scholarly journals The Many Faces of FKBP51

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hähle ◽  
Stephanie Merz ◽  
Christian Meyners ◽  
Felix Hausch
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Fk506 Binding Protein ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Protein Partners ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Many

The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as a key regulator of endocrine stress responses in mammals and as a potential therapeutic target for stress-related disorders (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes) and chronic pain. Recently, FKBP51 has been implicated in several cellular pathways and numerous interacting protein partners have been reported. However, no consensus on the underlying molecular mechanisms has yet emerged. Here, we review the protein interaction partners reported for FKBP51, the proposed pathways involved, their relevance to FKBP51’s physiological function(s), the interplay with other FKBPs, and implications for the development of FKBP51-directed drugs.

scholarly journals Ketamine—50 years in use: from anesthesia to rapid antidepressant effects and neurobiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345
Author(s):  
Samuel Kohtala
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractOver the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been studied and used for several new indications, ranging from chronic pain to drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has resulted in a surge of interest towards understanding the precise mechanisms driving its effects. Indeed, ketamine may have had the largest impact for advancements in the research and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the past few decades. While intense research efforts have been aimed towards uncovering the molecular targets underlying ketamine’s effects in treating depression, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. These efforts are made more difficult by ketamine’s complex dose-dependent effects on molecular mechanisms, multiple pharmacologically active metabolites, and a mechanism of action associated with the facilitation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the different uses of ketamine, with an emphasis on examining ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. Another focus of the review is to offer a perspective on studies related to the different doses of ketamine used in antidepressant research. Finally, the review discusses some of the latest hypotheses concerning ketamine’s action.

Effects of Support Groups on Post Traumatic Stress Responses in Women Experiencing Stillbirth

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Cacciatore
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

This research study explores the effects of support groups on traumatic stress responses of women experiencing stillbirth. Women ( N = 47) responded to a mixed method questionnaire. Quantitative results utilizing the Impact of Event Scale Revised demonstrate that women who attend support group, when controlling for time, had fewer post traumatic stress symptoms than did the women who did not attend support group. Qualitative results elucidate the role of support groups in managing grief, suggesting that connectivity with other like women may be a useful strategy in reducing problematic psychological outcomes.

The Role of Glucocorticoids in the (Mal)adaptive Response to Traumatic Experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagit Cohen ◽  
Joseph Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Basic Facts

Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a major role in orchestrating the complex physiological and behavioral reactions essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. These compounds enable the organism to prepare for, respond to, and cope with the acute demands of physical and emotional stressors and enable a faster recovery with passage of the threat. A timely and an appropriate GC release commensurate with stressor severity enables the body to properly contain stress responses so as to promote recovery by rapidly restoring homeostasis. Inadequate GC release following stress not only delays recovery by disrupting biological homeostasis but can also interfere with the processing or interpretation of stressful information that results in long-term disruptions in memory integration. A salient example of such an impaired post-traumatic process is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The findings from recent animal models and translational and clinical neuroendocrine studies summarized in this chapter provide insights shedding light on the apparently contradictory studies of the HPA-axis response to stress. Also included is a review of the basic facts about PTSD and biological data.

PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Postconcussive Syndrome ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distinctive Role

One of the more hotly debated issues in the field of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the role of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and particularly mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This topic became increasingly the focus of attention in the context of recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, where many troops suffered PTSD and mTBIs. Over three-quarters of injuries sustained in these conflicts arose from encounters with explosive devices, and accordingly it was often claimed that the “signature injuries” of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were both PTSD and mTBI. Clinicians and researchers have thus given renewed attention to the interplay of these two conditions. This chapter reviews definitional issues of PTSD and mTBI, how PTSD can develop after mTBI, the impact mTBI may have on stress responses, the distinctive role of postconcussive syndrome, and how to manage PTSD following mTBI.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Ethical and Legal Relevance to the Criminal Justice System

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Soltis ◽  
Ron Acierno ◽  
Daniel F. Gros ◽  
Matthew Yoder ◽  
Peter W. Tuerk
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Life Threat ◽  
Traumatic Event Exposure

New coverage of the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the ensuing public education campaigns by the Department of Veterans Affairs and private veterans advocacy groups combine to call the public's attention to the many potential mental health problems associated with traumatic event exposure. Indeed, since 2001, Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) combat and peacekeeping missions have been characterized by high levels of exposure to acts of extreme violence, with often gruesome effects. Less publically discussed is the fact that a surprisingly large number of United States civilians also report exposure to traumatic events, such as severe interpersonal violence, natural disasters, and serious automobile accidents. In fact, approximately 70% of randomly sampled respondents indicated that they have experienced an incident characterized by significant perceived life threat at some point during their lives.

Sexual Assault

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Verma ◽  
Celeste S Royce
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sexually Abusive ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Many

Sexual assault affects as many as one-third of women around the world. Sexual assault includes individual traumatic events as well as chronic sexually abusive relationships, and can involve a partner, acquaintance, or stranger. Many women who have experienced sexual assault develop long-term mental and physical effects of their sexual trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, and dyspareunia. OBGYNs are able to have long-lasting impacts on the many survivors of sexual assault by screening effectively and providing compassionate, trauma-informed care. This review contains 10 figures and 33 references. Keywords: human trafficking, intimate partner violence, primary care, rape, sexual assault, sexual violence, trauma-informed care, women

scholarly journals Overview of the Molecular Steps in Steroidogenesis of the GABAergic Neurosteroids Allopregnanolone and Pregnanolone

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701881855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Liang ◽  
Ann M. Rasmusson
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Steroidogenic Cells ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions ◽  
Specific Synthesis

Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone—neurosteroids synthesized from progesterone in the brain, adrenal gland, ovary and testis—have been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions including seizure disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, post-partum depression, pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder, chronic pain, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, neurotrauma, and stroke. Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone equipotently facilitate the effects of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) at GABAA receptors, and when sulfated, antagonize N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. They play myriad roles in neurophysiological homeostasis and adaptation to stress while exerting anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-nociceptive, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, sleep promoting, memory stabilizing, neuroprotective, pro-myelinating, and neurogenic effects. Given that these neurosteroids are synthesized de novo on demand, this review details the molecular steps involved in the biochemical conversion of cholesterol to allopregnanolone and pregnanolone within steroidogenic cells. Although much is known about the early steps in neurosteroidogenesis, less is known about transcriptional, translational, and post-translational processes in allopregnanolone- and pregnanolone-specific synthesis. Further research to elucidate these mechanisms as well as to optimize the timing and dose of interventions aimed at altering the synthesis or levels of these neurosteroids is much needed. This should include the development of novel therapeutics for the many neuropsychiatric conditions to which dysregulation of these neurosteroids contributes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document