scholarly journals Victims of War: Dehydroepiandrosterone Concentrations in Hair and Their Associations with Trauma Sequelae in Palestinian Adolescents Living in the West Bank

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Schindler ◽  
Mohammed Shaheen ◽  
Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy ◽  
Kifah Bani Odeh ◽  
Sophia-Helen Sass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Trauma Sequelae

Due to its anti-glucocorticoid properties, the steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) might play a role for coping with traumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The majority of studies report elevated DHEA secretion and decreased cortisol/DHEA ratio associated with traumatic stress, however, contrasting results have also been published. One reason for this heterogeneity might be that in past studies, DHEA has been measured in plasma or saliva samples reflecting acute hormone levels. In comparison, the current study assessed the hair levels of DHEA and cortisol as long-term markers along with self-reported data on psychopathology and coping in 92 female adolescents aged 11–16 from the West Bank affected by the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Results showed that trauma-exposed individuals had significantly higher DHEA levels (p = 0.013) and lower cortisol/DHEA ratios (p = 0.036) than participants from the non-trauma group. Furthermore, DHEA and cortisol/DHEA ratio emerged as associated with trauma load and timing, but not with coping. By applying the novel method of DHEA analysis from hair samples, this study adds to the growing literature on the interplay of DHEA, cortisol, traumatic stress and coping, and provides valuable starting points for further research.

scholarly journals After ‘Security First’: An Analysis of Security Transition and ‘Statebuilding’ in the West Bank 2007-11

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Leech
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Palestinian Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Popular Consent

The Palestinian Authority’s (PA) imposition of order after the end of the al-Aqsa Intifada has been generally interpreted as a success. Not only did the PA consolidate its power in the West Bank and restore good relations with Israel and the West, it also appeared to obtain popular legitimacy by cracking down on its political opponents. This paper discusses the impact of the PA’s imposition of order in Nablus, a town which had endured lawlessness and disorder under an Israeli siege (2001-7) and had been the focus of the PA’s security agenda. It argues that, though the PA’s security agenda initially enjoyed popular consent, this does not demonstrate public endorsement of the PA’s legitimacy. Rather the consent that such measures produced was superficial and, in the long term, the acceleration of the PA’s shift towards authoritarianism is likely to be profoundly debilitating for Palestinian society in general. 

Israeli coalition will prove unstable in the long term

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Way

Significance It requires new legislation and changes to existing laws to establish and run the new government, including a mechanism to rotate the premiership between the pair. Many of the stipulations aim to provide guarantees, given the imbalance of power between Netanyahu and Gantz in the legislature, with the latter having split his own party by entering unity negotiations. Impacts The agreement paves the way for annexations of areas of the West Bank from July. The deal may yet be scuppered, and fresh elections called, if Netanyahu is forced from office because of his criminal indictments. Breaking conventions to offer key committee posts to the opposition may become contentious once the health crisis passes.

Natural Disaster and Crisis: Lessons Learned about Cleft and Craniofacial Care from Hurricane Katrina and the West Bank

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Van Aalst ◽  
Ronald P. Strauss ◽  
Lynn Fox ◽  
Cynthia H. Cassell ◽  
Margot Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
The West ◽  
The Impact

Cleft care is generally characterized by staged, carefully timed surgeries and long-term, team-centered follow-up. Acute and chronic crises can wreak havoc on the comprehensive team care required by children with craniofacial anomalies. In addition, there is evidence that crises, including natural disasters and chronic disruptions, such as political turmoil and poverty, can lead to an increased incidence of craniofacial anomalies. The purpose of this article is to delineate the impact of acute and chronic crises on cleft care. Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 2005, resulted in an acute crisis that temporarily disrupted the infrastructure necessary to deliver cleft care; chronic turmoil in the West Bank/Palestine has resulted in an absence of infrastructure to deliver cleft care. Through these central examples, this article will illustrate—through the prism of cleft care—the need for (1) disaster preparedness for acute crises, (2) changing needs following acute crises that may lead to persistent chronic disruption, and (3) baseline and long-term monitoring of population changes after a disaster has disrupted a health care delivery system.

