scholarly journals The EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child and the European Child Guarantee—Evidence-Based Recommendations for Alternative Care

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Bárbara Mourão Sacur ◽  
Elisete Diogo
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
European Child ◽  
Central Purpose ◽  
The Eu

Protection and promotion of child rights are referred to as a central purpose of the European Union (EU). Therefore in 2021, the EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child and the European Child Guarantee were published to enable children to have the best possible life in the EU and worldwide. Member states were invited to implement the directions of both documents into practice. The present study analyses and showcases the evidence on how to progress implementation of the Strategy and the Guarantee regarding alternative care in Portugal. A literature review was conducted based on international literature. Evidence-based recommendations for the Portuguese transition process towards quality, family and community-based care are stated. De-institutionalisation and strengthening specific services—kinship care, special guardianship, and foster care—are advocated, namely specialising the workforce, and promoting training for kinship carers and prospective special guardians. To conclude, the revision and monitoring of the measures for children in need of alternative care are suggested as well as integrating and publishing data from the diverse services of the alternative care system.

scholarly journals Exploring the potential for “urban air quality transition management” in the EU – lessons from the City of Aachen (Germany)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Szabo-Müller
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Science Field ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAir pollution is one of the most important global sustainability and health challenges. In response to this, the European Union (EU) initiated with its Directive 2008/50/EC a new era of (urban) air quality management (UAQM) and introduced air quality plans and short term action plans as major formal planning instruments. However, these efforts still fail to achieve their target. Independently, sustainability transitions research emerged as a major science field, suggesting urban transition management (UTM) as an effective governance and planning approach for steering transformative urban change. Hence, the overall query this paper puts forward is, whether UAQM could be enhanced by UTM? This leads to an empirical and a conceptual question: 1) How transformative is current UAQM, i.e. how does it contribute to a transition process? 2) How could UAQM and UTM be combined to create an ‘urban air quality transition management’? Drawing on a conceptual discussion of both frameworks, an explorative case study of UAQM in the EU and the City of Aachen (Germany) reveals that UAQM and UTM seem to have many similarities at a superficial level, but differ significantly in detail. They are mostly complementary because each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses, so that neither of them could achieve the targeted transition alone. Future research should therefore focus on comparative transformative research in ‘urban air quality transition management labs’ to develop integrated approaches. Policy should both legally facilitate such experiments and deliver sufficient funding for enhanced UAQM in general.

Relations between the european union and the visegrad group of eastern europe: examining the barriers to integraton

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Havrilová
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Mass Privatization ◽  
The Eu

The European Community (EC), in particular, took upon itself the role of the key external player in the political and economic restructuring programs in Eastern Europe. It successfully used a combination of aid packages and advice-giving, to frame its political and economic relations with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. For their part, the Eastern states, hoping for a quick path to a convertible currency and EU membership, fully embraced the free market philosophy by swallowing the bitter pill of shock therapy, mass privatization and deregulation. The Eastern Europeans have gradually come to a significant twofold realization. First, that membership is not likely to be offered any time soon. And second, that there are significant barriers to the strengthening of ties with the EU. <p> The EU eventually responded to the growing pleas for membership by announcing that the special relationship between Western and Eastern Europe would be assured through association agreements pursuant to Article 235 of the Treaty of Rome. Initially, the EU did not intend to make any reference in the Europe Agreements to future membership of the Association countries. <p> A major indicator in the Europe Agreements, which highlights the EU's fundamental concern over its own interests rather than assisting Eastern Europe in the transition process, are the trade provisions. In essence, these maintain significant, potentially long-term barriers to trade between the EC and the East, particularly in sensitive sectors such as steel, textiles and agriculture. A second obstacle to the Associate countries' accession are the relatively weak institutional links created by the Europe Agreements. Convergence of laws is another important condition which needs to be satisfied before membership is granted to the Eastern European applicants. The present approach excludes the Eastern Europeans from exemption from the EU's anti-dumping law; it shuts them out of most of the EU's decision making; and it limits the effectiveness of their attempts to harmonise their legislation with the EU. Taken collectively, it seems certain that these exclusions will seriously restrict the Associates' prospects of rapid integration into the EU. <p> The compromise may involve complicated negotiations between member states and also with potential applicants.

scholarly journals A MODEL OF USING IPA FUNDS FOR PROJECT REALIZATION IN PRE-ACCESSION COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF SERBIA

Ekonomika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Mirjana Kranjac ◽  
Rado Maksimović ◽  
Uroš Sikimić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accession Countries ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Project Realization ◽  
The Eu

During the process of enlargement, the European Union established a mechanism to develop institutions and to support transition process in the EU, through financial help, for potential candidates and candidate countries. This foreign aid is operating throughout different EU funds. The instrument for the pre-accession assistance (IPA) has replaced all other financial funds for the budget period 2007–2013. The aim of this article is to give suggestions for a more efficient use of IPA funds. The article presents a case of Serbia by showing the empirical results from a questionnaire survey of 108 organizations evaluating a range of issues. A model of IPA funds’ use has been created. Risk points have been determined and divided into three groups: informing of potential beneficiaries, their education, and assistance in the realization of all project phases. Improvement could be achieved through the implementation of a new idea for setting up “project centres” which would support the process. Thus, civil society would be involved into the monitoring system.

