scholarly journals Children’s Beliefs about Pain: An Exploratory Analysis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Lindsay T. Ives ◽  
Kate Stein ◽  
Alannah M. Rivera-Cancel ◽  
Julia K. Nicholas ◽  
Kristen Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Teddy Bear ◽  
Pain Beliefs ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Children's Beliefs

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is one of the most common childhood medical complaints, associated with significant distress and impairment. Little is known about how children understand their pain. Do they attribute it to personal weakness? Do they perceive pain as having global impact, affecting a variety of activities? How do they cope with pain? We explored the pain beliefs of 5- to 9-year-old children with FAP using a novel Teddy Bear Interview task in which children answered questions about a Teddy bear’s pain. Responses were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results indicate that the majority of young children with FAP are optimistic about pain outcomes. Children generated many types of coping strategies for Teddy’s pain and adjusted their calibration of Teddy’s pain tolerance dependent on the activity being performed. Early warning signs also emerged: a subset of children were pessimistic about Teddy’s pain, and several children identified coping strategies that, while developmentally appropriate, could lead to excessive help seeking if not intervened upon (e.g., physician consultation and shot). The Teddy Bear Interview allows children to externalize their pain, making it a useful tool to access cognitive pain constructs in younger children. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of early intervention for childhood FAP.

scholarly journals An experimental investigation of the relationships among race, prayer, and pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Meints ◽  
Catherine Mosher ◽  
Kevin L. Rand ◽  
Leslie Ashburn-Nardo ◽  
Adam T. Hirsh
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Race Difference ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Lower Pain

Abstract Background and aims Compared to White individuals, Black individuals demonstrate a lower pain tolerance. Research suggests that differences in pain coping strategies, such as prayer, may mediate this race difference. However, previous research has been cross-sectional and has not determined whether prayer in and of itself or rather the passive nature of prayer is driving the effects on pain tolerance. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships among race, prayer (both active and passive), and pain tolerance. Methods We randomly assigned 208 pain-free participants (47% Black, 53% White) to one of three groups: active prayer (“God, help me endure the pain”), passive prayer (“God, take the pain away”), or no prayer (“The sky is blue”). Participants first completed a series of questionnaires including the Duke University Religion Index, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Participants were then instructed to repeat a specified prayer or distractor coping statement while undergoing a cold pressor task. Cold pain tolerance was measured by the number of seconds that had elapsed while the participant’s hand remained in the cold water bath (maximum 180 s). Results Results of independent samples t-tests indicated that Black participants scored higher on the CSQ-R prayer/hoping subscale. However, there were no race differences among other coping strategies, religiosity, or catastrophizing. Results of a 2 (Race: White vs. Black)×3 (Prayer: active vs. passive vs. no prayer) ANCOVA controlling for a general tendency to pray and catastrophizing in response to prayer indicated a main effect of prayer that approached significance (p=0.06). Pairwise comparisons indicated that those in the active prayer condition demonstrated greater pain tolerance than those in the passive (p=0.06) and no prayer (p=0.03) conditions. Those in the passive and no prayer distractor conditions did not significantly differ (p=0.70). There was also a trending main effect of race [p=0.08], with White participants demonstrating greater pain tolerance than Black participants. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate that Black participants demonstrated a lower pain tolerance than White participants, and those in the active prayer condition demonstrated greater tolerance than those in the passive and no prayer conditions. Furthermore, Black participants in the passive prayer group demonstrated the lowest pain tolerance, while White participants in the active prayer group exhibited the greatest tolerance. Results of this study suggest that passive prayer, like other passive coping strategies, may be related to lower pain tolerance and thus poorer pain outcomes, perhaps especially for Black individuals. On the other hand, results suggest active prayer is associated with greater pain tolerance, especially for White individuals. Implications These results suggest that understanding the influence of prayer on pain may require differentiation between active versus passive prayer strategies. Like other active coping strategies for pain, active prayer may facilitate self-management of pain and thus enhance pain outcomes independent of race. Psychosocial interventions may help religiously-oriented individuals, regardless of race, cultivate a more active style of prayer to improve their quality of life.

Moderators of Cognitive Coping Derived from Attentional and Parallel Processing Models of Pain

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Stevens ◽  
Jessica L. Terner
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Body Consciousness ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Cognitive Distraction

After establishing baseline pain tolerance and intensity, ninety undergraduates, either low or high in private body consciousness, were distributed equally to cognitive distraction, sensation monitoring, or no treatment and then exposed to pressure stimulation. A 2 × 3 (private body consciousness × condition) MANOVA of residual tolerance and intensity data did not yield hypothesized interactions, but demonstrated that both coping strategies modified tolerance and intensity more than no treatment. Results are discussed in terms of adherence to and involvement in treatment, perceived effectiveness of coping strategies, and number of strategies used. The findings are integrated within attentional and parallel processing models of pain.