scholarly journals Osadnictwo żydowskie w kontekście konfliktu izraelsko‑palestyńskiego

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
State Of Israel

Osadnictwo żydowskie jest jednym z najważniejszych elementów wieloletnich sprzeczności między Izraelem i Palestyną. Ponadto problematyczny pozostaje tutaj status prawny osiedli. Wciąż trwa dyskusja nad tym, czy kolonie założone na Zachodnim Brzegu Jordanu są legalne, czy wręcz przeciwnie. Celem niniejszego tekstu będzie zbadanie znaczenia osadnictwa żydowskiego w kontekście konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego oraz próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak wysoko w hierarchii priorytetów państwa sytuuje się osadnictwo żydowskie. W treści tego artykułu poruszane są takie kwestie jak mur bezpieczeństwa wraz z jego funkcjami i konsekwencjami dla Palestyńczyków, kwestia administracji Zachodniego Brzegu Jordanu oraz studium przypadku opisujące przykład Kfar Etzion i Sheikh Jarrah. Jewish settlements in the context of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict Jewish settlement is one of the most important elements of the long – term contradictions between Israel and Palestine. Moreover, the legal status of the outposts is problematical. The main objective of this text is analysis the significance of Jewish settlement in the context of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict and to try to answer the question how high in the hierarchy of the State of Israel priorities is the Jewish settlement. In a content of this article there such matters as security wall with its functions and consequences for Palestinians in the context of Jewish settlements, issue of an administration of the West Bank and the case study describes example of the Kfar Etzion and Sheikh Jarrah.

scholarly journals Novel method for determining <sup>234</sup>U–<sup>238</sup>U ages of Devils Hole 2 cave calcite (Nevada)

Geochronology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Xianglei Li ◽  
Kathleen A. Wendt ◽  
Yuri Dublyansky ◽  
Gina E. Moseley ◽  
Christoph Spötl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Devils Hole ◽  
Calcite Deposition ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Multi Linear Regression ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

Abstract. Uranium–uranium (234U–238U) disequilibrium dating can determine the age of secondary carbonates over greater time intervals than the well-established 230Th–234U dating method. Yet it is rarely applied due to unknowns in the initial δ234U (δ234Ui) value, which result in significant age uncertainties. In order to understand the δ234Ui in Devils Hole 2 cave, Nevada, we have determined 110 δ234Ui values from phreatic calcite using 230Th–234U disequilibrium dating. The sampled calcite was deposited in Devils Hole 2 between 4 and 590 ka, providing a long-term look at δ234Ui variability over time. We then performed multi-linear regression among the δ234Ui values and correlative δ18O and δ13C values. The regression can be used to estimate the δ234Ui value of Devils Hole calcite based upon its measured δ18O and δ13C values. Using this approach and the measured present-day δ234U values of Devils Hole 2 calcite, we calculated 110 independent 234U–238U ages. In addition, we used newly measured δ18O, δ13C, and present-day δ234U values to calculate 10 234U–238U ages that range between 676 and 731 ka, thus allowing us to extend the Devils Hole chronology beyond the 230Th–234U-dated chronology while maintaining an age precision of ∼ 2 %. Our results indicate that calcite deposition at Devils Hole 2 cave began no later than 736 ± 11 kyr ago. The novel method presented here may be applied to future speleothem studies in similar hydrogeological settings, given appropriate calibration studies.

scholarly journals Novel Method to Remove Bilirubin from the Blood of Jaundiced Rats: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Hong-Fan Ding ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
Jia-Wei Yu ◽  
Lu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Serum Transaminase ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Novel Method