An independent voice for children's rights in Europe? The role of independent children's rights institutions in the EU

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel A Thomas ◽  
Karl C Hanson ◽  
Brian B Gran
Keyword(s):  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Distinctive Role ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article attempts to understand the distinctive role of independent human rights institutions for children (IHRICs) in Europe, in the context of the proposed EU strategy on the rights of the child. It begins by explaining the distinctive characteristics of IHRICs, their presence, location and organisation in Europe, and the role of the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children (ENOC). It goes on to examine their developing relationships, individually and collectively, with European institutions (in particular the institutions of the European Union, but also with reference to the Council of Europe). The article draws on observations of the annual conference of ENOC in 2010, and on interviews with members of ENOC. The article follows this with a discussion of how IHRICs may be understood as operating at the interface of regional, national, European and global mechanisms, and concludes with a review of current issues and some questions for future research.

scholarly journals The Spillover Effect of the EU Economy on the Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Doina Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The Economy has always been considered an essential pillar of the development. This is why, when the European Union appeared, the idea of a community based on economic relations with the purpose of empowering the common economy seemed to be an attractive idea to the outside states of the European Economic Community. Even at first, the idea of empowering the Economy was a very good one, after politics, culture, agriculture, science, and other domains were directly linked to the economic development, the Economy was seen as the nucleus of development of all. Giving its role, we are asking ourselves: Is the Economy role only a positive one in the development of other domains? To understand the role that the fall of the Economy can have on other domains, we focus on Economy- culture relation. Assuming the role of the spillover effect of the Economic crises on the culture we conclude that the Economy should not be the only basis of development, but we should enlarge our possibilities of independence of other domains.

scholarly journals Breaking Out of the Local: International dimensions of science shops

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar DeBok ◽  
Norbert Steinhaus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
The Eu

In this article we want to give an overview of the international dimension and the interest of the European Union (EU) in the concept of Science Shops. The European Commission (EC) manages the day-to-day business by initiating and implementing EU policies and spending EU funds. The EC support for Science Shops has been an important factor for the international interest and progress of the Science Shop movement. This article will not give detailed information about daily routines of a Science Shop. Detailed information about the Science Shop concept can be found at the Living Knowledge website (www.livingknowledge.org). Living Knowledge represents the international Science Shop Network. In this article international developments of the Science Shop Network, like the project TRAMS, and Science Shop backgrounds will be linked with past and new EU policies like the EU 7th Framework Programme for Research. It shows how community-based research does not only have a local dimension. The international Science Shop activities show the strengths of international cooperation to break out of the local and to bring local issues on the international agenda. Detailed information about the Science Shop concept and daily routines of a Science Shop can be found at the Living Knowledge website (www.livingknowledge.org), e.g. at the FAQ section and in the toolbox.

scholarly journals Vaccination coverage in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pastore Celentano
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background Vaccination coverage rates in the European Union (EU) vary considerably across countries and there has been a decline for some diseases in some countries in recent years. Methods The ECDC supports member states in their vaccination programmes through a range of activities, including identification of threats, surveillance, international collaboration, scientific working groups, assessments of national vaccination programmes, and communication activities. Results For the first dose of the vaccine against measles, coverage ranges from 85% in Italy to 99% in Luxembourg and Hungary, with the average for the EU (93.6%) falling below what is required to ensure herd immunity. Uptake of the second dose against measles reached the target of 95% in only four countries in 2017, compared to 14 in 2007. Conclusions Despite the fact that there are safe and efficient vaccines, there seems to be a crisis of confidence in them. Each EU citizen should receive correct evidence-based information on vaccines and have the same immunisation opportunities.

EU practices on measuring human rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 523-541
Author(s):  
Markus Möstl ◽  
Maddalena Vivona ◽  
Isabella Meier ◽  
Klaus Starl
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
The Eu

Numerous articles of the Treaty on European Union oblige the European Union (EU) to respect, protect, and fulfil human rights. Reliable human rights information is indeed crucial for any policy area and during any stage of the policy cycle in order to serve evidence-based policy-making. Chapter 22 analyses how the EU is currently satisfying its need for human rights information, and presents the main opportunities, but also the key challenges in this respect. It is argued that human rights measurement tools using human rights indicators can provide reliable human rights information. The authors provide concrete recommendations on how to make use of the opportunities and overcome the identified challenges of measuring human rights.

scholarly journals Assessing the level of digitalization and robotization in the enterprises of the European Union Member States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254993
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak
Keyword(s):  
Union Member ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

One of the main reasons for the dynamic global economic development observed in recent years is the process of digitalization, referred to as Industry 4.0. The significance of digitalization for this development is appreciated by the EU-27. In order for these actions to be effective, it is necessary to diagnose the current level of digitalization in the EU-27countries. The article presents the results of the assessment of the level of digitalization of enterprises in the EU-27 countries. An empirical analysis was conducted using 16 determinants which describe the digitalization in a sample of 27 EU countries. Based on the adopted criteria and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method, these countries were divided into four classes in terms of the level of digitalization. The analysis looked at the size of enterprises and was performed independently for small, medium and large enterprises. The adopted indicators allowed for the analysis of similarity between the EU-27 countries in terms of digitalization, using the Kohonen’s networks. The result of this research was the division of the EU-27 countries into groups, also taking into account the size of studied enterprises. Due to the immensely diverse EU-27 economy, such a huge undertaking as the digital transformation process requires building logical internal "digital coalitions". The designated assessment and similarity between countries creates such opportunities, also in terms of building an effective policy to support these processes by the EU. This increases the chances of success of joint ventures and building a sustainable European community based on the latest technologies.

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