scholarly journals Vaccine-Based Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6041
Author(s):  
Simon Beyaert ◽  
Jean-Pascal Machiels ◽  
Sandra Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccination ◽  
First Line ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
First Line Treatment

In 2019, the FDA approved pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1, for the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancers, despite only a limited number of patients benefiting from the treatment. Promising effects of therapeutic vaccination led the FDA to approve the use of the first therapeutic vaccine in prostate cancer in 2010. Research in the field of therapeutic vaccination, including possible synergistic effects with anti-PD(L)1 treatments, is evolving each year, and many vaccines are in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The aim of this review article is to discuss vaccines as a new therapeutic strategy, particularly in the field of head and neck cancers. Different vaccination technologies are discussed, as well as the results of the first clinical trials in HPV-positive, HPV-negative, and EBV-induced head and neck cancers.

scholarly journals Propranolol as First-line Treatment of Head and Neck Hemangiomas

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Fuchsmann ◽  
Marie-Claude Quintal ◽  
Chantal Giguere ◽  
Sonia Ayari-Khalfallah ◽  
Laurent Guibaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Treatment

Impact of brachial plexus movement during radical radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: the case for a larger planning organ at risk volume margin

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Asma Sarwar ◽  
Shelly English ◽  
Yanni Papastavrou ◽  
Anna Thompson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Conformity Index ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Radical Radiotherapy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIntroduction:Treatment volumes for radical radiotherapy to head and neck cancers commonly extend into the lower neck, the territory of the brachial plexus (BP). There is a risk of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy, a non-reversible late toxicity experienced by a small number of patients. The BP was anatomically divided into superior and inferior divisions and analysed to establish if segmental inter-fractional BP movement should be considered when planning radiotherapy in this high-dose region.Methods:A retrospective single-centre analysis of 15 patients with head and neck cancers treated with radical bilateral neck irradiation was conducted. The extent of BP movement relative to the planning scan was assessed using weekly cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The BP was contoured on the planning scan and the subsequent six weekly CBCTs; this was used to calculate the Jaccard Conformity Index (JCI) for the left, right, superior and inferior divisions of the BP.Results:The mean (±SD) JCI for right and left superior BP was 44·4±15·5%, whereas the mean (±SD) JCI for right and left inferior BP was 38·3±15·5%. There was a statistically significant difference between superior and inferior JCI, p=0·0002, 95% CI (−9·26 to −2·88). Bilateral superior BP JCI was higher, with better conformity than the corresponding inferior divisions.Conclusions:Inter-fractional BP movement occurs; the greatest movement is seen at the inferior division. This data suggest the need for re-evaluation of current BP margins and consideration of a larger inferior BP planning at risk volume (PRV) margin.

scholarly journals 5-FU promotes stemness of colorectal cancer via p53-mediated WNT/β-catenin pathway activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hee Cho ◽  
Eun Ji Ro ◽  
Jeong-Su Yoon ◽  
Tomohiro Mizutani ◽  
Dong-Woo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Wnt Inhibitor ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Combinatorial Treatment ◽  
First Line Treatment

Abstract 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). Although 5-FU initially de-bulks the tumor mass, recurrence after chemotherapy is the barrier to effective clinical outcomes for CRC patients. Here, we demonstrate that p53 promotes WNT3 transcription, leading to activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in ApcMin/+/Lgr5EGFP mice, CRC patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) and patient-derived tumor cells (PDCs). Through this regulation, 5-FU induces activation and enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the residual tumors, contributing to recurrence after treatment. Combinatorial treatment of a WNT inhibitor and 5-FU effectively suppresses the CSCs and reduces tumor regrowth after discontinuation of treatment. These findings indicate p53 as a critical mediator of 5-FU-induced CSC activation via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and highlight the significance of combinatorial treatment of WNT inhibitor and 5-FU as a compelling therapeutic strategy to improve the poor outcomes of current 5-FU-based therapies for CRC patients.

scholarly journals Modified biweekly cisplatin, docetaxel plus cetuximab (TPEx) as first-line treatment for patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Fuchs ◽  
Johannes Pammer ◽  
Christoph Minichsdorfer ◽  
Doris Posch ◽  
Gabriela Kornek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Treatment
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