Configuration of Green Spaces for Urban Heat Island Mitigation and Future Building Energy Conservation in  Hanoi Master Plan 2030

High population density, dense high-rise buildings, and impervious pavements increase the vulnerability of cities, which aggravate the urban climate environment characterized by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Cities in China provide unique information on the UHI phenomenon because they have experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic development, which have had a great influence on the climate in recent decades. This paper provides a review of recent research on the methods and impacts of UHI on building energy consumption, and the practical techniques that can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of UHI in China. The impact of UHI on building energy consumption depends largely on the local microclimate, the urban area features where the building is located, and the type and characteristics of the building. In the urban areas dominated by air conditioning, UHI could result in an approximately 10–16% increase in cooling energy consumption. Besides, the potential negative effects of UHI can be prevented from China in many ways, such as urban greening, cool material, water bodies, urban ventilation, etc. These strategies could have a substantial impact on the overall urban thermal environment if they can be used in the project design stage of urban planning and implemented on a large scale. Therefore, this study is useful to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms of UHI and provide practical approaches to fight the UHI for the urban planners, public health officials, and city decision-makers in China.

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Assessing the Distribution of Urban Green Spaces and its Anisotropic Cooling Distance on Urban Heat Island Pattern in Baotou, China

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi5020012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Tongliga Bao ◽

Xueming Li ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Yingjia Zhang ◽

Shenzhen Tian

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Heat Island ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Urban Heat

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Urban Heat Island Effect of Addis Ababa City: Implications of Urban Green Spaces for Climate Change Adaptation

Climate Change Management - Climate Change Adaptation in Africa ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-49520-0_33 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 539-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ermias Teferi ◽

Hiwot Abraha

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Heat Island ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Island Effect ◽

Urban Heat

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Influence of Spatial Characteristics of Green Spaces on Microclimate: A Case Study in Suzhou Industrial Park, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-591707/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiangdong Xiao ◽

Lulu Zhang ◽

Yimei Xiong

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Green Space ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Medium Size ◽

Industrial Park ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Heat Island ◽

Local Cooling ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Urban Heat

Abstract Continuous urban development leads to urban heat island effects. Research suggests that urban green spaces can help effectively reduce urban heat island effects in the summer. Previous studies have mainly focused on the influence of different underlying surfaces on air cooling and humidification. There is a lack of in-depth research on the relationship between park structure and microclimatic effects. Here, we examined the main landscape parameters of green spaces in 15 parks located in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) with a subtropical maritime monsoon climate zone during the summer to analyze their influence on the microclimate. The average cooling and humidifying effect of medium-size green spaces was most significant during high-temperature hours in the daytime. When the distance to a water body was the same, the average cooling and humidifying effect ranked as follows: large-size green space > small-size green space > medium-size green space. We explored the mechanisms of the local cooling and humidifying effects of woodland and water areas in parks by numerical simulations. The significance of the cooling and humidifying effects of water areas of different shapes was as follows: annular water > massive water > banded water. This confirmed that the shape and size of water areas within a green space has a significant influence on local cooling and humidification.

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Inverse estimation of the urban heat island using district-scale building energy calibration

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.682 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luis Guilherme Resende Santos ◽

Dina Masri ◽

Afshin Afshari

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Building Energy ◽

Energy Calibration ◽

Heat Island ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Inverse Estimation

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Integration of a Building Energy Model in an Urban Climate Model and its Application

Boundary-Layer Meteorology ◽

10.1007/s10546-020-00569-y ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luxi Jin ◽

Sebastian Schubert ◽

Daniel Fenner ◽

Fred Meier ◽

Christoph Schneider

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variation ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Climate Model ◽

Building Energy ◽

Energy Model ◽

Heat Island ◽

Energy Fluxes ◽

Urban Heat

Abstract We report the ability of an urban canopy model, coupled with a regional climate model, to simulate energy fluxes, the intra-urban variability of air temperature, urban-heat-island characteristics, indoor temperature variation, as well as anthropogenic heat emissions, in Berlin, Germany. A building energy model is implemented into the Double Canyon Effect Parametrization, which is coupled with the mesoscale climate model COSMO-CLM (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode) and takes into account heat generation within buildings and calculates the heat transfer between buildings and the urban atmosphere. The enhanced coupled urban model is applied in two simulations of 24-day duration for a winter and a summer period in 2018 in Berlin, using downscaled reanalysis data to a final grid spacing of 1 km. Model results are evaluated with observations of radiative and turbulent energy fluxes, 2-m air temperature, and indoor air temperature. The evaluation indicates that the improved model reproduces the diurnal characteristics of the observed turbulent heat fluxes, and considerably improves the simulated 2-m air temperature and urban heat island in winter, compared with the simulation without the building energy model. Our set-up also estimates the spatio–temporal variation of wintertime energy consumption due to heating with canyon geometry. The potential to save energy due to the urban heat island only becomes evident when comparing a suburban site with an urban site after applying the same grid-cell values for building and street widths. In summer, the model realistically reproduces the indoor air temperature and its temporal variation.