Abstract BACKGROUND The removal of bilirubin from serum is the primary method for treating hyperbilirubinemia. However, currently used treatment methods have several limitations.AIMTo introduce a novel method to remove bilirubin from the blood of jaundiced rats.METHODS This novel therapy involved cross-circulation of blood between a rat liver preserved in vitro and a rat with hyperbilirubinemia. The liver was perfused with blood from the model animal, resulting in the clearance of serum bilirubin. Twenty rats with jaundice caused by acute liver failure induced using D-galactosamine were treated. All model animals were randomly divided into two groups based on whether they received the novel therapy. Serum samples were collected before modelling, at the beginning of treatment, and 2 hours after treatment. The levels of serum transaminase and bilirubin were detected and compared between different time points. Histological examination of the liver in vitro was also performed after the treatment. Long-term survival was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis between rats who did and did not receive the novel treatment.RESULTSIn vitro, the liver could be perfused with the blood from the model animal through the portal vein. The bile produced by the liver after 1 hour of therapy was darker than the bile produced while harvesting. Across different hyperbilirubinemia models, serum total bilirubin level was significantly improved (24.8 ± 1.2 vs. 17.4 ± 1.2 μmol/L, P<0.05), despite a rise serum transaminase levels after treatment (AST: 4612 ± 382 vs. 5144 ± 390 U/L, P＞0.05; ALT: 5051 ± 722 vs. 5488 ± 707 U/L, P＜0.05). No necrosis was found in the preserved liver tissue after treatment, and the hepatic lobule structure was normal. Hepatocyte necrosis was not found on histological examination. This novel treatment significantly raised the long-term survival rates of jaundiced rats (P <0.05).CONCLUSIONThis novel method could safely and effectively help eliminate bilirubin from the blood of jaundiced rats.

Coping with the threat of place disruption by long-term Jewish settlers on the West Bank

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaya Possick
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
The West ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
Social Work Interventions

English This article presents a qualitative analysis of place disruption as experienced by settlers on the West Bank during the Oslo peace process. The findings demonstrate that place ideology develops and persists as a response to stress. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of addressing ideological issues in social work interventions. French Cet article présente une analyse qualitative de l'expérience des colons juifs établis dans 'the West Bank', vivant sous la menace d'une relocalisation pendant le processus de paix d'Oslo. Les résultats révèlent qu'une idéalisation d'un lieu se développe de faµon persistante en réponse au stress. L'article en vient à la conclusion qu'il est important de traiter les idéalisations en intervention sociale. Spanish Se presenta un análisis cualitativo del desplazamiento experimentado por los colonos establecidos en el West Bank durante el Proceso de Paz de Oslo. Se demuestra que una respuesta al estrés es el desarrollo y persistencia de una ideología de lugar. Se concluye que es importante para el trabajo social intervenir en asuntos ideológicos.

The Palestinian Uprising and Education for the Future

1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Mahshi ◽  
Kim Bush
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
Present System ◽  
The West ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Education ◽  
Building Process ◽  
West Bank And Gaza ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Israeli Occupation

From the time of the Ottoman Turks, Palestinians have been educated under systems imposed by outsiders. Since the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, the situation has been exacerbated by the combination of an Israeli civil and military authority and a Jordanian curriculum. The intifadeh (uprising), which began in December 1987 and continues today, has challenged the Israeli occupation and all its institutions. All educational establishments have been subject to frequent closures by military authorities, forcing Palestinians to reexamine their present system of education, and to look for both short- and long-term alternatives. Khalil Mahshi and Kim Bush review the current educational system in the West Bank and Gaza, and analyze the intifadeh as a catalyst for educational change. They examine informal, community-based education; alternative modes of instruction designed to bypass closures but still using the existing system and textbooks; and long-term planning as part of the nation-building process. They argue that the intifadeh has created a giant educational laboratory, which challenges conservative educators to start afresh. They restate that challenge clearly, encouraging debate among educators in Palestine and in the international educational community.

Jewels of the Occupation: Gold Wedding Jewelry in the West Bank

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Elena N. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
The West ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Gold Jewelry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Term Impact

This article examines the social role and broader cultural meanings of gold jewelry used in Muslim weddings in the West Bank---"marriage jewelry" that by right belongs exclusively to the woman and whose socio-symbolic value extends far beyond its market value. Through interviews with muftis, gold dealers, and especially Palestinian women, the article explores the unwritten "rules" governing marriage jewelry's exchange, and how these rules are affected in a context of occupation and economic hardship. In particular, the author discusses the relatively new phenomenon of imitation (or "virtual") gold jewelry for public display in wedding rites, exploring the new rules growing up around it and speculating on its long-term impact on entrenched traditions.

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