scholarly journals Cardiac Output and Cerebral Oxygenation in Term Neonates during Neonatal Transition

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Nariae Baik-Schneditz ◽  
Bernhard Schwaberger ◽  
Lukas Mileder ◽  
Nina Höller ◽  
Alexander Avian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulse Oximeter Probe ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neonatal Transition

The immediate transition from foetus to neonate includes substantial changes, especially concerning the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, the brain is one of the most vulnerable organs to hypoxia during this period. According to current guidelines for postnatal stabilization, the recommended parameters for monitoring are heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). Recently, there is a growing interest in advanced monitoring of the cardio-circulatory system and the brain to get further objective information about the neonate’s condition during the immediate postnatal transition after birth. The aim of the present study was to combine cardiac output (CO) and brain oxygenation monitoring in term neonates after caesarean section in order to analyse the potential influence of CO on cerebral oxygenation during neonatal transition. This was a monocentric, prospective, observational study. For non-invasive cardiac output measurements, the electrical velocimetry (EV) method (Aesculon Monitor, Osypka Medical, CA, USA) was used. The pulse oximeter probe for SpO2 and HR measurements was placed on the right hand or wrist. The cerebral tissue oxygen index (cTOI) was measured using a NIRO-200NX monitor with the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) transducer on the right frontoparietal head. Monitoring started at minute 1 and was continued until minute 15 after birth. At minutes 5, 10, and 15 after birth, mean CO was calculated from six 10 s periods (with beat-to-beat analysis). During the study period, 99 term neonates were enrolled. Data from neonates with uncomplicated transitions were analysed. CO showed a tendency to decrease until minute 10. During the complete observational period, there was no significant correlation between CO and cTOI. The present study was the first to investigate a possible correlation between CO and cerebral oxygenation in term infants during the immediate neonatal transition. In term infants with uncomplicated neonatal transition after caesarean section, CO did not correlate with cerebral oxygenation.

Hypoxemia due to venous admixture in cirrhosis of the liver

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Henry Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Cirrhosis Of The Liver ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Venous Admixture ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
The Right

The percentage of venous admixture to arterialized blood was measured by two different techniques in two groups of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and, in both groups, averaged 9.7% of the cardiac output. Since one of the techniques was based on measurement of the arterial oxygen tension during oxygen breathing, the venous admixture must have resulted from some type of right-to-left shunt. It was not possible to determine whether the right-to-left shunt resulted from anastamoses between the portal system and the bronchopulmonary venous system or from pulmonary arteriovenous communications. Submitted on March 30, 1959

scholarly journals Sex related difference in cardiac output during neonatal transition in term neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-347
Author(s):  
Nariae Baik-Schneditz ◽  
Bernhard Schwaberger ◽  
Lukas Mileder ◽  
Nina Höller ◽  
Alexander Avian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Neonatal Transition

scholarly journals Cerebral vs. Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Sok Kim ◽  
Björn J. P. van der Ster ◽  
Patrice Brassard ◽  
Niels H. Secher ◽  
Johannes J. van Lieshout
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The human brain is constantly active and even small limitations to cerebral blood flow (CBF) may be critical for preserving oxygen and substrate supply, e.g., during exercise and hypoxia. Exhaustive exercise evokes a competition for the supply of oxygenated blood between the brain and the working muscles, and inability to increase cardiac output sufficiently during exercise may jeopardize cerebral perfusion of relevance for diabetic patients. The challenge in diabetes care is to optimize metabolic control to slow progression of vascular disease, but likely because of a limited ability to increase cardiac output, these patients perceive aerobic exercise to be more strenuous than healthy subjects and that limits the possibility to apply physical activity as a preventive lifestyle intervention. In this review, we consider the effects of functional activation by exercise on the brain and how it contributes to understanding the control of CBF with the limited exercise tolerance experienced by type 2 diabetic patients. Whether a decline in cerebral oxygenation and thereby reduced neural drive to working muscles plays a role for “central” fatigue during exhaustive exercise is addressed in relation to brain’s attenuated vascular response to exercise in type 2 diabetic subjects.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE TRIGEMINAL AND COCHLEOVESTIBULAR SYSTEMS IN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT PAIN DYSFUNCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
N.D. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
L.R. Shahalieva ◽  
S.S. Pertsov ◽  
L.V. Polma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Right ◽  
Distal Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