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Spatial Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Islands in Four Rapidly Growing African Cities

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11141645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Matamyo Simwanda ◽

Manjula Ranagalage ◽

Ronald C. Estoque ◽

Yuji Murayama

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Green Space ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Impervious Surface ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Heat Island ◽

Impervious Surfaces ◽

African Cities ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Urban Heat

Africa’s unprecedented, uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization has put many African cities under constant ecological and environmental threat. One of the critical ecological impacts of urbanization likely to adversely affect Africa’s urban dwellers is the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, UHI studies in African cities remain uncommon. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the spatial patterns, composition and configuration of impervious surfaces/green spaces in four African cities, Lagos (Nigeria), Nairobi (Kenya), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and Lusaka (Zambia). Landsat OLI/TIRS data and various geospatial approaches, including urban–rural gradient, urban heat island intensity, statistics and urban landscape metrics-based techniques, were used to facilitate the analysis. The results show significantly strong correlation between mean LST and the density of impervious surface (positive) and green space (negative) along the urban–rural gradients of the four African cities. The study also found high urban heat island intensities in the urban zones close (0 to 10 km) to the city center for all cities. Generally, cities with a higher percentage of the impervious surface were warmer by 3–4 °C and vice visa. This highlights the crucial mitigating effect of green spaces. We also found significant correlations between the mean LST and urban landscape metrics (patch density, size, shape, complexity and aggregation) of impervious surfaces (positive) and green spaces (negative). The study revealed that, although most African cities have relatively larger green space to impervious surface ratio with most green spaces located beyond the urban footprint, the UHI effect is still evident. We recommend that urban planners and policy makers should consider mitigating the UHI effect by restoring the urban ecosystems in the remaining open spaces in the urban area and further incorporate strategic combinations of impervious surfaces and green spaces in future urban and landscape planning.

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On the assessment of urban heat island phenomenon and its effects on building energy performance: A case study of Rome (Italy)

Energy and Buildings ◽

10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 158 ◽

pp. 605-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Claudia Guattari ◽

Luca Evangelisti ◽

Constantinos A. Balaras

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Building Energy ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Heat Island ◽

Building Energy Performance ◽

Urban Heat

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Conversion of Abandoned Property to Green Space as a Strategy to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island Investigated with Numerical Simulations

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-20-0093.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (11) ◽

pp. 1827-1843

Author(s):

Timothy J. Cady ◽

David A. Rahn ◽

Nathaniel A. Brunsell ◽

Ward Lyles

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulations ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Green Space ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Heat Island ◽

Impervious Surfaces ◽

Vacant Lots ◽

Local Cooling ◽

Aggressive Approach ◽

Urban Heat

AbstractImpervious surfaces and buildings in the urban environment alter the radiative balance and surface energy exchange and can lead to warmer temperatures known as the urban heat island (UHI), which can increase heat-related illness and mortality. Continued urbanization and anthropogenic warming will enhance city temperatures worldwide, raising the need for viable mitigation strategies. Increasing green space throughout a city is a viable option to lessen the impacts of the UHI but can be difficult to implement. The potential impact of converting existing vacant lots in Kansas City, Missouri, to green spaces is explored with numerical simulations for three heat-wave events. Using data on vacant property and identifying places with a high fraction of impervious surfaces, the most suitable areas for converting vacant lots to green spaces is determined. Land-use/land-cover datasets are modified to simulate varying degrees of feasible conversion of urban to green spaces in these areas, and the local cooling effect using each strategy is compared with the unmodified simulation. Under more aggressive greening strategies, a mean local cooling impact of 0.5°–1.0°C is present within the focus area itself during the nighttime hours. Some additional cooling via the “park cool island” is possible downwind of the converted green spaces under the more aggressive scenarios. Although moderate and conservative strategies of conversion could still lead to other benefits, those strategies have little impact on cooling. Only an aggressive approach yields significant cooling.

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