scholarly journals Cannabis and Cognition: Connecting the Dots towards the Understanding of the Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Colizzi ◽  
Sarah Tosato ◽  
Mirella Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Connecting The Dots

Several studies have advanced the understanding of the effects of cannabis on cognitive function. A comprehensive reappraisal of such literature may help in drawing conclusions about the potential risks associated with cannabis use. In summary, the evidence suggests that earlier age of use, high-frequency and high-potency cannabis use, as well as sustained use over time and use of synthetic cannabinoids, are all correlated with a higher likelihood of developing potentially severe and persistent executive function impairments. While the exact mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of cannabis on cognition are not completely clear, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies support the presence of both structural and functional alterations associated with cannabis use. Cognitive dysfunction is also a core feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders and care must be taken regarding the effects of cannabis use in these patient populations. Cognitive impairments affect patients’ daily functions, sociability, and long-term outcome, posing elevated economic, social, and clinical burdens. There is, thus, a compelling case for implementing behavioral and cognitive rehabilitation therapies for these patients, as well as investigating the endocannabinoid system in the development of new psychopharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals PHACE Syndrome: A Rare Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 027-031
Author(s):  
Ceylan Altintas Taslicay ◽  
Elmire Dervisoglu ◽  
Ercument Ciftci ◽  
Funda Corapcioglu ◽  
Yonca Anik
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Vascular Disorder ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Phace Syndrome ◽  
Posterior Fossa Malformations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractPHACE syndrome (OMIM 606519) is a rare neurocutaneous vascular disorder, characterized by posterior fossa malformations, large cervicofacial infantile hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, aortic coarctation, cardiac abnormalities, and eye abnormalities. The long-term outcome of PHACE syndrome patients is unclear; however, it seems that they are at risk for childhood stroke. The radiologist has an important role on diagnosis of PHACE syndrome and in the assessment of potential complications. Investigation of infants with segmental craniofacial hemangiomas should include cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the cerebral and cervical arteries. Brain MRI and MRA findings of a 5-year-old female patient with PHACE syndrome are presented.

scholarly journals Markers of tumor invasion are major predictive factors for the long-term outcome of corticotroph microadenomas treated by transsphenoidal adenomectomy

2000 ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vallette-Kasic ◽  
H Dufour ◽  
M Mugnier ◽  
J Trouillas ◽  
H Valdes-Socin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Tumor Extension ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Tumor Invasiveness ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy ◽  
Surgical Failure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

OBJECTIVE: To assess the postsurgical outcome of patients with corticotroph microadenomas and to define predictors of the long-term outcome, with special emphasis on markers of tumor extension. DESIGN: Prospective study of 53 corticotroph microadenomas treated by enlarged adenomectomy. Patients followed for at least 2 years were classified into two groups: those in long-term remission and uncured patients (immediate failures and recurrences). Pre-, per- and postoperative parameters were analyzed as predictors of the long-term outcome. METHODS: Baseline hormone assessments were performed preoperatively, 8 days after surgery and every 6-12 months thereafter. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed analysis of possible tumor extension to adjacent structures. Apparent completeness of the surgical removal was determined, and fragments labeled either 'tumor' or 'surrounding pituitary tissue' were submitted to serial sectioning. RESULTS: Immediate control of hypercortisolism was achieved in 43/53 patients (81%). However, later recurrences were observed in five patients (9%). Preoperative MRI showed tumor extension into adjacent structures with good specificity (91%) for prediction of surgical failure. Evidence of local invasion at surgery was also significantly predictive of the long-term outcome. A corticotroph adenoma was found at histological examination in 96% of the patients, and 26% had irregular limits, a feature significantly correlated with a poor outcome. Immediate postoperative plasma cortisol did not allow discrimination between long-term remissions and recurrences. CONCLUSION: Surgical failure was best predicted by signs of tumor 'invasiveness' at MRI, confirmed by peroperative examination and histology.

scholarly journals MRI R2 and R2* mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Wood ◽  
Cathleen Enriquez ◽  
Nilesh Ghugre ◽  
J. Michael Tyzka ◽  
Susan Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Hepatic Iron ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relevant Range ◽  
Hepatic Iron Concentration

Abstract Measurements of hepatic iron concentration (HIC) are important predictors of transfusional iron burden and long-term outcome in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias. The goal of this work was to develop a readily available, noninvasive method for clinical HIC measurement. The relaxation rates R2 (1/T2) and R2* (1/T2*) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have different advantages for HIC estimation. This article compares noninvasive iron estimates using both optimized R2 and R2* methods in 102 patients with iron overload and 13 controls. In the iron-overloaded group, 22 patients had concurrent liver biopsy. R2 and R2* correlated closely with HIC (r2 ≥ .95) for HICs between 1.33 and 32.9 mg/g, but R2 had a curvilinear relationship to HIC. Of importance, the R2 calibration curve was similar to the curve generated by other researchers, despite significant differences in technique and instrumentation. Combined R2 and R2* measurements did not yield more accurate results than either alone. Both R2 and R2* can accurately measure hepatic iron concentration throughout the clinically relevant range of HIC with appropriate MRI acquisition techniques. (Blood. 2005;106:1460-1465)

Current evidence for prenatal and postnatal corticosteroids in preterm infants

2021 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2020-319706
Author(s):  
Eric S Shinwell ◽  
Polina Gurevitz ◽  
Igor Portnov
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Risks

Antenatal corticosteroids undoubtedly save many lives and improve the quality of many others. However, the currently accepted dosage schedule has been in place since 1972, and recent studies have suggested that beneficial effects may be seen with less. Most but not all studies of long-term outcome show no adverse effects. The use of antenatal corticosteroids in women with COVID-19 raises important questions regarding potential risks and benefits. However, currently, most authorities recommend continuing according to published guidelines. With regard to postnatal corticosteroids, alternatives to systemic dexamethasone, the somewhat tainted standard of care, show promise in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia without adverse effects. Systemic hydrocortisone and inhaled corticosteroids are of note. The mixture of surfactant and corticosteroids deserves particular attention in the coming years.

Long-term outcome of treatment with cyclosporine IV for patients with intractable ulcerative colitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A624-A624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J ARTS ◽  
M ZEEGERS ◽  
G DHAENS ◽  
G VANASSCHE ◽  
M HIELE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome
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