scholarly journals Association of Anxiety Awareness with Risk Factors of Cognitive Decline in MCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ariela Gigi ◽  
Merav Papirovitz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Skin Conductivity ◽  
Learning Test

Studies demonstrate that anxiety is a risk factor for cognitive decline. However, there are also study findings regarding anxiety incidence among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which mostly examined general anxiety evaluated by subjective questionnaires. This study aimed to compare subjective and objective anxiety (using autonomic measures) and anxiety as a general tendency and anxiety as a reaction to memory examination. Participants were 50 adults aged 59–82 years who were divided into two groups: MCI group and control group, according to their objective cognitive performance in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Objective changes in the anxiety response were measured by skin conductivity in all tests and questionnaires. To evaluate subjective anxiety as a reaction to memory loss, a questionnaire on “state-anxiety” was used immediately after completing memory tests. Our main finding was that although both healthy and memory-impaired participants exhibited elevations in physiological arousal during the memory test, only healthy participants reported an enhanced state anxiety (p = 0.025). Our results suggest that people with MCI have impaired awareness of their emotional state.

scholarly journals Impact of the Cognitive Status on the Memory Complaints in MS Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Demers ◽  
I. Rouleau ◽  
P. Scherze ◽  
J. Ouellet ◽  
C. Jobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Learning Test

ABSTRACT:Objective:Despite the evidence of cognitive deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, evaluation of their cognitive integrity is often limited to the use of clinical interviews and questionnaires. However, the consensus in the literature is that these patients under- or overestimate their deficits and repercussions. The objective of this study was to clarify why some patients overestimate while others underestimate their memory deficits.Method:Fifty-four participants (30 MS, 24 controls) completed the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and were tested on a battery of neuropsychological tests. Based on the test results, MS patients were categorized as having either mild or moderate/severe cognitive deficits.Results:The moderate/severe MS group differed from the two other groups on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) but did not differ from the control group on the PRMQ. Conversely, the mild MS group did not differ from the control group on the RAVLT but did report significantly more problems than this group on the PRMQ. There was no difference between the two clinical groups on the Depression Index (Beck) but there was a significant correlation (r=.409) between the depression scores and the overestimation of prospective memory problems (PRMQ).Conclusion:The results explain the contradiction in the literature. It is the mild group who overestimates, maybe because they are overly concerned by their deficits, whereas the cognitive impairments of the moderate/severe group lead them to underestimate and may make their self-assessment unreliable. Formal testing or information from a significant other would be advisable.

scholarly journals Cognitive decline affects diabetic women

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Perzyński ◽  
Iwona Chmiel-Perzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractIntroduction: DM provokes peripheral complications and changes in central nervous system. Central changes in the course of diabetes mellitus (DM) include changes in brain tissue structure, electrophysiological abnormalities but also disturbances in neurotransmission leading to cognitive decline.Aim of the study: The aim of our study was to asses cognitive functioning of patients suffering from DM1 for at least 5 years but without any diagnosed complications.Materials and methods: Cognitive functions were assessed in 59 patients (35 men) with Trail Making Test A (TMT A) and B (TMT B), Maze Test (MT), Stroop Test (SCWT) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Mental disorders were excluded with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BT), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and psychiatric examination.Results: We stated that women, compared with men, presented worsening of executive functions, speed and motor control. Cognitive decline depended on number of episodes of at least moderate hypoglycemia and duration of disease. HbA1c below 8% resulted in better memory, speed and motor control. Cognitive decline was more escalated in the patients with atherogenic lipid profile.Conclusions: It seems that even apparent lack of complications is not unambiguous with lack of cognitive decline and women seem to be more susceptible. DM1 affects young individuals, whose cognitive functions are in the course of the development, so it is important to find the underlying mechanisms and the areas of disturbed cognitive functioning and further investigations are needed.

scholarly journals The recency ratio as predictor of early MCI

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Bruno ◽  
Rebecca L. Koscik ◽  
John L. Woodard ◽  
Nunzio Pomara ◽  
Sterling C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Experimental Neuropsychology

ABSTRACTObjectives:Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present poor immediate primacy recall accompanied by intact or exaggerated recency, which then tends to decline after a delay. Bruno et al. (Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Vol. 38, 2016, pp. 967–973) have shown that higher ratio scores between immediate and delayed recency (i.e. the recency ratio; Rr) are associated with cognitive decline in high-functioning older individuals. We tested whether Rr predicted conversion to early mild cognitive impairment (early MCI) from a cognitively healthy baseline.Design:Data were analyzed longitudinally with binomial regression. Baseline scores were used to predict conversion to early MCI after approximately nine years. Setting: Data were collected at the Wisconsin Registry of Alzheimer's Prevention, in Madison, Wisconsin.Participants:For the study, 427 individuals were included in the analysis; all participants were 50 years of age or older and cognitively intact at baseline, and were native English speakers.Measurements:Memory data were collected using the Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and the early MCI diagnosis was obtained via consensus conference.Results:Our results showed that higher Rr scores are correlated with greater risk of later early MCI diagnosis, and this association is independent of total recall performance.Conclusions:Rr is an emerging cognitive marker of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Known-Groups and Convergent Validity of the Telephone Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test total Learning Scores for Distinguishing Between Older Adults With Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Jagtap ◽  
Deirdre R Dawson ◽  
Susan Vandermorris ◽  
Nicole D Anderson ◽  
Naomi Davids-Brumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Total Recall ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Test

Abstract Objective To examine known-groups validity of a telephone administration of the total learning scores of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) in discriminating between people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and convergent validity of the telephone-RAVLT. Method In total, 83 older adults (age = 71.4 ± 7.0) with SCD or aMCI completed the RAVLT learning trials over the telephone and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) in-person. Results Telephone-RAVLT total recall significantly correlated with HVLT total recall (r = .49, p < .001). Significant between group differences were found (effect size = 0.94). Conclusions This study provides support for known-groups and convergent validity of the telephone-RAVLT.

