scholarly journals Fire Spread Characteristics of Metal-Polyethylene Sandwich Panels

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Ru Zhou ◽  
Zhihao Chen ◽  
Yinke Fan ◽  
Zhengjiang Yu ◽  
Jianan Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Pulsation Frequency ◽  
Spread Rate

An experimental study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the flame spread and droplets of metal-polyethylene (PE) sandwich panels during combustion. The mass-loss rate, average flame height, temperature, and fire spread rate were investigated. The results showed that the fire spread rate, mass change of the droplets, average flame height, and temperature increased with an increase in the sample length, except for the mass loss rate of the 40 cm-long sample. The time interval between the droplets decreased, and the flame pulsation frequency increased. The relationship between the flame height and sample length was determined. During the combustion process, bending deformation and top flame phenomena occurred due to the shrinkage of the PE, which increased the fire risk. The distance between the outer surface of the expanded metal aluminum layer and the insulation panel increased with an increase in the panel length. A schematic diagram of the fire spread of the metal sandwich panel was established based on the observations and theoretical analysis. The mechanism and combustion behavior of the metal sandwich panels were determined to provide references for the construction of metal sandwich panels of exterior walls.

Effect of Sample Width on Downward Flame Spread over Typical Energy Conservation Material at a High Elevation Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guang An ◽  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Jin Hua Sun ◽  
K.M. Liew
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Spread ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Flame Spread Rate ◽  
Sample Width ◽  
Downward Flame Spread

An experimental study on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam at a high elevation is presented. The flame shape, flame height, mass loss rate and flame spread rate were measured. The influences of width and high altitude were investigated. The flame fronts are approximately horizontal. Both the intensity of flame pulsation and the average flame height increase with the rise of sample width. The flame spread rate first drops and then rises with an increase in width. The average flame height, mass loss rate and flame spread rate at the higher elevation is smaller than that at a low elevation, which demonstrates that the XPS fire risk at the higher elevation area is lower. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis. This work is vital to the fire safety design of building energy conservation system.

Effect of Sample Width on Characteristics of Flame Spread across Eucalyptus Wood Surface

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 767-770
Author(s):  
Gui Hong Wu ◽  
Yi Qiang Wu ◽  
Yun Chu Hu ◽  
Xiao Dan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Spread ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Flame Spread Rate ◽  
Sample Width ◽  
The Relationship

To study the effect of sample width on flame spread characteristics, a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted employing eucalyptus wood with width from 3 to 7 cm. Flame dimension, flame spread rate and mass loss rate were obtained. The relationship between these flame spread characteristics and sample width was explored. Both the dimensionless average flame height and depth vary as the-n power of sample width. With the increase of sample width, both the flame spread rate and mass loss rate first decrease and then rise. The minimum values appear when sample width measures 6 cm.

Experimental Study on Downward Flame Spread across XPS Surface

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
Wei Guang An ◽  
Hua Hua Xiao ◽  
Jin Hua Sun ◽  
Wei Gang Yan ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Spread ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Flame Spread Rate ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Exponential Change ◽  
Downward Flame Spread

To study downward flame spread across XPS surface, a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted. Typical flame spread characteristics were obtained. The flame spread process comprises four stages. There are twice accelerations during flame spread. The influence of maximum flame height on flame spread rate is not significant. The predicted flame spread rate utilizing mass loss rate is lower than the measured value. Three stages: increasing stage, stable stage and decreasing stage are observed in both change of maximum flame height and flame area. The changing trend of mass loss rate is similar to that of maximum flame height. For stage 1 and stage 3, exponential change of mass loss rate with time is found. The mass loss rate is constant for stage 2. The heat flux to the preheating zone is higher than that to surrounding environment. Experimental results agree well with theoretical analysis.

scholarly journals Spectral analysis of LBV stars in M31: AF And and Var 15

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S307) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
A. F. Valeev ◽  
O. Sholukhova ◽  
S. Fabrika
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Escape Velocity ◽  
Bona Fide

AbstractWe study spectra of two bona fide LBV stars in M31: AF And and Var 15. The spectra were obtained with the 6-m telescope (Russia) from 2005 to 2012. The model spectra were calculated with the CMFGEN code. We have not found strong changes in the spectra of the LBV stars in that time interval, however a certain variability has been detected. We estimate the star and wind parameters, such as luminosity, temperature, raduis, mass loss rate, escape velocity, hydrogen content, and reddening. We study the stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and find their initial masses using evolutionary tracks by Meynet et al. (1994).

Experimental investigation of fire propagation in single live shrubs

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Shankar Mahalingam ◽  
David R. Weise
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Maximum Mass ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Maximum Mass Loss

This work focuses broadly on individual, live shrubs and, more specifically, it examines bulk density in chaparral and its combined effects with wind and ignition location on the resulting fire behaviour. Empirical functions to predict bulk density as a function of height for 4-year-old chaparral were developed for two typical species of shrub fuels in southern California, USA, namely chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook & Arn.) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp. Adans.). Fuel beds of chamise foliage and small-diameter branches were burned in an open-topped wind tunnel. Three levels of bulk density, two ignition locations and two wind speeds were examined, focusing on overall fire behaviour. Mean maximum mass loss rate, elapsed time at which maximum mass loss rate occurred, flame height, flame angle, peak gas temperature and its peak change rate were measured. The mean maximum mass loss rate was not significantly affected by wind speed, ignition location, bulk density or moisture content. Both wind speed and ignition location significantly affected the time that maximum mass loss rate occurred. Only wind speed affected flame height and flame angle. The peak gas temperature within the shrub burning area was found to be mostly affected by the bulk density.

Evolution of pool fire plume characteristics during the depressurization process of an aircraft cargo compartment

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Li ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Yina Yao ◽  
Zhenxiang Tao ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Centerline Temperature ◽  
Ventilation Factor

This article presents an experimental investigation on the pool fire plume characteristics in a full-scale depressurized aircraft cargo compartment. The effects of decreasing pressure and vent flow rate on the fire characteristics such as flame shape, flame puffing, flame height, and centerline temperature were analyzed. The results show that during the depressurization process, the ventilation had an activation effect on the mass loss rate, and its increment had a linear relationship with the dimensionless ventilation factor. In addition, the larger depressurized rate caused the larger dimensionless ventilation factor and further resulted in the larger increment of mass loss rate. The flame puffing frequency was determined by the ratio of the gas density in the flame area of that in the ambient air, which increased with the drop of pressure. For flame centerline temperature, there was a counteraction area in the flame intermittent region, where the centerline temperature had almost no difference before and after the depressurization. The conclusions could provide the theoretical base and reference materials for the fire disaster in the cargo compartment of real aircrafts.

The Mass Loss Rate of a Candle during Burning

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
Ján Kral
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Time Period

The presented article deals with setting the effect of paraffin candles and thickness of their wick on the speed of candle weight loss. The paraffin candles with gauge of 1.8 to 6.8 cm and wick thickness of 1.5 to 3 mm were subjected to the test. The test procedure was based on setting the tested candles on a digital scales with resolution of 0,001 g in a digestor during time period of 20 minutes and the subsequent recording of the weight in time interval 5 s during 20 minutes. The obtained results show that the rate of burning candles increases with increasing the thickness and the diameter of the wick. Maximum rate of weight loss (0.1305 g/min) was achieved by the candle with diameter of 6.8 cm and thickness of 3 mm wick. Minimum rate of weight loss (0085 g / min) reached a candle with a diameter of 1.8 cm and a thickness of 1.5 mm wick.

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