scholarly journals Fine Motor Precision Tasks: Sex Differences in Performance with and without Visual Guidance across Different Age Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Liudmila Liutsko ◽  
Ruben Muiños ◽  
Josep Maria Tous Ral ◽  
María José Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Manova Analysis ◽  
Sensory Condition

Previous studies have reported certain sex differences in motor performance precision. The aim of the present study was to analyze sex differences in fine motor precision performance for both hands under different test conditions. Fine motor tasks were performed by 220 Spanish participants (ages: 12–95), tracing over the provided models – lines of 40 mm for both hands, two sensory conditions (PV—proprioceptive-visual; P—proprioceptive only) and three movement types (F—frontal, T—transversal, and S—sagittal). Differences in line length (the task focused on precision) were observed through MANOVA analysis for all test conditions, both sexes and different age groups. Sex differences in precision were observed in F and T movement types (statistically significance level and higher Cohens’ d were observed in condition with vision). No statistically significant differences were observed for both hands and sensory conditions in sagittal movement. Sex differences in fine motor precision were more frequently observed in the PV sensory condition in frontal movement and less in sagittal movement.

scholarly journals Fine Motor Precision Tasks: Sex Differences in Performance with and without Visual Guidance across Different Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Liutsko ◽  
Ruben Muinos ◽  
Josep Maria Tous Ral ◽  
María José Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Movement Type ◽  
Manova Analysis ◽  
Sensory Condition

Previous studies have reported certain sex differences in motor performance precision. The aim of the present study was to analyse sex differences in fine motor precision performance for both hands in different tests conditions. 220 Spanish participants (ages: 12-95) performed fine motor tasks - tracing over the provided models – lines of 40 mm for both hands, two sensory conditions (PV – proprioceptive-visual; P – proprioceptive only) and three movement types (F – frontal, T – transversal and S - Sagittal). Differences in line length (the task focused on precision) were observed through MANOVA analysis for all test conditions, both sexes and different age groups. Sex differences in precision were observed in F and T movement types (statistically significance level and higher Cohens’ d was observed in condition with vision). No any statistically significant differences were observed in both hands and sensory conditions in sagittal type. Sex differences in fine motor precision were more frequently observed in the PV sensory condition in the frontal movement type and less in the sagittal one.

scholarly journals Hand’s Asymmetries in Fine Motor Precision and Speed Performance in Different Age Groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Liutsko ◽  
R Muiños ◽  
J Maria Tous-Ral
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Ageing Processes ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Movement Type

Rose (1970) showed that women had more symmetrical precision in movements in hands, whereas men performed more asymmetrically (with dominance for right hand). These findings were congruent with Ananiev’s (1968) scheme differentiated for sexes, in which for men there was a need for use of additional adaptive mechanisms (asymmetry) whereas women passed with basic ones (symmetry). Our study aimedto check the hands symmetry/asymmetry and correlations in fine motor precision and speed in both sexes and how they change in different age groups. The results of our study showed that the highest asymmetry in fine motor precision was related (for both sex groups and among all movement types) to the developmental periodof life (12-17 years old) followed by group age of 64-95 due to ageing processes. In our study women performed with less asymmetry between both hands for majority of observable variables compared to men in all age groups. The highest frequency of asymmetrical performance in fine motor precision for both sexes was observed in the Frontal movement type, followed by the Transversal, and least, in the Sagittal. For the speed performance, the highest frequency of asymmetrical performance was shown in the Transversal movement type. Keywords: fine motor precision; speed; sex differences; age-depended differences; Proprioceptive diagnostics; M.K.P.

