight T1DM participants were subjected to a euglycemic-euinsulinemic clamp and, together with nondiabetic participants, were infused with [6,6-2H]glucose before sprinting for 10 sec and allowed to recover for 2 h. Results: In response to sprinting, blood glucose levels increased by 1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/liter (P &lt; 0.05) within 30 min of recovery in T1DM participants and remained stable afterward, whereas glycemia rose by only 0.40 ± 0.05 mmol/liter in the nondiabetic group. During recovery, glucose Ra did not change in both groups (P &gt; 0.05), but glucose Rd in the nondiabetic and diabetic participants fell rapidly after exercise before returning within 30 min to preexercise levels. After sprinting, the levels of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and GH rose transiently in both experimental groups (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: A sprint as short as 10 sec can increase plasma glucose levels in nondiabetic and T1DM individuals, with this rise resulting from a transient decline in glucose Rd rather than from a disproportionate rise in glucose Ra relative to glucose Rd as reported with intense aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals Correlation between short- and mid-term hemoglobin A1c and glycemic control determined by continuous glucose monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hung Huang ◽  
Yung-Kuo Lin ◽  
Ting-Wei Lee ◽  
Han-Wen Liu ◽  
Yu-Mei Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background Glucose monitoring is vital for glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measures whole-day glucose levels. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a vital outcome predictor in patients with DM. Methods This study investigated the relationship between HbA1c and CGM, which remained unclear hitherto. Data of patients with DM (n = 91) who received CGM and HbA1c testing (1–3 months before and after CGM) were retrospectively analyzed. Diurnal and nocturnal glucose, highest CGM data (10%, 25%, and 50%), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), percent coefficient of variation (%CV), and continuous overlapping net glycemic action were compared with HbA1c values before and after CGM. Results The CGM results were significantly correlated with HbA1c values measured 1 (r = 0.69) and 2 (r = 0.39) months after CGM and 1 month (r = 0.35) before CGM. However, glucose levels recorded in CGM did not correlate with the HbA1c values 3 months after and 2–3 months before CGM. MAGE and %CV were strongly correlated with HbA1c values 1 and 2 months after CGM, respectively. Diurnal blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with HbA1c values 1–2 months before and 1 month after CGM. The nocturnal blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with HbA1c values 1–3 months before and 1–2 months after CGM. Conclusions CGM can predict HbA1c values within 1 month after CGM in patients with DM.

scholarly journals Whole body vibration and blood glucose levels in elderly people: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 27604
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Bastos Licurci ◽  
Alessandra De Almeida Fagundes ◽  
Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo Arisawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

***Whole body vibration and blood glucose levels in elderly people: a pilot study***AIMS: To evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration therapy on blood glucose levels of elderly people using a vibratory platform.METHODS: The study included volunteers of both genders, aged between 60 and 75 years, without gait disorders or motor disabilities. Individuals with systemic disease, obesity, conflicting treatments, tobacco users, and those who could not understand the maneuvers were excluded. The study consisted of a single session of whole-body vibration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, and blood glucose were obtained for each participant at baseline, immediately before the procedure. Volunteers were then placed in the standing position on the ground of an oscillating platform and treated for 10 min with a frequency of vibration set at 20 Hz (displacement  ±6 mm; orbital vibration). Immediately after the whole-body vibration session, all data were collected again. Comparisons were made between baseline and post-treatment data. Normality was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data were analyzed using paired Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon test as appropriate. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: Eleven participants (seven men, four women) participated of the study. The mean age was 64.18±4.37 years. The results showed a significant decrease in the glycemic indexes (p=0.016) and an increase in the respiratory rate (p=0.047) after the whole-body vibration session.CONCLUSIONS: Healthy elderly subjected for 10 minutes to whole-body vibration set at 20 Hz presented reduction of blood glucose levels and increasing of respiratory rate.

