scholarly journals Calcium- and Voltage-Dependent Dual Gating ANO1 is an Intrinsic Determinant of Repolarization in Rod Bipolar Cells of the Mouse Retina

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Sook Paik ◽  
Yong Soo Park ◽  
In-Beom Kim
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Voltage Gating ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Dependent Component ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Dual Gating ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

TMEM16A/anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride (Cl−) channel, has many functions in various excitable cells and modulates excitability in both Ca2+- and voltage-gating modes. However, its gating characteristics and role in primary neural cells remain unclear. Here, we characterized its Ca2+- and voltage-dependent components in rod bipolar cells using dissociated and slice preparations of the mouse retina. The I-V curves of Ca2+-dependent ANO1 tail current and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) are similar; as ANO1 is blocked by VGCC inhibitors, ANO1 may be gated by Ca2+ influx through VGCC. The voltage-dependent component of ANO1 has outward rectifying and sustained characteristics and is clearly isolated by the inhibitory effect of Cl− reduction and T16Ainh-A01, a selective ANO1 inhibitor, in high EGTA, a Ca2+ chelator. The voltage-dependent component disappears due to VGCC inhibition, suggesting that Ca2+ is the essential trigger for ANO1. In perforated current-clamping method, the application of T16Ainh-A01 and reduction of Cl− extended excitation periods in rod bipolar cells, revealing that ANO1 induces repolarization during excitation. Overall, ANO1 opens by VGCC activation during physiological excitation of the rod bipolar cell and has a voltage-dependent component. These two gating-modes concurrently provide the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane potential in rod bipolar cells.

scholarly journals The Effect of PKCα on the Light Response of Rod Bipolar Cells in the Mouse Retina

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hong Xiong ◽  
Ji-Jie Pang ◽  
Mark E. Pennesi ◽  
Robert M. Duvoisin ◽  
Samuel M. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Response ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Unique functional properties of the APB sensitive and insensitive rod pathways signaling light decrements in mouse retinal ganglion cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUO-YONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells ◽  
Rod Pathway ◽  
Cone Bipolar Cells

Light decrements are mediated by two distinct groups of rod pathways in the dark-adapted retina that can be differentiated on the basis of their sensitivity to the glutamate agonist DL-2-amino-phosphonobutyric (APB). By means of the APB sensitive pathway, rods transmit light decrementsviarod bipolar cells to AII amacrine cells, then to Off cone bipolar cells, which in turn innervate the dendrites of Off ganglion cells. APB hyperpolarizes rod bipolar cells, thus blocking this rod pathway. With APB insensitive pathways, rods either directly synapse onto Off cone bipolar cells, or rods pass light decrement signal to cones by gap junctions. In the present study, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from ganglion cells in the dark-adapted mouse retina to investigate the functional properties of APB sensitive and insensitive rod pathways. The results revealed several clear-cut differences between the APB sensitive and APB insensitive rod pathways. The latency of Off responses to a flashing spot of light was significantly shorter for the APB insensitive pathways than those for the APB sensitive pathway. Moreover, Off responses of the APB insensitive pathways were found to be capable of following substantially higher stimulus frequencies. Nitric oxide was found to selectively block Off responses in the APB sensitive rod pathway. Collectively, these results provide evidence that the APB sensitive and insensitive rod pathways can convey different types of information signaling light decrements in the dark-adapted retina.

Spontaneous regenerative activity in mammalian retinal bipolar cells: Roles of multiple subtypes of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU-PING MA ◽  
ZHUO-HUA PAN
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Regenerative Activity ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Retinal Bipolar Cells ◽  
Ca2 Channels ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells ◽  
Cone Bipolar Cells

Patch-clamp recordings were used to investigate the properties of the regenerative activity in acutely isolated bipolar cells from the rat retina. Spontaneous, pacemaker-like membrane potential oscillations were observed in all rod bipolar cells and the majority of cone bipolar cells. The waveform of the regenerative potential was stereotypical but distinct among different bipolar cell groups, especially between rod and cone bipolar cells. The spontaneous activity was completely blocked by Co2+, suggesting that Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels was required for initiating such activity. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, however, was not found to be involved. The spontaneous activity was also blocked by mibefradil, a T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist. In contrast, application of nimodipine, an L-type Ca2+ current antagonist, affected mainly the waveform of the regenerative potential. This study shows that mammalian retinal bipolar cells in isolation are also capable of generating Ca2+-dependent spontaneous regenerative potential. However, T-type Ca2+ channels appear to be essential for the initiation of the spontaneous activity in mammalian bipolar cells.

scholarly journals Cross-synaptic synchrony and transmission of signal and noise across the mouse retina

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N Grimes ◽  
Mrinalini Hoon ◽  
Kevin L Briggman ◽  
Rachel O Wong ◽  
Fred Rieke
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synaptic Noise ◽  
Mammalian Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Cross-synaptic synchrony—correlations in transmitter release across output synapses of a single neuron—is a key determinant of how signal and noise traverse neural circuits. The anatomical connectivity between rod bipolar and A17 amacrine cells in the mammalian retina, specifically that neighboring A17s often receive input from many of the same rod bipolar cells, provides a rare technical opportunity to measure cross-synaptic synchrony under physiological conditions. This approach reveals that synchronization of rod bipolar cell synapses is near perfect in the dark and decreases with increasing light level. Strong synaptic synchronization in the dark minimizes intrinsic synaptic noise and allows rod bipolar cells to faithfully transmit upstream signal and noise to downstream neurons. Desynchronization in steady light lowers the sensitivity of the rod bipolar output to upstream voltage fluctuations. This work reveals how cross-synaptic synchrony shapes retinal responses to physiological light inputs and, more generally, signaling in complex neural networks.

scholarly journals Depolarizing effect of GABA in rod bipolar cells of the mouse retina

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 2659-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Varela ◽  
Román Blanco ◽  
Pedro De la Villa
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Localization of protein kinase C to UV-sensitive photoreceptors in the mouse retina

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. WIKLER ◽  
D.L. STULL ◽  
B.E. REESE ◽  
P.T. JOHNSON ◽  
E. BOGENMANN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Elements ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

The present study has identified a population of cone photoreceptors in the murine retina that are uniquely immunoreactive for protein kinase C (PKC). Wavelength-sensitive cone subtypes are segregated along the dorso-ventral axis in the mouse retina with ventral retina occupied exclusively by ultraviolet wavelength-sensitive (UVWS) cones, and dorsal retina dominated by middle wavelength-sensitive cones. PKC-positive cones are found primarily in the ventral retina, and double-label immunocytochemistry using a short wavelength-sensitive opsin antibody confirms that they specifically correspond to the UVWS cone subtype. The PKC antibody, as documented in other mammals, also identifies rod bipolar cells in the mouse retina. UVWS cones and bipolar cells have previously been shown to share transcriptional regulatory elements, as observed in transgenic mice encoding a portion of the human SWS-opsin promoter controlling the lacZ reporter gene. In such mice, the transgene product, β-galactosidase, is expressed in populations of both cones and bipolar cells. The present study confirms that lacZ-expressing photoreceptors are indeed PKC-positive photoreceptors, but that the lacZ-expressing bipolar cells are not the PKC-positive rod bipolar cells. These cells must correspond to a type of cone bipolar cell.

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