scholarly journals Bio-Hydrogen Production from Wastewater: A Comparative Study of Low Energy Intensive Production Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-182
Author(s):  
A K M Khabirul Islam ◽  
Patrick S. M. Dunlop ◽  
Neil J. Hewitt ◽  
Rose Lenihan ◽  
Caterina Brandoni
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Wastewater Remediation

Billions of litres of wastewater are produced daily from domestic and industrial areas, and whilst wastewater is often perceived as a problem, it has the potential to be viewed as a rich source for resources and energy. Wastewater contains between four and five times more energy than is required to treat it, and is a potential source of bio-hydrogen—a clean energy vector, a feedstock chemical and a fuel, widely recognised to have a role in the decarbonisation of the future energy system. This paper investigates sustainable, low-energy intensive routes for hydrogen production from wastewater, critically analysing five technologies, namely photo-fermentation, dark fermentation, photocatalysis, microbial photo electrochemical processes and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The paper compares key parameters influencing H2 production yield, such as pH, temperature and reactor design, summarises the state of the art in each area, and highlights the scale-up technical challenges. In addition to H2 production, these processes can be used for partial wastewater remediation, providing at least 45% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and are suitable for integration into existing wastewater treatment plants. Key advancements in lab-based research are included, highlighting the potential for each technology to contribute to the development of clean energy. Whilst there have been efforts to scale dark fermentation, electro and photo chemical technologies are still at the early stages of development (Technology Readiness Levels below 4); therefore, pilot plants and demonstrators sited at wastewater treatment facilities are needed to assess commercial viability. As such, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to overcome the current barriers to implementation, integrating expertise in engineering, chemistry and microbiology with the commercial experience of both water and energy sectors. The review concludes by highlighting MECs as a promising technology, due to excellent system modularity, good hydrogen yield (3.6–7.9 L/L/d from synthetic wastewater) and the potential to remove up to 80% COD from influent streams.

Effect of Organic Loading Rate on Bio-Hydrogen Production in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1170-1175
Author(s):  
Zi Rui Guo ◽  
An Ying Jiao ◽  
Xiao Ye Liu ◽  
Yong Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
H2 Yield ◽  
Distribution Energy

Hydrogen is a kind of ideal clean energy sources. With low energy consumption, environmental protection and other advantages, biological hydrogen production technology become the hotspot of current study home and abroad. The distribution energy technology for producing hydrogen can get hydrogen when deal with waste water. For finding out the industralized feasibility of continuous H2 bio-production,the ability of H2-production via facultative anaerobe,optimum hydraulic retention time(HRT) and optimum organic loading rate(OLR) were aslo studied. With a temperature of (35±1)°C，HRT of 8 h，the CSTR inoculated with activated sludge ,and the progression is increasing organic loading rate gradually. Six OLRs were examined, ranging from 2 to 12 g COD/L.d, with the mass of molasses ranging from 1.3 to 10 g COD/L. While COD was up to 4g/L(OLR 12kg/(m3•d)), all molasses was utilized and the H2 yield was not significantly influenced by OLR. At the intermediate COD of 6g/l (OLR 18kg/(m3•d)), the H2 yield was maximized at about 30 L/d H2 (mol molasses. Conv.), which was 17.9% and 55.9% higher than those of OLR 6 kg/(m3.d) and OLR 12 kg/(m3.d),respectively. When the influent COD concentration raised to 12g/L(OLR 30kg/(m3•d)), the reactor were overloaded, the hydrogen yield decreased drastically，hydrogen evolution rate decreased to zero. Exceeding OLR would arouse great change of internal environment parameters, such as pH, ALK(aikalinity), ORP(oxidation-reduction potential) in CSTR, and the microbial community structure would change while the metabolism of microorganism was inhibited badly.

Bifunctional single-atomic Mn sites for energy-efficient hydrogen production

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyun Peng ◽  
Junrong Hou ◽  
Yuying Mi ◽  
Jiaqiang Sun ◽  
Gaocan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Clean Energy Technology

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for H2 production is essential for future renewable and clean energy technology. Screening energy-saving, low-cost, and highly active catalysts efficiently, however, is still a grand...

Bio-electrochemical production of hydrogen and electricity from organic waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia De Gioannis ◽  
Alessandro Dell'Era ◽  
Aldo Muntoni ◽  
Mauro Pasquali ◽  
Alessandra Polettini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Galvanic Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Acid Metabolites

Abstract This study investigated the performance of a novel integrated bio-electrochemical system for synergistic hydrogen production from a process combining a dark fermentation reactor and a galvanic cell. The operating principle of the system is based on the electrochemical conversion of protons released upon dissociation of the acid metabolites of the biological process and is mediated by the electron flow from the galvanic cell, coupling biochemical and electrochemical hydrogen production. Accordingly, the galvanic compartment also generates electricity. Four different experimental setups were designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the integrated bio-electrochemical process and identify the optimal configuration for further tests. Subsequently, dark fermentation of cheese whey was implemented both in a stand-alone biochemical reactor and in the integrated bio-electrochemical process. The integrated system achieved a hydrogen yield in the range 75.5 – 78.8 N LH2/kg TOC, showing a 3 times improvement over the biochemical process.

