scholarly journals In Silico and Cellular Differences Related to the Cell Division Process between the A and B Races of the Colonial Microalga Botryococcus braunii

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Xochitl Morales-de la Cruz ◽  
Alejandra Mandujano-Chávez ◽  
Daniel R. Browne ◽  
Timothy P. Devarenne ◽  
Lino Sánchez-Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Cell Doubling Time ◽  
Division Process ◽  
Polyphosphate Bodies ◽  
Growing Conditions

Botryococcus braunii produce liquid hydrocarbons able to be processed into combustion engine fuels. Depending on the growing conditions, the cell doubling time can be up to 6 days or more, which is a slow growth rate in comparison with other microalgae. Few studies have analyzed the cell cycle of B. braunii. We did a bioinformatic comparison between the protein sequences for retinoblastoma and cyclin-dependent kinases from the A (Yamanaka) and B (Showa) races, with those sequences from other algae and Arabidopsis thaliana. Differences in the number of cyclin-dependent kinases and potential retinoblastoma phosphorylation sites between the A and B races were found. Some cyclin-dependent kinases from both races seemed to be phylogenetically more similar to A. thaliana than to other microalgae. Microscopic observations were done using several staining procedures. Race A colonies, but not race B, showed some multinucleated cells without chlorophyll. An active mitochondrial net was detected in those multinucleated cells, as well as being defined in polyphosphate bodies. These observations suggest differences in the cell division processes between the A and B races of B. braunii.

Development of potential inhibitors of cell division protein kinase 2 by ligand based drug design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vildan Enisoğlu Atalay ◽  
Büşra Savaş
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Discovery Studio ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interactions ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Cycle Regulation

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are commonly known by their role in cell cycle regulation which affects cancer mechanism. In many cancer types, CDKs show extreme activity or CDK inhibiting proteins are dysfunctional. Specifically, CDK2 plays an indispensable role in cell division especially in the G1/S phase and DNA damage repair. Therefore, it is important to find new potential CDK2 inhibitors. In this study, ligand-based drug design is used to design new potential CDK2 inhibitors. Y8 L ligand is obtained from the X-ray crystal structure of human CDK2 (PDB ID: 2XNB) (www.pdb.org) and used as a structure model. By adding hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to the structure, a training set of 36 molecules is generated. Each molecule examined with Spartan’14 and optimized structures are used for docking to CDK2 structure by AutoDock and AutoDock Vina programs. Ligand-amino acid interactions are analysed with Discovery Studio Visualizer. Van der Waals, Pi-Pi T-shaped, alkyl, pi-alkyl, conventional hydrogen bond and carbon-hydrogen bond interactions are observed. By docking results and viewed interactions, some molecules are identified and discussed as potential CDK2 inhibitors. Additionally, 8 different QSAR descriptors obtained from Spartan’14, Preadmet and ALOGPS 2.1 programs are investigated with multiple linear regulation (MLR) analysis with SPSS program for their impact on affinity value.

scholarly journals Entamoeba histolytica Encodes Unique Formins, a Subset of Which Regulates DNA Content and Cell Division

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhra Majumder ◽  
Anuradha Lohia
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Actin Assembly ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Binucleated Cells ◽  
Cytoskeletal Network

ABSTRACT The formin family of proteins mediates dynamic changes in actin assembly in eukaryotes, and therefore it is important to understand the function of these proteins in Entamoeba histolytica, where actin forms the major cytoskeletal network. In this study we have identified the formin homologs encoded in the E. histolytica genome based on sequence analysis. Using multiple tools, we have analyzed the primary sequences of the eight E. histolytica formins and discovered three subsets: (i) E. histolytica formin-1 to -3 (Ehformin-1 to -3), (ii) Ehformin-4, and (iii) Ehformin-5 to -8. Two of these subsets (Ehformin-1 to -3 and Ehformin-4) showed significant sequence differences from their closest homologs, while Ehformin-5 to -8 were unique among all known formins. Since Ehformin-1 to -3 showed important sequence differences from Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs), we have studied the functions of Ehformin-1 and -2 in E. histolytica transformants. Like other DRFs, Ehformin-1 and -2 associated with F-actin in response to serum factors, in pseudopodia, in pinocytic and phagocytic vesicles, and at cell division sites. Ehformin-1 and -2 also localized with the microtubular assembly in the nucleus, indicating their involvement in genome segregation. While increased expression of Ehformin-1 and -2 did not affect phagocytosis or motility, it clearly showed an increase in the number of binucleated cells, the number of nuclei in multinucleated cells, and the average DNA content of each nucleus, suggesting that these proteins regulate both mitosis and cytokinesis in E. histolytica.

scholarly journals Effects of Proximal Tubule Shortening on Protein Excretion in a Lowe Syndrome Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Gliozzi ◽  
Eugenel B. Espiritu ◽  
Katherine E. Shipman ◽  
Youssef Rbaibi ◽  
Kimberly R. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Lowe Syndrome ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Pt Cell ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Endocytic Traffic

BackgroundLowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in OCRL, which encodes the enzyme OCRL. Symptoms of LS include proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction typically characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, renal tubular acidosis (RTA), aminoaciduria, and hypercalciuria. How mutant OCRL causes these symptoms isn’t clear.MethodsWe examined the effect of deleting OCRL on endocytic traffic and cell division in newly created human PT CRISPR/Cas9 OCRL knockout cells, multiple PT cell lines treated with OCRL-targeting siRNA, and in orcl-mutant zebrafish.ResultsOCRL-depleted human cells proliferated more slowly and about 10% of them were multinucleated compared with fewer than 2% of matched control cells. Heterologous expression of wild-type, but not phosphatase-deficient, OCRL prevented the accumulation of multinucleated cells after acute knockdown of OCRL but could not rescue the phenotype in stably edited knockout cell lines. Mathematic modeling confirmed that reduced PT length can account for the urinary excretion profile in LS. Both ocrl mutant zebrafish and zebrafish injected with ocrl morpholino showed truncated expression of megalin along the pronephric kidney, consistent with a shortened S1 segment.ConclusionsOur data suggest a unifying model to explain how loss of OCRL results in tubular proteinuria as well as the other commonly observed renal manifestations of LS. We hypothesize that defective cell division during kidney development and/or repair compromises PT length and impairs kidney function in LS patients.