Teenagers' Attitudes About Coping Strategies and Help-Seeking Behavior for Suicidality

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1124-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELYN S. GOULD ◽  
DREW VELTING ◽  
MARJORIE KLEINMAN ◽  
CHRISTOPHER LUCAS ◽  
JOHN GRAHAM THOMAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Help Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior

scholarly journals Self-esteem, Social Support and Coping Strategies of left-behind Children in Rural China, and the Intermediary Role of Subjective Support：a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Cui ◽  
Fangshuo Cheng ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Qiuyu Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Support Score

Abstract Background: Negative coping strategies and behavioral problems are common among Chinese left-behind children, which are relate to a variety of negative consequences. At this stage of development, the relevant factors of coping strategies need to be further studied, in which social support and self-esteem are worthy of our attention. The aim of this study is to detect the current situation of self-esteem, social support, and coping styles of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Methods: 322 children from 3 schools in China enrolled in this study, including 236 LBC and 86 non-left-behind children (NLBC) to assess self-esteem, social support and coping strategies. Results: The LBC group had lower self-esteem score and lower total social support (subjective support, objective support and support-seeking behavior) than the NLBC group. In terms of coping strategies, the LBC group was lower than the NLBC group in problem-solving and rationalization. The self-esteem score in LBC was significant positive associated with the subjective support score, objective support score, problem-solving and help-seeking score. In addition, self-esteem has significant mediating effect between subjective support and problem-solving, subjective support and help-seeking, respectively. Conclusions: The finding indicate that Chinese LBC’s self-esteem and social support need to be improved. Given the significant correlativity between self-esteem, subjective support and coping strategy, it is necessary to promote Chinese LBC’s self-esteem and social support, especially subjective support.

Coping Strategies and Perceived Barriers of women hospitality workplaces employees to sexual harassment in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A Ground Theory Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Dile Worke ◽  
Gurmesa Tura Debelew ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract Background: Coping strategies of sexual harassment are determined by the person, environment, and cognitive reappraisal. Consequently, the issue of how women victims cope with the problem is still unsettled worldwide. Women were disproportionately victims of sexual harassment in the hospitality industries, and the issue of response is at an earlier phase in low and middle-income countries, and particularly in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to develop a context specific and data-driven coping strategy framework for sexual harassment victimization against women working in the hospitality workplaces.Methods: We conducted a qualitative, grounded theory approach to guide the study process. The data were collected from women, managers, cashiers, and customers. We use a semi-structured, specific audience, and focus group discussion guides. A constant comparative approach was used to summarize data and describe meanings. ATLAS. ti version 8.4.24 software package was used for data coding categorizing, and visualizing networks.Results: The analysis provided a context specific coping strategic framework, which consists of, closely interconnected, four dimensions practiced by women hospitality employees. The dimensions were normalization, engagement, help-seeking, and detachment with the respective barriers. The normalization dimension encompasses silence, acceptance, denial, refusal, grief, and tolerance. Likewise, the engagement dimension consists of confrontation, negotiation, retaliation/threatening, and discrimination of the perpetrators. The help-seeking dimension also involves elements such as discussing with friends, complaining to supervisors, consulting professionals, and accusing the perpetrators. Finally, the detachment dimension entails job-hopping, job withdrawal, work withdrawal, and distancing. A variety of barriers deterred all dimensions. However, normalization was facilitated by some factors, and adverse outcomes ended the engagement dimension of coping.Conclusion: The sexual harassment coping capacities of women employees have been unclear, which left no whole for the stakeholders to intervene. The new coping strategic framework can serve as a valuable guide to design context-specific interventions that make the women and the stakeholders prevent sexual harassment, decrease the barriers, and alleviate effects.

“Why Don’t You Just Leave?”

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Rayna E. Momen ◽  
Walter S. DeKeseredy
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Abusive Relationships ◽  
And Coping

This chapter focuses on the resilience and coping strategies of transgender intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors, as well as the complex factors that prevent them from leaving abusive relationships. Extensive barriers to help seeking play a significant role in determining whether survivors choose to stay or leave. Some barriers are similar to those experienced by cisgender IPV survivors, while others are unique to transgender survivors. This chapter also suggests new empirical and theoretical directions in transgender IPV research and dispels the myth of the willing transgender victim.

Hospital-Based Playrooms, Classrooms, and Pet Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-230
Author(s):  
Jane M. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Pet Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare ◽  
Life Function

A unique feature of most pediatric healthcare facilities is that they provide opportunities for both inpatients and outpatients to participate in play with developmentally appropriate toys during their medical care. Reasons for play in hospitalized pediatric patients may include providing mechanisms to educate children about their particular medical conditions, providing stress reduction during frightening procedures, assisting in the development of coping strategies, and attempting to maintain a sense of normalcy during long hospitalizations. Although toys and playroom environments provide a vital psychosocial and quality-of-life function, however, they are also known to contribute to the transmission of infectious agents. This chapter provides guidance on minimizing transmission of pathogens in hospital-based playrooms and classrooms: pathogens that are commonly found in pediatric healthcare facilities. This chapter also discusses the transmission challenges with pet therapy programs for children, and suggests approaches for safe implementation of these programs. Sample policies are included.

Coping strategies and social support-seeking behaviour among Chinese caring for older people with dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1422-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALMA AU ◽  
STEVEN M. SHARDLOW ◽  
YUE TENG ◽  
TERESA TSIEN ◽  
CHARLES CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Older People ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Family Obligations ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

ABSTRACTThe study reviewed coping and help-seeking behaviour among Hong Kong Chinese family care-givers of older people diagnosed with dementia. A convenience sample of those caring for family members with dementia (N=11) was recruited in Hong Kong. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and analysed using NVivo. The study found evidence of distinct Chinese coping strategies that focused upon internal self-regulation, forbearance and family obligations. In terms of help-seeking behaviour, these care-givers expressed great concern about bothering their family members. When there is a desperate need for help, they turn to community services. Results are discussed in the context of both traditional Chinese cultural values as well as the modern transformations of the Chinese society. In particular, Eastern philosophical teachings tend to focus on changing personal inner perception and thoughts rather than attempting to change the environment. Although family obligations have been traditionally upheld, many modern Chinese societies are undergoing social and demographic changes, resulting in marked decline in multi-generational households. Our findings can have applications not only for Chinese cities but also may have implications to the West as strong well-established Chinese communities are widespread.

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