scholarly journals Fermentative hydrogen production in packed-bed and packing-free upflow reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Li ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
H.H.P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Packing Rings ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen

Fermentative hydrogen production from a synthetic wastewater containing 10 g/L of sucrose was studied in two upflow reactors at 26°C for 400 days. One reactor was filled with packing rings (RP) and the other was packing free (RF). The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 2 h to 24 h was investigated. Results showed that, under steady state, the hydrogen production rate significantly increased from 0.63 L/L/d to 5.35 L/L/d in the RF when HRT decreased from 24 h to 2 h; the corresponding rates were 0.56 L/L/d to 6.17 L/L/d for the RP. In the RF, the hydrogen yield increased from 0.96 mol/mol-sucrose at 24 h of HRT to the maximum of 1.10 mol/mol-sucrose at 8 h of HRT, and then decreased to 0.68 mol/mol-sucrose at 2 h. In the RP, the yield increased from 0.86 mol/mol-sucrose at 24 h of HRT to the maximum of 1.22 mol/mol-sucrose at 14 h of HRT, and then decreased to 0.78 mol/mol-sucrose at 2 h. Overall, the reactor with packing was more effective than the one free of packing. In both reactors, sludge agglutinated into granules. The microbial community of granular sludge in RP was investigated using 16S rDNA based techniques. The distribution of bacterial cells and extracellular polysaccharides in hydrogen-producing granules was investigated by fluorescence-based techniques. Results indicated that most of the N-acetyl-galactosamine/galactose-containing extracellular polysaccharides were distributed on the outer layer of the granules with a filamentous structure.

scholarly journals Influence of silica–alumina support ratio on H2 production and catalyst carbon deposition from the Ni-catalytic pyrolysis/reforming of waste tyres

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshui Zhang ◽  
Yongwen Tao ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Paul Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Alumina Support ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Waste Tyres ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The influence of catalyst support alumina–silica in terms of different Al2O3 to SiO2 mole ratios containing 20 wt.% Ni on the production of hydrogen and catalyst coke formation from the pyrolysis-catalysis of waste tyres is reported. A two-stage reactor system was used with pyrolysis of the tyres followed by catalytic reaction. There was only a small difference in the total gas yield and hydrogen yield by changing the Al2O3 to SiO2 mole ratios in the Ni-Al2O3/SiO2 catalyst. The 1:1 ratio of Al2O3:SiO2 ratio produced the highest gas yield of 27.3 wt.% and a hydrogen production of 14.0 mmol g-1tyre. Catalyst coke formation decreased from 19.0 to 13.0 wt.% as the Al2O3:SiO2 ratio was changed from 1:1 to 2:1, with more than 95% of the coke being filamentous-type carbon, a large proportion of which was multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Further experiments introduced steam to the second-stage reactor to investigate hydrogen production for the pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming of the waste tyres using the 1:1 Al2O3/SiO2 nickel catalyst. The introduction of steam produced a marked increase in total gas yield from ~27 wt. % to ~58 wt.%; in addition, hydrogen production was increased to 34.5 mmol g-1 and there was a reduction in catalyst coke formation to 4.6 wt.%.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production from Coffee Mucilage in Dark Fermentation with Organic Wastes

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Cárdenas ◽  
Arley Zapata-Zapata ◽  
Daehwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Hydrogen Metabolism ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Experimental Conditions

One of primary issues in the coffee manufacturing industry is the production of large amounts of undesirable residues, which include the pericarp (outer skin), pulp (outer mesocarp), parchment (endocarp), silver-skin (epidermis) and mucilage (inner mesocarp) that cause environmental problems due to toxic molecules contained therein. This study evaluated the optimal hydrogen production from coffee mucilage combined with organic wastes (wholesale market garbage) in a dark fermentation process. The supplementation of organic wastes offered appropriate carbon and nitrogen sources with further nutrients; it was positively effective in achieving cumulative hydrogen production. Three different ratios of coffee mucilage and organic wastes (8:2, 5:5, and 2:8) were tested in 30 L bioreactors using two-level factorial design experiments. The highest cumulative hydrogen volume of 25.9 L was gained for an 8:2 ratio (coffee mucilage: organic wastes) after 72 h, which corresponded to 1.295 L hydrogen/L substrates (0.248 mol hydrogen/mol hexose). Biochemical identification of microorganisms found that seven microorganisms were involved in the hydrogen metabolism. Further studies of anaerobic fermentative digestion with each isolated pure bacterium under similar experimental conditions reached a lower final hydrogen yield (up to 9.3 L) than the result from the non-isolated sample (25.9 L). Interestingly, however, co-cultivation of two identified microorganisms (Kocuria kristinae and Brevibacillus laterosporus), who were relatively highly associated with hydrogen production, gave a higher yield (14.7 L) than single bacterium inoculum but lower than that of the non-isolated tests. This work confirms that the re-utilization of coffee mucilage combined with organic wastes is practical for hydrogen fermentation in anaerobic conditions, and it would be influenced by the bacterial consortium involved.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Hydrogen Production in Catalytic Dry Reforming: A Systematic Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2894
Author(s):  
Van Thuan Le ◽  
Elena-Niculina Dragoi ◽  
Fares Almomani ◽  
Yasser Vasseghian
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Supports ◽  
Artificial Neural

