Perintisan Wirausaha Produksi Asap Cair di SMKN 3 Banjarbaru

Ahmad Budi Junaidi1, Abdullah2, Sunardi*3, Rahmat Yunus41,2,3,4Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru*e-mail: [email protected]: 31 Mei 2021/ Accepted: 16 Juni 2021 Abstract The aim of this program is to train students about liquid smoke production so the students have entrepreneur skill and to be more creative, innovative and independent and to build their own business. The activity of making liquid smoke is carried out offline with the participants being teachers, technicians, and students. Furthermore, assistance is carried out in the packaging and marketing activities of liquid smoke. From this community service activity, school students were inspired and began to produce liquid smoke and market it, while for the service team, this activity was a means of transferring knowledge and technology as the implementation of the three main duties of Higher Education. Keywords: liquid smoke; community service; enterpreneur Abstrak Tujuan pelatihan ini adalah untuk membekali peserta didik agar memiliki pengetahuan dan ketrampilan berwirausaha dalam bidang produksi asap cair sehingga diharapkan peserta didik terdorong untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif serta mandiri untuk berani dan tergerak membangun usaha sendiri. Kegiatan pembuatan asap cair dilakukan secara luring dengan peserta pelatihan adalah guru dan teknisi sekolah, dan siswa. Selanjutnya dilakukan pendampingan pada kegiatan pengemasan dan pemasaran asap cair. Dari kegiatan pengabdian ini, siswa sekolah terinspirasi dan mulai memproduksi asap cair dan memasarkannya, sedangkan untuk tim pengabdi, kegiatan ini merupakan sarana tranfer ilmu dan teknologi sebagai perwujudan pelaksanaan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Kata kunci: asap cair; pengabdian masyarakat; kewirausahaan

TECHNO ECONOMIC STUDY OF LIQUID SMOKE FROM CASHEW NUT SHELL WASTE

Liquid smoke has a very large use, it is a result of condensation or condensation of pyrolysis vapor, directly or indirectly from wood materials such as cashew nut shells. Cashew nut shell is an abundant biomass of cashew nut processing industry but its utilization is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to make liquid smoke from cashew nut shell waste (technological aspect) and conduct economic analysis (economic aspect) to determine economic feasibility. Liquid smoke is made by pyrolysis at a temperature of 150-450oC in a simple batch type reactor. The results obtained were analyzed for its chemical components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MC) spectrophotometer analysis. The largest liquid smoke production was obtained at a temperature of 450oC and a time of 2.5 hours with a yield of 19.46%. The main chemical components contained in liquid smoke are phenol (36.310%), acid (12.947%) and carbonyl (16.715%) respectively. With a liquid smoke production capacity of 200 tons per year, liquid smoke products can be sold at a price of IDR 3,620,137,785/years. Total Production cost 2,572,976,800/years. Annual net profit 733,012,689. Investigation of the economic feasibility of liquid smoke production, seen from the Rate of Rate on Investment, is 15.65%, Pay Out Time is 2.99 years and Break Event Point is 49.05%

Synergistic Effects of Ladder and Cage Structured Phosphorus-Containing POSS with Tetrabutyl Titanate on Flame Retardancy of Vinyl Epoxy Resins

The cage and ladder structured phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (DOPO-POSS) have been synthesized through the hydrolytic condensation of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES). The unique ladder and cage–ladder structured components in DOPO-POSS endowed it with good solubility in vinyl epoxy resin (VE), and it was used with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) to construct a phosphorus-silicon-titanium synergy system for the flame retardation of VE. Thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the resultant VE composites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), three-point bending tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, and cone calorimetry. The experimental results showed that with the addition of only 4 wt% DOPO-POSS and 0.5 wt% TBT, the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) increased from 19.5 of pure VE to 24.2. With the addition of DOPO-POSS and TBT, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) were decreased significantly compared to VE-0. In addition, the VE composites showed improved thermal stabilities and mechanical properties comparable to that of the VE-0. The investigations on pyrolysis volatiles of cured VE further revealed that DOPO-POSS and TBT exerted flame retardant effects in gas phase. The results of char residue of the VE composites by SEM and XPS showed that TBT and DOPO-POSS can accelerate the char formation during the combustion, forming an interior char layer with the honeycomb cavity structure and dense exterior char layer, making the char strong with the formation of Si-O-Ti and Ti-O-P structures.

Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] for Liquid Smoke Production

This research aimed to determine the chemical composition of Rawapening, Semarang District, Indonesia water hyacinth and to study the effect of pyrolysis time on the volume of liquid smoke products. The water hyacinth was cut into pieces with a size of about 2 cm to 3 cm, and placed in pyrolisator. A total of 700 g of water hyacinth sample was fed into the pyrolysis. The product was observed for its content of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C. The results showed that water hyacinth contains hemicellulose 36 % d.b, cellulose 21 % d.b and lignin 7 % d.b which it potential to be a raw material for liquid smoke production. The effect of temperature was significant on liquid smoke products. It was proven that the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the liquid smoke produced. The liquid smoke was obtained for 0.2 mL per 100 g, 12.3 mL per 100 g and 16.3 mL per 100 g dried biomass water hyacinth at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C, respectively.