Evidence that increased glucose cycling in islets of diabetic ob/ob mice is a primary feature of the disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. E623-E626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khan ◽  
S. Efendic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Diabetic Syndrome

Glucose cycling (GC) is increased in pancreatic islets from hyperglycemic 6-mo-old ob/ob mice. We determined whether normalization of glycemia alters islet GC and insulin release in response to glucose as well as oxidation and utilization of the glucose. Mice were treated with phlorizin in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 10 days, which resulted in normalization of blood glucose concentrations. Controls received DMSO. The mice were fasted overnight and killed, and their islets were isolated for measurements of insulin release at 5.5 and 16.7 mM glucose and at 16.7 mM glucose plus 10 mM arginine. GC was measured by the incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into carbon 2 of glucose, glucose oxidation by the yield of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose, and glucose utilization by the yield of 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose. Phlorizin treatment did not alter the response of insulin to glucose and to glucose plus arginine. GC was 30% in control and phlorizin-treated animals. Glucose oxidation and utilization were also the same in both groups. In fed 10- to 12-mo-old mice exhibiting a broad range of blood glucose levels, there was no correlation between GC and either insulin release or glucose concentrations. Thus the islets of ob/ob mice exhibit an increased rate of GC regardless of glycemia. This indicates that the increased rate of GC is an important characteristic of the diabetic syndrome in these animals and not simply secondary to hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Whole body vibration and blood glucose levels in elderly people: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 27604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Bastos Licurci ◽  
Alessandra De Almeida Fagundes ◽  
Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo Arisawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

***Whole body vibration and blood glucose levels in elderly people: a pilot study***AIMS: To evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration therapy on blood glucose levels of elderly people using a vibratory platform.METHODS: The study included volunteers of both genders, aged between 60 and 75 years, without gait disorders or motor disabilities. Individuals with systemic disease, obesity, conflicting treatments, tobacco users, and those who could not understand the maneuvers were excluded. The study consisted of a single session of whole-body vibration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, and blood glucose were obtained for each participant at baseline, immediately before the procedure. Volunteers were then placed in the standing position on the ground of an oscillating platform and treated for 10 min with a frequency of vibration set at 20 Hz (displacement  ±6 mm; orbital vibration). Immediately after the whole-body vibration session, all data were collected again. Comparisons were made between baseline and post-treatment data. Normality was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data were analyzed using paired Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon test as appropriate. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: Eleven participants (seven men, four women) participated of the study. The mean age was 64.18±4.37 years. The results showed a significant decrease in the glycemic indexes (p=0.016) and an increase in the respiratory rate (p=0.047) after the whole-body vibration session.CONCLUSIONS: Healthy elderly subjected for 10 minutes to whole-body vibration set at 20 Hz presented reduction of blood glucose levels and increasing of respiratory rate.

scholarly journals Gingival Crevicular Blood Glucose Evaluation in Patients with Periodontitis: Evolution of A New Screening Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Quratulain Saeed ◽  
◽  
Sarwat Memon ◽  
Mervyn Hosein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Screening Technique ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin A1c

OBJECTIVE: The aim and objective of this study was to assess if gingival crevicular blood could be utilized for blood glucose evaluation in patients with periodontitis and to check the reliability of this screening method. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted at the department of Oral Medicine, Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The sample size involved 348 participants with chronic periodontitis. The gingival crevicular blood produced during periodontal probing was collected on a glucometer strip to assess random glucose levels. Glycemic levels were also checked by finger capillary blood via a glucometer. Intravenous blood glycated hemoglobin A1c test was performed in patients found with blood glucose levels in pre-diabetic or diabetic range. RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrate a strong correlation (0.987, p< 0.001) between gingival crevicular blood and finger capillary blood glucose values and good correlation (0.709, p<0.001) between gingival crevicular bloodglucose and glycated Hemoglobin A1c levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed 94.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity of GCB glucose screening at the cut-off value of 168mg/dl. Gingival crevicular blood glucose showed significant regression with Finger capillary bloodglucose (R=0.987, R2=0.974, p<0.001) andglycated hemoglobin A1clevels (R=0.709, R2=0.502, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: From this study we conclude that gingival crevicular blood can be relied upon for screening of blood glucose levels in periodontitis patients presenting with bleeding on probing. KEYWORDS: Blood glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Gingival Crevicular blood,Inflammation, Periodontitis. HOW TO CITE: Saeed Q, Memon S, Hosein M. Gingival crevicular blood glucose evoluation in patients with periodontitis: Evolution of a new screening technique. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):193-198.

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