scholarly journals Catalytic Hydrofunctionalization Reactions of 1,3-Diynes

Catalysts ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Victorio Cadierno
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Triple Bond ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry ◽  
Carbocyclic Compounds ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of alkynes, i.e., the addition of Y–H units (Y = heteroatom or carbon) across the carbon–carbon triple bond, have attracted enormous attention for decades since they allow the straightforward and atom-economic access to a wide variety of functionalized olefins and, in its intramolecular version, to relevant heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds. Despite conjugated 1,3-diynes being considered key building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry, this particular class of alkynes has been much less employed in hydrofunctionalization reactions when compared to terminal or internal monoynes. The presence of two C≡C bonds in conjugated 1,3-diynes adds to the classical regio- and stereocontrol issues associated with the alkyne hydrofunctionalization processes’ other problems, such as the possibility to undergo 1,2-, 3,4-, or 1,4-monoadditions as well as double addition reactions, thus increasing the number of potential products that can be formed. In this review article, metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of these challenging substrates are comprehensively discussed.

scholarly journals Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis and Transformations of β-Haloenol Esters

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victorio Cadierno
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

In the last years there has been an increasing interest in the search for protocols to obtain β-haloenol esters in an efficient and selective manner as they are versatile building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry. In this article, metal-catalyzed transformations allowing the access to both acyclic and cyclic (i.e., haloenol lactones) β-haloenol esters are reviewed. Metal-catalyzed reactions in which these molecules participate as substrates are also discussed.

Transition metal-catalyzed sp3 C–H activation and intramolecular C–N coupling to construct nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (87) ◽  
pp. 13048-13065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Qiuhong Wang ◽  
Yiyuan Peng ◽  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Changfeng Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry ◽  
Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocyclic

Nitrogen heterocycles are of great medicinal importance, and the construction of nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds has been one of the focuses in synthetic organic chemistry.

scholarly journals Molecular Capsule Catalysis: Ready to Address Current Challenges in Synthetic Organic Chemistry?

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 561-568
Author(s):  
Ivana Némethová ◽  
Leonidas-Dimitrios Syntrivanis ◽  
Konrad Tiefenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Molecular Capsules ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Molecular Capsule ◽  
Hydrophobic Binding ◽  
Binding Pockets ◽  
Self Assembled

Self-assembled molecular capsules, host structures that form spontaneously when their building blocks are mixed, have been known since the 1990s. They share some basic similarities with enzyme pockets, as they feature defined hydrophobic binding pockets that are able to bind molecules of appropriate size and shape. The potential to utilize such host structures for catalysis has been explored since their discovery; however, applications that solve current challenges in synthetic organic chemistry have remained limited. In this short article, we discuss the challenges associated with the use of molecular capsules as catalysts, and highlight some recent applications of supramolecular capsules to overcome challenges in synthetic organic chemistry.

Ionic Liquid Promoted Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of Six-membered Npolyheterocycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Reaction Media

Background: The synthesis of N-polyheterocycles by environmentally benign method is highly attractive but challenging proposition. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of polycyclic heterocycles in the last decades. In this review article, the synthesis of nitrogen containing six-membered polycyclic heterocyclic compounds is presented with the application of ionic liquids. This contribution focuses on the literature related to the total synthesis of six-membered N-polyheterocycles. Objective: Ionic liquids not only acted as environmentally benign reaction media but also as catalysts which afforded the very promising replacements of traditional molecular solvents in organic chemistry due to their stability, non-flammability, non-volatility and ease of recyclability. Ionic liquids are utilized in metal catalyzed reactions in place of organic solvents in the last years. It has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Ionic liquids acted as alternatives of organic solvents and these ILs are environment friendly. Conclusion: In the area of green chemistry ionic liquid assisted synthesis is a very promising technique which afforded a flexible platform for the formation of heterocycles. The influence of ILs on the development of efficient and new synthetic protocols over the last decade for the construction of N-polyheterocycles is featured in this review article. These synthetic strategies will continue to attract more attention and will find a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. In conclusion, ionic liquids assisted syntheses have become an efficient and powerful tool in organic chemistry quickly.