Combustible Material Content vs. Fire Properties of Electric Cables

The fire load of buildings is significantly increased by means of electric cables, usually creating a long combustible base for fire to spread and in this way decreasing the fire safety of buildings. The aim of the study was to evaluate a relationship between the construction of the cables and their fire properties, especially the mass loss influence on other fire properties of cables. Six cables of different core numbers were tested by means of the standard test method EN 50399. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis and Attenuated Total Reflection—Fourier Transform Infrared analysis were performed on the separate outer sheath, bedding, and core insulations in order to determine the similarity of the materials’ chemical structures. It was found that: (1) the construction of the cable strongly influences the fire behavior due to the creation of a barrier for flame penetration and emission of combustion effluents though inside the closed agglomeration of non-combustible metallic cores (conductors), and the intumescent structures formed from aluminum trihydrate/zinc borate fillers and fire retardants in outer sheath material during the self-sustained combustion process after ignition of cables; (2) the inhomogeneous distribution of non-combustible inorganic fillers or different contents of fillers and flame retardants within the polymer fraction cause an unobvious fire behaviors of cables; and (3) the use of bedding in multicore cable construction results in lower values of combustion parameters (maximum average heat release rate, total heat release, maximum average smoke production rate, total smoke production), e.g., better fire properties of cables.

Techno-Economic Evaluations on the Liquid Smoke Production from Coconut Shells (Case Study at CV Prima Rosandries, Jember)

The research aimed to evaluate techno-economic on liquid smoke production from coconutshells in small business, CV Prima Rosandries, Jember. The techno analysis was determinedby calculating work capacity and yield, which resulted in 2,04 kg/hour dan 49,22%,respectively. In cost analysis, CV Prima Rosandries required IDR186,750,000.00 as firstcost and IDR110,358,000.00 for annual-operation costs, also gained annual incomesIDR151,200,000.00 and estimated-asset value IDR15,525,000.00. In investment evaluation,parameters, such as NPV, AE, BCR, RoR, and PBP, showed that the investment was infeasible and profitable condition. To gained a break-even point, CV Prima Rosandriesobliged to sell 46,542 products and costly IDR372,336,449.00. In the sensitivity analysis,percentage changes in investment factors resulted in 16.29% for interest rate, 32.13% forfirst cost, 8.85% for annual cost, and -6.46% for annual benefit.

Impact of graphene oxide on epoxy resin characteristics

The incorporation of a small part of graphene oxide (GO) offers an appropriate fire retardant for thermally conductive epoxy (EP) resin composites, which is verified by the upper limiting oxygen index of 24.5% and other standard flame-retardant tests. The smoke production rate, total smoke production (TSP), and the smoke density of EP composites were reduced with additional GO. The increased efficiency of fire resistance and smoke suppression is primarily due to the formation of physical barrier and compactness of the developed GO char layers, serving as an effective barrier layer that increases the fire resistance, and the thermal steadiness of the char layers derives from the effect of GO inclusion. The barrier impact of GO and the limited mobility of polymer chains are crucial factors in increasing thermal stability and reduction of generating dangerous carbon monoxide during burns. The thermal stability increased and the peak heat release rate, total heat release, TSP, and the largest smoke density value reduced to 52.5%, 43.6%, 33.9%, and 44.2%, correspondingly, compared with pure EP. The tensile strength and elongation at break of EP composites were enhanced by 23% and 8.4% compared with pure EP, respectively.

Comparison of silicate impregnation methods to reinforce Chinese fir wood

Inorganic impregnation strengthening of Chinese fir wood was carried out to improve the strength, dimensional stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of Chinese fir wood. Sodium silicate was used as reinforcement, a sulfate and phosphate mixtures were used as a curing agent, and Chinese fir wood was reinforced by the respiratory impregnation method (RIM) that imitating human respiration and vacuum progressive impregnation method (VPIM). The weight percentage gain (WPG), density increase rate, distribution of modifier, bending strength (BS), compressive strength (CS), hardness, and water resistance of unreinforced Chinese fir wood from the VPIM and RIM were compared. It was found that RIM could effectively open the aspirated pits in Chinese fir wood, so its impregnation effect, strengthen effect and dimension stabilization effects were the best. RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood was filled with silicate both horizontally and vertically. At the same time, the transverse permeability of silicate through aspirated pits was significantly improved. The chemical structure, crystalline structure, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of VPIM- and RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cone calorimeter (CONE), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that although the crystallinity of RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood decreased the most, more chemical crosslinking and hydrogen bonding were formed in the wood, and the strengthen effect was still the best. Compared with VPIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood, RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood had lower heat release rate (HRR), peak-HRR, mean-HRR, total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP), higher thermal decomposition temperature and residual rate. It was indicated that RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood was a better flame retardant, and has a smoke suppression effect, thermal stability, and safety performance in the case of fire.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Kelompok Tani Jaya Makmur Kurik Merauke melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Asap Cair Sekam Padi sebagai Biopestisida Organik

Farmers ussually using chemical pesticides and mostly ignore the recommended dosage, chemical pesticides used spend 20% of analysis farming bussiness and food saftey become neglected for increasing production. The purpose of community capacity building is to increase farmers knowledge of making liquid smoke from agricultural waste rice husk as biopesticides for farmer groups in Kampung Jaya Makmur, Merauke Regency. The method of this empowerment by training and mentoring the process of liquid smoke production and assist the process of marketing liquid smoke products. The results of community service were the modifications of kiln drum (biochar maker) belong to farmer group into a liquid smoke maker using the pyrolysis method. This tool has been trial process and trained to farmers group of Jaya Makmur. The training of process of liquid smoke was attended by 26 farmers, 2 pioneer farmers, 3 students, and 9 lecturers from the Faculty of Agriculture and the Faculty of Engineering Musamus University. The capacity building was followed by assisting program for biochar and liquid smoke production and calculating operational costs of liquid smoke production, product packaging, and opportunities for selling liquid smoke as biopesticides organic among the farmers. Recent conclusion of this community capacity building has been increasing knowledge among farmers from 20.3% to 57%. Through the assistance, the group of production biochar center was empowered become center of input agricultural such as biopestisida and biochar.