Dry reforming of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and biological compounds is one of the most promising and effective avenues to increase hydrogen (H2) production. Catalytic dry reforming is used to facilitate the reforming process. The most popular catalysts for dry reforming are Ni-based catalysts. Due to their inactivation at high temperatures, these catalysts need to use metal supports, which have received special attention from researchers in recent years. Due to the existence of a wide range of metal supports and the need for accurate detection of higher H2 production, in this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis using ANNs were conducted to assess the hydrogen production by various catalysts in the dry reforming process. The Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were investigated to retrieve the related articles from 1 January 2000 until 20 January 2021. Forty-seven articles containing 100 studies were included. To determine optimal models for three target factors (hydrocarbon conversion, hydrogen yield, and stability test time), artificial neural networks (ANNs) combined with differential evolution (DE) were applied. The best models obtained had an average relative error for the testing data of 0.52% for conversion, 3.36% for stability, and 0.03% for yield. These small differences between experimental results and predictions indicate a good generalization capability.

scholarly journals Understanding the NaCl-dependent behavior of hydrogen production of a marine bacterium,Vibrio tritonius

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6769
Author(s):  
Nurhidayu Al-saari ◽  
Eri Amada ◽  
Yuta Matsumura ◽  
Mami Tanaka ◽  
Sayaka Mino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biohydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Molar Yield ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen

Biohydrogen is one of the most suitable clean energy sources for sustaining a fossil fuel independent society. The use of both land and ocean bioresources as feedstocks show great potential in maximizing biohydrogen production, but sodium ion is one of the main obstacles in efficient bacterial biohydrogen production.Vibrio tritoniusstrain AM2 can perform efficient hydrogen production with a molar yield of 1.7 mol H2/mol mannitol, which corresponds to 85% theoretical molar yield of H2production, under saline conditions. With a view to maximizing the hydrogen production using marine biomass, it is important to accumulate knowledge on the effects of salts on the hydrogen production kinetics. Here, we show the kinetics in batch hydrogen production ofV. tritoniusstrain AM2 to investigate the response to various NaCl concentrations. The modified Han–Levenspiel model reveals that salt inhibition in hydrogen production usingV. tritoniusstarts precisely at the point where 10.2 g/L of NaCl is added, and is critically inhibited at 46 g/L. NaCl concentration greatly affects the substrate consumption which in turn affects both growth and hydrogen production. The NaCl-dependent behavior of fermentative hydrogen production ofV. tritoniuscompared to that ofEscherichia coliJCM 1649 reveals the marine-adapted fermentative hydrogen production system inV. tritonius.V. tritoniusAM2 is capable of producing hydrogen from seaweed carbohydrate under a wide range of NaCl concentrations (5 to 46 g/L). The optimal salt concentration producing the highest levels of hydrogen, optimal substrate consumption and highest molar hydrogen yield is at 10 g/L NaCl (1.0% (w/v)).

Microbial electrolysis cell scale-up for combined wastewater treatment and hydrogen production

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gil-Carrera ◽  
A. Escapa ◽  
P. Mehta ◽  
G. Santoyo ◽  
S.R. Guiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis

scholarly journals Dark Fermentation of Sweet Sorghum Stalks, Cheese Whey and Cow Manure Mixture: Effect of pH, Pretreatment and Organic Load

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Margarita Andreas Dareioti ◽  
Aikaterini Ioannis Vavouraki ◽  
Konstantina Tsigkou ◽  
Constantina Zafiri ◽  
Michael Kornaros
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Cow Manure

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for dark fermentation using agro-industrial liquid wastewaters mixed with sweet sorghum stalks (i.e., 55% sorghum, 40% cheese whey, and 5% liquid cow manure). Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effect of controlled pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5) on the production of bio-hydrogen and volatile fatty acids. According to the obtained results, the maximum hydrogen yield of 0.52 mol H2/mol eq. glucose was measured at pH 5.5 accompanied by the highest volatile fatty acids production, whereas similar hydrogen productivity was also observed at pH 6.0 and 6.5. The use of heat-treated anaerobic sludge as inoculum had a positive impact on bio-hydrogen production, exhibiting an increased yield of 1.09 mol H2/mol eq. glucose. On the other hand, the pretreated (ensiled) sorghum, instead of a fresh one, led to a lower hydrogen production, while the organic load decrease did not affect the process performance. In all experiments, the main fermentation end-products were volatile fatty acids (i.e., acetic, propionic, butyric), ethanol and lactic acid.

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