Functions of Plexins/Neuropilins and Their Ligands during Hippocampal Development and Neurodegeneration

There is emerging evidence that molecules, receptors, and signaling mechanisms involved in vascular development also play crucial roles during the development of the nervous system. Among others, specific semaphorins and their receptors (neuropilins and plexins) have, in recent years, attracted the attention of researchers due to their pleiotropy of functions. Their functions, mainly associated with control of the cellular cytoskeleton, include control of cell migration, cell morphology, and synapse remodeling. Here, we will focus on their roles in the hippocampal formation that plays a crucial role in memory and learning as it is a prime target during neurodegeneration.

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Monitoring stem cell migration in the nervous system by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0693 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. S692-S692

Author(s):

Mathias Hoehn ◽

Uwe Himmelreich ◽

Ralph Weber ◽

Pedro Ramos-Cabrer ◽

Susanne Wegener ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Nervous System ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Stem Cell Migration

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structure of an ultraweak protein-protein complex and its crucial role in regulation of cell morphology and motility.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1024291.288735 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Fenteany

Keyword(s):

Cell Morphology ◽

Protein Complex ◽

Crucial Role

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P8.4 Vagus nerve and central nervous system in peritoneal inflammation, cell migration and fever in the Wistar rat

Autonomic Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.autneu.2009.05.234 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 149 (1-2) ◽

pp. 121-122

Author(s):

C.J. Lindsey ◽

C.R. Fiore ◽

L.O. Sousa

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Vagus Nerve ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Peritoneal Inflammation

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Chemotropic Molecules: Guides for Axonal Pathfinding and Cell Migration During CNS Development

Physiology ◽

10.1152/nips.01414.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 130-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando de Castro

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Complex Pattern ◽

Axonal Pathfinding ◽

Cns Development ◽

The Central Nervous System

Different molecules (netrins, semaphorins, slits) with chemotropic functions and their receptors (neogenin, DCC, neuropilins, plexins, robos) have been identified that guide axons during development of the nervous system to establish the complex pattern of connections among a large number of neurons. These molecules have been recently identified to play a role in cell migration of the central nervous system during development.

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Attenuation of retinal endothelial cell migration and capillary morphogenesis in the absence of bcl-2

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.90633.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (6) ◽

pp. C1521-C1530 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Shuji Kondo ◽

Yixin Tang ◽

Elizabeth A. Scheef ◽

Nader Sheibani ◽

Christine M. Sorenson

Keyword(s):

Cell Migration ◽

Vascular System ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Vascular Development ◽

Critical Role ◽

Endothelial Cell Migration ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Capillary Morphogenesis ◽

Angiogenesis Assay ◽

Ischemic Retinopathy

Apoptosis plays a critical role during development and in the maintenance of the vascular system. B-cell leukemia lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) protects endothelial cells (EC) from apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli. Previous work from this laboratory demonstrated attenuation of postnatal retinal vascular development and retinal neovascularization during oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy in bcl-2-deficient (bcl-2−/−) mice. To gain further insight into the function of bcl-2 in the endothelium, we isolated retinal EC from bcl-2+/+ and bcl-2−/− mice. Retinal EC lacking bcl-2 demonstrated reduced cell migration, tenascin-C expression, and adhesion to vitronectin and fibronectin. The bcl-2−/− retinal EC also failed to undergo capillary morphogenesis in Matrigel. In addition, using an ex vivo angiogenesis assay, we observed reduced sprouting from aortic rings grown in culture from bcl-2−/− mice compared with bcl-2+/+ mice. Furthermore, reexpression of bcl-2 was sufficient to restore migration and capillary morphogenesis defects observed in bcl-2−/− retinal EC. Mechanistically, bcl-2−/− cells expressed significantly less endothelial nitric oxide synthase, an important downstream effecter of proangiogenic signaling. This may be attributed to increased oxidative stress in the absence of bcl-2. In fact, incubation of retinal EC or aortic rings from bcl-2−/− mice with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine rescued their capillary morphogenesis and sprouting defects. Thus, bcl-2-mediated cellular functions play important roles not only in survival but also in proangiogenic phenotype of EC with a significant impact on vascular development and angiogenesis.

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The Neural Regulation of Cancer

Annual Review of Cancer Biology ◽

10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 371-390

Author(s):

Shawn Gillespie ◽

Michelle Monje

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Crucial Role ◽

The Body ◽

Tissue Homeostasis ◽

Neural Regulation ◽

Physiological Processes

The nervous system is intimately involved in physiological processes from development and growth to tissue homeostasis and repair throughout the body. It logically follows that the nervous system has the potential to play analogous roles in the context of cancer. Progress toward understanding the crucial role of the nervous system in cancer has accelerated in recent years, but much remains to be learned. Here, we highlight rapidly evolving concepts in this burgeoning research space and consider next steps toward understanding and therapeutically targeting the neural regulation of cancer.

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Molecular signaling mechanisms of axon-glia communication in the peripheral nervous system

BioEssays ◽

10.1002/bies.201400172 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 502-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Tamara Grigoryan ◽

Walter Birchmeier

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Molecular Signaling ◽

Signaling Mechanisms

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Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201305021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 202 (5) ◽

pp. 725-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Jonathan A. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Adhesion Proteins ◽

Space And Time ◽

Microtubule Motors ◽

Axon Specification ◽

New Research ◽

Migrating Cells

Many neurons resemble other cells in developing embryos in migrating long distances before they differentiate. However, despite shared basic machinery, neurons differ from other migrating cells. Most dramatically, migrating neurons have a long and dynamic leading process, and may extend an axon from the rear while they migrate. Neurons must coordinate the extension and branching of their leading processes, cell movement with axon specification and extension, switching between actin and microtubule motors, and attachment and recycling of diverse adhesion proteins. New research is needed to fully understand how migration of such morphologically complicated cells is coordinated over space and time.

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