Error Analysis in Neuropsychological Assessment of Verbal Memory and Learning

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Heubrock
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Learning Test

Performance on a German version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) was investigated for 64 juvenile patients who were subdivided in 6 clinical groups. In addition to standard evaluation of AVLT protocols which is usually confined to items recalled correctly, an error analysis was performed. Differentiating between total errors (TE), repetition errors (RE), and misnamings (ME), substantial differences between clinical groups could be demonstrated. It is argued that error analysis of verbal memory and learning enriches the understanding of neuropsychological syndromes, and provides additional information for diagnostic and clinical use. Thus, it is possible to gain a more accurate picture so that patients can be appropriately retrained, and research into the functional causes of memory and learning disorders can be intensified.

scholarly journals Differentiating Functional Cognitive Disorder from Early Neurodegeneration: A Clinic-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Harriet A. Ball ◽  
Marta Swirski ◽  
Margaret Newson ◽  
Elizabeth J. Coulthard ◽  
Catherine M. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Validity Tests

Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) is a relatively common cause of cognitive symptoms, characterised by inconsistency between symptoms and observed or self-reported cognitive functioning. We aimed to improve the clinical characterisation of FCD, in particular its differentiation from early neurodegeneration. Two patient cohorts were recruited from a UK-based tertiary cognitive clinic, diagnosed following clinical assessment, investigation and expert multidisciplinary team review: FCD, (n = 21), and neurodegenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment (nMCI, n = 17). We separately recruited a healthy control group (n = 25). All participants completed an assessment battery including: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B); Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2RF). In comparison to healthy controls, the FCD and nMCI groups were equally impaired on trail making, immediate recall, and recognition tasks; had equally elevated mood symptoms; showed similar aberration on a range of personality measures; and had similar difficulties on inbuilt performance validity tests. However, participants with FCD performed significantly better than nMCI on HVLT-R delayed free recall and retention (regression coefficient −10.34, p = 0.01). Mood, personality and certain cognitive abilities were similarly altered across nMCI and FCD groups. However, those with FCD displayed spared delayed recall and retention, in comparison to impaired immediate recall and recognition. This pattern, which is distinct from that seen in prodromal neurodegeneration, is a marker of internal inconsistency. Differentiating FCD from nMCI is challenging, and the identification of positive neuropsychometric features of FCD is an important contribution to this emerging area of cognitive neurology.

Abstract 035: Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood and Cognitive Functioning 25 Years Later: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P Reis ◽  
Catherine M Loria ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Learning Test

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age is associated with later adulthood cognitive dysfunction; however, the consequences of suboptimal cardiovascular health in young adulthood are unclear. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study is a cohort of white and black men and women who were 18-30 years when a series of health behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose) were measured during a baseline clinic examination in 1985-1986. Included in the current study were 2,577 participants who completed an examination 25 years later when a cognitive battery to assess psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]), executive function (modified Stroop Test), and verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]) were administered. Ideal levels for each behavior and factor were defined according to the 2020 American Heart Association Goals for Cardiovascular Health. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. Results: At baseline, the percentage of participants with 0-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-7 ideal health factors were 1.2%, 7.2%, 19.6%, 34.9%, 29.2%, and 7.8%, respectively. Adjusted mean DSST and RAVLT scores were higher among those with a greater number of ideal health factors ( Table ). Each additional factor at the ideal level was associated with a 0.78-point higher DSST score (95% CI: 0.28 to 1.28) and a 0.13-point higher memory score (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.25). Results did not differ by race or sex (p-interaction > 0.05). The ideal cardiovascular health score was not associated with performance on the Stroop Test. Conclusion: In this population-based sample, ideal cardiovascular health in young adulthood was independently associated with cognitive functioning in midlife. Table. Adjusted * mean (standard error) cognitive function scores at Year 25 by number of ideal health behaviors and factors at baseline: CARDIA (n=2,577). No. of Ideal Health Factors at Baseline (% of population) 0-1 (1.2%) 2 (7.2%) 3 (19.6%) 4 (34.9%) 5 (29.2%) 6-7 (7.8%) p-trend DSST 70.0 (2.5) 65.7 (1.0) 68.7 (0.6) 69.4 (0.5) 70.0 (0.5) 69.9 (1.0) 0.003 Stroop Test 21.5 (1.6) 21.2 (0.6) 21.0 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.4 (0.5) 0.14 RAVLT 7.4 (0.6) 7.6 (0.2) 8.0 (0.1) 8.2 (0.1) 8.3 (0.1) 8.1 (0.2) 0.02 * Adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. DSST=Digit Symbol Substitution Test; RAVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

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