Effects of Family Density and Mothers' Education on Preschoolers' Motor Skills

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avram H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Maternal Schooling

Individual comparisons were used in an epidemiological framework to determine the effects of two neighborhoods, family density, and mother's education on 58 ethnically varied 3-yr.-olds in Israel. Measures included verbal IQ, gross motor skills, and fine motor skills. Significant sex differences were found in that high densities and low maternal schooling alone and in interaction related to poor motor performance for the boys. It was suggested that mothers who have at least finished primary school may act to neutralize the detrimental effects of a crowded home. Fathers' income and occupation were little associated with crowding and this seemed to reflect greater economic homogeneity within this Israeli sample.

scholarly journals The Effect of Red and Blue on Gross and Fine Motor Tasks: Confirming the Inverted-U Hypothesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Hong ◽  
Aiai Xu ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Lu Geng ◽  
Rong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Better Than

Previous studies have shown that the color red can affect basic motor functioning. However, these studies utilized simple gross motor tasks rather than those assessing complex fine motor skills. Moreover, these empirical studies were theoretically based on the threat–behavior link in human and non-human animals, and neglected the relationship between arousal and motor performance. According to the Yerkes–Dodson law and the inverted-U hypothesis in sport psychology, for simple motor tasks, high arousal (associated with the color red) is more advantageous than low arousal (associated with the color blue); for complex motor tasks, low arousal (blue color) is more advantageous than high arousal (red color). The current research examined the effect of color on different kinds of motor skills (fine motor and gross motor) based on the inverted U-hypothesis. In Experiment 1, we examined the effect of red and blue on dart-throwing performance, whereas in Experiment 2, we examined the effect of red and blue on grip strength performance. The results showed that performance of fine motor skill (dart-throwing) in the blue condition was better than in the red condition, and performance of gross motor skill (handgrip) in the red context was better than in the blue context. These results indicate that the type of motor skill assessed moderates the influence of red and blue on motor performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of dual task (fine motor precision + cognitive charge) on proprioception

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Liudmila Liutsko ◽  
Jose Maria Tous ◽  
Sergi Segura
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Given

The aim of the given preliminary study was to check whether any changes in fi ne motor behaviour exist in switching from single to double task (with cognition charge) in proprioceptive sensory graphomotor test conditions. Ten students (fi ve males and fi ve females), aged from 20 to 30 years old, took part in the experiment - precision of tracking of the models in both experimental test conditions: without and with cognitive task (counting numbers back). The variables for assessment were obtained with use of the digitalized proprioceptive diagnostics (Tous, 2008; Tous, J.M., Muiños, Tous, O., & Tous J, 2012) of Mira y Lopez laboratory (University of Barcelona) that transformed the measurements of drawn lines on a touch screen from pixels into millimetres. As results showed, in the proprioceptive test condition, the changes in deviations related to spatial (lineograms) or line length variability (parallels) did not reach any statistical signifi cance; while the changes in line length performance (lineograms) were found signifi cant (that corresponds to inhibition- -excitatory balance of nervous system).

Validation of a Testbed as a Screening Tool for Telepresence Systems in Terms of Fine-Motor Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Lena Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Space Suits ◽  
Restricted Mobility ◽  
Fine Motor Performance

Telepresence systems have the potential to assume an important role in on-orbit servicing scenarios. Compared to manned missions, these systems offer a safer and less expensive way to operate in outer space. One of the main goals of telepresence research is to determine whether immersive telepresence systems are able to achieve a level of efficiency which is equal to that of astronauts in tasks that require fine motor movement and dexterity. In addressing this question, it is of relevance that astronauts' fine-motor skills are restricted by a range of factors including weightlessness and space suits. In order to compare in future studies the efficiency of a telepresence system and suited astronauts in performing fine-motor tasks, a testbed was developed with typical on-orbit servicing tasks which were designed to guarantee maximum external validity. An experimental study showed that the testbed is a valid measure of fine-motor skills. Two follow-up studies examined the potentially debilitating influence of a range of factors on fine-motor performance in extravehicular activities, such as a restricted field of view, a destabilized body posture, restricted mobility, and reduced haptic feedback. The results of these studies offer a basis for comparisons between the performance of common extravehicular activities and telepresence systems on fine-motor tasks.

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

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