Consistency of constructions for cell division processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Nagel ◽  
Eike Biehler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Boundary Effects ◽  
Bounded Set ◽  
Spatial Consistency ◽  
Division Process

For a class of cell division processes in the Euclidean space ℝd, spatial consistency is investigated. This addresses the problem whether the distribution of the generated structures, restricted to a bounded set V, depends on the choice of a larger region W ⊃ V where the construction of the cell division process is performed. This can also be understood as the problem of boundary effects in the cell division procedure. It is known that the STIT tessellations are spatially consistent. In the present paper it is shown that, within a reasonable wide class of cell division processes, the STIT tessellations are the only ones that are consistent.

scholarly journals A S/M DNA replication checkpoint prevents nuclear and cytoplasmic events of cell division including centrosomal axis alignment and inhibits activation of cyclin-dependent kinase-like proteins in fucoid zygotes

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (8) ◽  
pp. 1651-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Corellou ◽  
S.R. Bisgrove ◽  
D.L. Kropf ◽  
L. Meijer ◽  
B. Kloareg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Replication Checkpoint ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Axis Alignment ◽  
Dna Replication Checkpoint ◽  
Cdc25a Phosphatase

S/M checkpoints prevent various aspects of cell division when DNA has not been replicated. Such checkpoints are stringent in yeast and animal somatic cells but are usually partial or not present in animal embryos. Because little is known about S/M checkpoints in plant cells and embryos, we have investigated the effect of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerases (alpha) and (delta), on cell division and morphogenesis in Fucus and Pelvetia zygotes. Both DNA replication and cell division were inhibited by aphidicolin, indicating the presence, in fucoid zygotes, of a S/M checkpoint. This checkpoint prevents chromatin condensation, spindle formation, centrosomal alignment with the growth axis and cytokinesis but has no effect on germination or rhizoid elongation. This S/M checkpoint also prevents tyrosine dephosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase-like proteins at the onset of mitosis. The kinase activity is restored in extracts upon incubation with cdc25A phosphatase. When added in S phase, olomoucine, a specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, has similar effects as aphidicolin on cell division although alignment of the centrosomal axis still occurs. We propose a model involving the inactivation of CDK-like proteins to account for the S/M DNA replication checkpoint in fucoid zygotes and embryos.

scholarly journals Fission yeast cell cycle mutants and the logic of eukaryotic cell cycle control

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (26) ◽  
pp. 2871-2873
Author(s):  
Paul Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Working Out

Cell cycle mutants in the budding and fission yeasts have played critical roles in working out how the eukaryotic cell cycle operates and is controlled. The starting point was Lee Hartwell’s 1970s landmark papers describing the first cell division cycle (CDC) mutants in budding yeast. These mutants were blocked at different cell cycle stages and so were unable to complete the cell cycle, thus defining genes necessary for successful cell division. Inspired by Hartwell’s work, I isolated CDC mutants in the very distantly related fission yeast. This started a program of searches for mutants in fission yeast that revealed a range of phenotypes informative about eukaryotic cell cycle control. These included mutants defining genes that were rate-limiting for the onset of mitosis and of the S-phase, that were responsible for there being only one S-phase in each cell cycle, and that ensured that mitosis only took place when S-phase was properly completed. This is a brief account of the discovery of these mutants and how they led to the identification of cyclin-dependent kinases as core to these cell cycle controls.

Effects of Copaifera duckei Dwyer oleoresin on the cell wall and cell division of Bacillus cereus

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cristina Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Claudio Luis Donnici ◽  
Elizabeth Ribeiro da Silva Camargos ◽  
Adriana Augusto de Rezende ◽  
Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Division Process

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Copaifera duckei oleoresin and to determine its possible mechanism of action against bacteria of clinical and food interest. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar diffusion and dilution methods; the mechanism of action by transmission electron microscopy and by SDS-PAGE; the bioactive compounds by bioautography; and the chemical analysis by GC/MS. Oleoresin showed activity against nine of the 11 strains of bacteria tested. Bacillus cereus was the most sensitive, with a MIC corresponding to 0.03125 mg ml−1 and with a bactericidal action. Oleoresin acted on the bacterial cell wall, removing proteins and the S-layer, and interfering with the cell-division process. This activity probably can be attributed to the action of terpenic compounds, among them the bisabolene compound. Gram-negative bacteria tested were not inhibited. C. duckei oleoresin is a potential antibacterial, suggesting that this oil could be used as a therapeutic alternative, mainly against B. cereus.

scholarly journals The association of polyphosphate bodies with chromosomes during cell division in Aureobasidium pullulans.

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Crang ◽  
Thomas E. Jensen ◽  
Barbara B. Doonan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Polyphosphate Bodies
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