Suppression of spin rectification effects in spin pumping experiments

Spin pumping (SP) is a well-established method to generate pure spin currents allowing efficient spin injection into metals and semiconductors avoiding the problem of impedance mismatch. However, to disentangle pure spin currents from parasitic effects due to spin rectification effects (SRE) is a difficult task that is seriously hampering further developments. Here we propose a simple method that allows suppressing SRE contribution to inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) voltage signal avoiding long and tedious angle-dependent measurements. We show an experimental study in the well-known Py/Pt system by using a coplanar waveguide (CPW). Results obtained demonstrate that the sign and size of the measured transverse voltage signal depends on the width of the sample along the CPW active line. A progressive reduction of this width evidences that SRE contribution to the measured transverse voltage signal becomes negligibly small for sample width below 200 μm. A numerical solution of the Maxwell equations in the CPW-sample setup, by using the Landau-Lifshitz equation with the Gilbert damping term (LLG) as the constitutive equation of the media, and with the proper set of boundary conditions, confirms the obtained experimental results.

Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds

Dual phase steels combine very good corrosion resistance with relatively high values of mechanical properties. In addition, they can maintain good plastic properties and toughness at both room temperature and lower temperatures as well. Despite all the advantages mentioned above, their utility properties can be reduced by technological processing, especially by the application of the temperature cycles. As a result, in the material remain residual stresses with local stress peaks, which are quite problematic especially during cyclic loading. Moreover, determining the level and especially the distribution of such residual stresses is very difficult for duplex steels both due to the structure duality and in light of the very small width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This is why the paper presents the possibilities of using physical simulations to study the effect of temperature cycles in residual stresses’ magnitude and distribution, where it is possible to study the HAZ in more detail as well as on a much larger sample width due to the utilization of special samples. In the thermal–mechanical simulator Gleeble 3500, temperature-stress cycles were applied to testing samples, generating stress fields with local peaks in the testing samples. In addition, the supplied steel X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 had different phase rations in the individual directions. Therefore, as the residual stresses were measured in several directions and at the same time, it was possible to safely confirm the suitability of the used measurement method. Moreover, the effect of the stress and strain on the change of partial phases’ ratios was observed. It has been experimentally confirmed that annealing temperatures of at least 700 °C are required to eliminate local stress peaks after welding. However, an annealing temperature of 550 °C seems to be optimal to maintain sufficient mechanical properties.

PENGARUH KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN DAN SHARED VALUE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP NIAT BELI ULANG KFC INDONESIA

Permasalahan lingkungan menjadi masalah yang sulit untuk dipecahkan, Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penyumbang sampah plastik di lautan terbesar kedua dunia. Sebagian besar sampah tersebut berasal dari sedotan plastik sekali pakai. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan masyarakat khawatir sehingga beralih ke produk atau layanan yang perusahaannya bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan. KFC merupakan perusahaan restoran cepat saji yang melakukan kegiatan CSR dengan mengadakan gerakan #nostrawmovement. Kegiatan ini bertujuan membangun kesadaran masyarakat terhadap bahaya sampah sedotan plastik sekali pakai. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian kausalitas untuk menentukan pengaruh kesadaran lingkungan dan shared value corporate social responsibility terhadap niat beli ulang KFC (Studi pada KFC Indonesia). Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan judgmental sampling dengan ukuran sampel 200 responden yang merupakan konsumen KFC. Yaitu, Konsumen KFC yang pernah membeli minimal 2 kali. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh antara kesadaran lingkungan terhadap niat beli ulang KFC dan ada pengaruh signifikan positif antara shared value corporate social responsibility terhadap niat beli ulang KFC. Litter is an endless environmental issue that puzzled the mind, with that being said Indonesia is however still manage to put salt on the wound by contributing as second largest plasticbased garbage producer in the world. Most of those plastic outcast were plastic straw disposable. This situation naturally motivate environmental-caring consumer to turn their back to those of environmentally careless service provider and put their attention only for companies and businesses with a correct manner of responsibility to the environmental impact. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a fast food restoran performing a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program called #nostrawmovement to educate the public about the menace of non-reusing plastic straw behavior, thus expected to encourage them to did not use plastic straw anymore.This work present a quantitative study with causality study by design to determine the relationship between environmental awareness alongside shared value corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to repurchase intentions of KFC (a study of KFC Indonesia). The sampling method that deployed in this work is judgmental sampling with sample width of 200 respondent KFC’s consumer. All the respondents at least buy the KFC’s product twice. The result of this study showed that there is no connection between environmental awareness and buy back willingness of KFC’s product, and also there is a significant positive leverage from Shared Value corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to repurchase intention of KFC’s product.

