scholarly journals Anxious Solitude, Reciprocated Friendships with Peers, and Maternal Overcontrol from Third through Seventh Grade: A Transactional Model

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Heidi Gazelle ◽  
Ming Cui
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
School Screening ◽  
Maternal Influences ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Anxious Solitude ◽  
Incremental Increase

Guided by a Transactional Model of anxious solitude development, we tested friend and maternal influences on continuity and change in youth anxious solitude from 3rd through 7th grade, as well as the influence of youth anxious solitude on decreased friendship participation and increased maternal overcontrol over time. Participants were 230 American youth (57% girls) selected for longitudinal study from a public-school screening sample (n = 688). Peers reported on anxious solitude, both peers and youth reported on reciprocated friendship, and youth reported on their mother’s overcontrol annually. Stability and incremental change in youth, friend, and maternal factors were tested in an autoregressive cross-lagged panel analytic model. Having few mutual friendships predicted incremental increase in youth anxious solitude in mid-elementary school, then youth anxious solitude predicted the loss of friendships after the middle school transition. Additionally, youth anxious solitude in third grade evoked increased maternal overcontrol in fourth grade, but the reverse direction of effect was not supported. Youth’s participation in few friendships also evoked mothers’ overcontrol, which exacerbated their child’s loss of friendships in elementary school. Taken together, having few mutual friends contributed to youth anxious solitude and maternal overcontrol, and subsequently these factors further exacerbated youth’s loss of friendships.

scholarly journals Exploring tourism destination path plasticity

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Halkier ◽  
Anette Therkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Tourism ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Path Creation ◽  
Iron Triangle ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Rural Destinations ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractPath dependency is an acknowledged characteristic of tourism due to a majority of small and micro-sized firms and with that limited resourceful actors who can engage actively in path creation through development of new services and experiences. The aim of this paper is to analyse the socio-economic institutions that have facilitated the rise of coastal tourism, and on the basis of this to gauge the scope for incremental change, or plasticity, within the prevailing development path. The paper can be seen as an explorative study of the micro-dynamics of path plasticity, adopting a casestudy-based approach, exploring two coastal-rural destinations in North Jutland, Denmark. First a review of the literature on destination development and innovation is undertaken in order to identify key issues concerning continuity and change in tourism as a spatially embedded socio-economic activity. Then a conceptual framework for the analysis is outlined, inspired by traditions within institutionalism. Thirdly, the empirical analysis begins by identifying the key institutions supporting the rise of North Jutland as a successful international tourist destination in the 1980s and 1990s, and finally we discuss the extent to which scope for path plasticity can be found within this framework in the current climate of crisis, focusing especially on the role of combinatorial knowledge and policy agency. It is concluded that coastal tourism despite resemblances of an institutional ‘iron triangle’ actually is a more flexible structure which allows for a considerable degree of incremental change, provided that the actors involved are willing to engage in innovative development activities within the existing institutional framework.

scholarly journals Effect of Maternal Factors on Problematic Smartphone Use among Elementary School Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9182
Author(s):  
Eun Jee Lee ◽  
Hee Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Network ◽  
School Children ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Network Service ◽  
Social Network Service ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use

Mothers play a key role in ensuring their children’s healthy life. This study aimed to identify the maternal factors affecting problematic smartphone use in children. We adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design using structured questionnaires. Participants were fourth to sixth grade elementary school students in Korea (n = 184). The following maternal factors were evaluated: maternal mediation, children’s perception of mothers’ smartphone use, mother–child communication, and parenting style. Data regarding maternal factors’ effect on problematic smartphone use were analyzed by computing descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis using SPSS Win 27.0. The results show that the maternal factors that influenced problematic smartphone use in children were maternal control over smartphone usage (odds ratio (OR) = 5.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–19.60), smartphone usage time for social network service (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10–2.01), and problematic mother–child communication (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.14). Therefore, to promote appropriate smartphone use among school children, it is necessary to develop an intervention comprising maternal supervision of their children’s smartphones, guidance provision for social network service usage, and strategies for the reinforcement of positive mother–child communication.

Reflection electron microscopy of as-grown diamond surfaces

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1006-1007
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
R.E. Clausing ◽  
L. Heatherly ◽  
L.L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synthetic Diamond ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Diamond Surfaces ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Synthetic Diamonds ◽  
De Beers ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy

It has been found that the abrasion of diamond-on-diamond depends on the crystal orientation. For a {100} face, the friction coefficient for sliding along <011> is much higher than that along <001>. For a {111} face, the abrasion along <11> is different from that in the reverse direction <>. To interpret these effects, a microcleavage mechanism was proposed in which the {100} and {111} surfaces were assumed to be composed of square-based pyramids and trigonal protrusions, respectively. Reflection electron microscopy (REM) has been applied to image the microstructures of these diamond surfaces.{111} surfaces of synthetic diamond:The synthetic diamonds used in this study were obtained from the De Beers Company. They are in the as-grown condition with grain sizes of 0.5-1 mm without chemical treatment or mechanical polishing. By selecting a strong reflected beam in the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern, the dark-field REM image of the surface is formed (Fig. 1).

Teacher Identification of Elementary School Children with Hearing Loss

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Nodar
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Teacher Interviews ◽  
Teacher Screening ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Problems

The teachers of 2231 elementary school children were asked to identify those with known or suspected hearing problems. Following screening, the data were compared. Teachers identified 5% of the children as hearing-impaired, while screening identified only 3%. There was agreement between the two procedures on 1%. Subsequent to the teacher interviews, rescreening and tympanometry were conducted. These procedures indicated that teacher screening and tympanometry were in agreement on 2% of the total sample or 50% of the hearing-loss group. It was concluded that teachers could supplement audiometry, particularly when otoscopy and typanometry are not available.

An Approach to Mainstreaming Language-Disabled Children in the Elementary School

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Karen Navratil ◽  
Margie Petrasek
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
General Goal ◽  
Resource Program

In 1972 a program was developed in Montgomery County Public Schools, Maryland, to provide daily resource remediation to elementary school-age children with language handicaps. In accord with the Maryland’s guidelines for language and speech disabilities, the general goal of the program was to provide remediation that enabled children with language problems to increase their abilities in the comprehension or production of oral language. Although self-contained language classrooms and itinerant speech-language pathology programs existed, the resource program was designed to fill a gap in the continuum of services provided by the speech and language department.

Teachers' Stereotypes of Children Who Wear Hearing Aids

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cletus G. Fisher ◽  
Kenneth Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Child ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Elementary School Child ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Service Training

Classroom teachers were asked to list the traits they felt were characteristic of the elementary school child who wears a hearing aid. These listings were evaluated according to the desirability of the traits and were studied regarding frequency of occurrence, desirability, and educational, emotional, and social implications. The results of the groupings are discussed in terms of pre-service and in-service training.

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