scholarly journals Metal-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Ketones and Ketone Enolates

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2150-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Murarka ◽  
Andrey Antonchick
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compounds ◽  
Carbocyclic Compounds ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
Ketone Enolates ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Recent years have witnessed a significant advancement in the field of radical oxidative coupling of ketones towards the synthesis of highly useful synthetic building blocks, such as 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, and biologically important heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds. Besides oxidative homo- and cross-coupling of enolates, other powerful methods involving direct C(sp3)–H functionalizations of ketones­ have emerged towards the synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. Moreover, direct α-C–H functionalization of ketones has also allowed an efficient access to carbocycles and heterocycles. This review summarizes all these developments made since 2008 in the field of metal-catalyzed/promoted radical-mediated functionalization of ketones at the α-position.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of 1,4-Dicarbonyl Compounds3 Synthesis of Heterocyclic Scaffolds4 Synthesis of Carbocyclic Scaffolds5 Conclusion

Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of carbon-heteroatom bond formation by substitution and addition processes

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina P. Beletskaya
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Triple Bond ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Two types of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which both lead to the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds, are considered: RX + E-H and E-X + RM. The potential of addition reactions of E-H or E-E to double or triple bond in C-E bond formation is also demonstrated.

Highly Selective Hydroiodination of Carbon-Carbon Double or Triple Bonds

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 2153-2168
Author(s):  
Yuki Yamamoto ◽  
Shin-ichi Kawaguchi ◽  
Shintaro Kodama ◽  
Akihiro Nomoto ◽  
Akiya Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Multiple Bonds ◽  
Triple Bonds ◽  
Synthetic Intermediates ◽  
Characteristic Features

Iodine is an element that exhibits characteristic features of heavy halogen, and several compounds containing iodine constitute important synthetic intermediates due to synthetically easy manipulation. To utilize iodine units for organic synthesis, a highly regio- and stereoselective introduction of iodine to versatile building blocks is significant, and a lot of research works for the selective introduction of iodine to alkynes or alkenes have been conducted. In this review article, we describe regio- and stereoselective hydroiodination to multiple bonds of building blocks, and its synthetic applications as key intermediates to construct several important compounds in organic chemistry.

Organo or Metal Complex Catalyzed Synthesis of Five-membered Oxygen Heterocycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (25) ◽  
pp. 2822-2847
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur ◽  
Neha Ahlawat ◽  
Pooja Grewal ◽  
Pranshu Bhardwaj ◽  
Yamini Verma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Oxygen Heterocycles ◽  
Organic Chemist ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

: The reactions involving the formation of C-O bond using metal as a catalyst have emerged to be one of the most influential reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles in modern organic chemistry. Catalysis by metals offers diverse opportunities to invent new organic reactions with a promising range of selectivities such as chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. The methodologies used earlier for synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist because of their high cost, highly specified instrumentation and inconvenient methods. For both stereoselective and regioselective formation of five-membered O-containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are metal and non-metal-catalyzed have known to be very efficient. The present review article covers the applications of metal and non-metal as a catalyst for the synthesis of five-membered O-containing heterocycles.

scholarly journals Metal catalyzed defunctionalization reactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Modak ◽  
Debabrata Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

The chronological development of metal assisted defunctionalization reactions is discussed from the stoichiometric to the catalytic stage with their application in synthetic organic chemistry.

Recent developments in the synthesis of five- and six-membered N-heterocycles from dicarbonyl compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur ◽  
Pranshu Bhardwaj ◽  
Mansi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chelating Ligands ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocyclic

: Various diketones such as 1,2-diketones, 1,3-diketones, 1,4-diketones, β-diketones and dicarbonyl compounds are used in the synthesis of core heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazoles, isoxazoles, triazoles and quinolones. They play an important role in synthetic organic chemistry. The diketones and dicarbonyl compounds also act as chelating ligands for the lanthanides and a large number of transition metals in material chemistry. 50% of drugs contain nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, so organic chemists have made efforts for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. This review article has compiled different methodologies for the synthesis of five- and six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.

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