Баллистическое течение двумерных электронов в магнитном поле

In conductors with a very small density of defects, electrons at low temperatures collide predominantly with a sample edges. Therefore, the ballistic regime of charge and heat transport is realized. The application of a perpendicular magnetic field substantially modifies the character of ballistic transport. For the case of two-dimensional (2D) electrons in the magnetic fields corresponding to the diameter of the cyclotron trajectories smaller than the sample width a hydrodynamic transport regime is formed. In the latter regime, the flow is mainly controlled by rare electron–electron collisions, which determine the viscosity effect. In this work, we study the ballistic flow of 2D electrons in long samples in magnetic fields up to the critical field of the transition to the hydrodynamic regime. From solution of the kinetic equation, we obtain analytical formulas for the profiles of the current density and the Hall electric field far and near the ballistic-hydrodynamic transition as well as for the longitudinal and Hall resistances in these ranges. Our theoretical results, apparently, describe the observed longitudinal resistance of pure graphene samples in the diapason of magnetic fields below the ballistic-hydrodynamic transition.

VLSI Implementation of LFA based Median Filter with Noise Detection Architecture for EMG Denoising

Noise Reduction with less computational time and resources of the signal is a major requirement in signal processing. In the real-world scenario, Electromyography (EMG) signals often affect by various noises. The EMG signal requires noise reduction to obtain an accurate diagnosis process. In this study, Ladner-Fischer Adder (LFA) based Median Filter (MF) architecture is used to remove the noise from the EMG signal. The noise evaluation process is included in this proposed method to eliminate the flicker noise from the signal. The proposed LFA-MF method is simulated in the Cadence RTL compiler and Xilinx tool to evaluate the performance in terms of power, delay and Look Up Table (LUT). The objective of this work is to design the noise detection structure to avoid the denoising process for all the samples. This helps to reduce the hardware resources of the entire median filter architecture. The simulation result of LFA-MF architecture showed that it has lower power consumption and delay in noise reduction. The LFA-MF architecture has a power consumption of 1006548 nW in 16-bit sample width, while the existing method has 1537940 nW power consumption.

Ultra-fast kinematic vortices in mesoscopic superconductors: the effect of the self-field

Within the framework of the generalized time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations, we studied the influence of the magnetic self-field induced by the currents inside a superconducting sample driven by an applied transport current. The numerical simulations of the resistive state of the system show that neither material inhomogeneity nor a normal contact smaller than the sample width are required to produce an inhomogeneous current distribution inside the sample, which leads to the emergence of a kinematic vortex–antivortex pair (vortex street) solution. Further, we discuss the behaviors of the kinematic vortex velocity, the annihilation rates of the supercurrent, and the superconducting order parameters alongside the vortex street solution. We prove that these two latter points explain the characteristics of the resistive state of the system. They are the fundamental basis to describe the peak of the current–resistance characteristic curve and the location where the vortex–antivortex pair is formed.

Damage detection and localisation of CMCs by means of electrical health monitoring

Carbon-based composites such as C/C-SiC are used in thermal protection systems for atmospheric re-entry. The electrical properties of this semiconductor material can be used for health monitoring, as electrical resistivity changes with damage, strain, and temperature. In this work, electrical resistance measurements are used to detect damage in a thermal protection system made of C/C-SiC. This can be done in-situ. Damage experiments with $$320\,\hbox {mm}\,\times \,120\,\hbox {mm}\,\times \,3\hbox { mm}$$ 320 mm × 120 mm × 3 mm panel shaped samples were conducted with a multiplexer switching unit to determine up to 288 electrical resistance and voltage measurements per cycle time and spatially resolved. The change in resistance is an indicator for damage, and with the use of post-processing algorithms, the location of the damage can be determined. With these data, inhomogeneous temperatures can be accorded for and damage can be detected. This method reacts even to small damages where less than 0.02% of the monitored surface is damaged. A localisation with a deviation from the real defect of less than 8% in sample width and 17% in sample length is presented.

h/e oscillations in interlayer transport of delafossites

Microstructures can be carefully designed to reveal the quantum phase of the wave-like nature of electrons in a metal. Here, we report phase-coherent oscillations of out-of-plane magnetoresistance in the layered delafossites PdCoO2 and PtCoO2. The oscillation period is equivalent to that determined by the magnetic flux quantum, h/e, threading an area defined by the atomic interlayer separation and the sample width, where h is Planck’s constant and e is the charge of an electron. The phase of the electron wave function appears robust over length scales exceeding 10 micrometers and persisting up to temperatures of T > 50 kelvin. We show that the experimental signal stems from a periodic field modulation of the out-of-plane hopping. These results demonstrate extraordinary single-particle quantum coherence lengths in delafossites.