One of the most common causes of chronic pain in the facial region, including in the trigeminal nerve link, which is not associated with dental diseases, is pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. At the same time, there is evidence in the literature that there are relationships between pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, abnormal occlusion, cervical-muscular tonic phenomena, postural disorders, dysfunction of the Autonomous nervous system and cochleovestibular manifestations. At the same time, neurophysiological indicators of functional disorders in the maxillofacial region and intersystem interactions in pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint are insufficiently studied.Goal. The aim of the work is to evaluate the neurophysiological features of trigeminal afferentation in terms of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSWP) and the auditory conducting system of the brain in terms of acoustic stem evoked potentials (ASVP) in distal occlusion of the dentition with pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in comparison with physiological occlusion in students 18-21 years old. Material and methods. The main study included 41 students with distal occlusion (21 girls and 20 boys), (grade II Engl, symmetrically right and left in 14 people, and grade II Engl on the left and grade I on the right in 12 people, grade I on the left and grade II on the right in 15 people). All respondents with distal occlusion and who were practically healthy signed an informed consent to participate in the study. We used complex orthodontic methods of examination, subjective degree of severity and intensity of pain in the TMJ, assessment of the Autonomous nervous system (samples and tests), and neurophysiological methods for assessing TSVP and ASVP. Results. Significant differences in ASEP parameters were found in the group of respondents with distal occlusion in the form of a decrease in the latency period of peak I, III, and V compared to physiological occlusion, that correlated with the subjective assessment (in points) of cochleovestibular disorders. According to the TSVP study, a decrease in the duration of latent periods was found, which indicates an increased excitability of non-specific brain stem structures at the medullo-ponto-mesencephalic level compared to the control group. Conclusions. The results obtained are supposed to be used for differential diagnostics, including such dental diseases as TMJ pain dysfunction, occlusion abnormalities accompanied by pain syndrome. Additional functional diagnostics of multi-modal VP of the brain (acoustic evoked potentials, trigeminal evoked potentials) can be performed in conjunction with indicators of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, with parameters of severity of clinical symptoms of cochleovestibular disorders, musculoskeletal dysfunction the maxillofacial area, with indicators of pain, which will determine the tactics and effectiveness of subsequent treatment.

scholarly journals Maternal and neonatal risk factors for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in term neonates in Cyprus: a prospective case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Stylianou-Riga ◽  
Theodora Boutsikou ◽  
Panayiotis Kouis ◽  
Paraskevi Kinni ◽  
Marina Krokou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Systemic Hypotension ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress

Abstract Background Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is strongly associated with premature birth, but it can also affect term neonates. Unlike the extent of research in preterm neonates, risk factors associated with incidence and severity of NRDS in term neonates are not well studied. In this study, we examined the association of maternal and neonatal risk factors with the incidence and severity of NRDS in term neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Cyprus. Methods In a prospective, case-control design we recruited term neonates with NRDS and non-NRDS admitted to the NICU of Archbishop Makarios III hospital, the only neonatal tertiary centre in Cyprus, between April 2017–October 2018. Clinical data were obtained from patients’ files. We used univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression models to analyse binary and continuous outcomes respectively. Results During the 18-month study period, 134 term neonates admitted to NICU were recruited, 55 (41%) with NRDS diagnosis and 79 with non-NRDS as controls. In multivariate adjusted analysis, male gender (OR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.03–18.39, p = 0.045) and elective caesarean section (OR: 11.92, 95% CI: 1.80–78.95, p = 0.01) were identified as independent predictors of NRDS. Among neonates with NRDS, early-onset infection tended to be associated with increased administration of surfactant (β:0.75, 95% CI: − 0.02-1.52, p = 0.055). Incidence of pulmonary hypertension or systemic hypotension were associated with longer duration of parenteral nutrition (pulmonary hypertension: 11Vs 5 days, p < 0.001, systemic hypotension: 7 Vs 4 days, p = 0.01) and higher rate of blood transfusion (pulmonary hypertension: 100% Vs 67%, p = 0.045, systemic hypotension: 85% Vs 55%, p = 0.013). Conclusions This study highlights the role of elective caesarean section and male gender as independent risk factors for NRDS in term neonates. Certain therapeutic interventions are associated with complications during the course of disease. These findings can inform the development of evidence-based recommendations for improved perinatal care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document