A Powerful Tool for Optimal Control of Energy Systems in Sustainable Buildings: Distortion Power Bivector

In the field of building constructions, there is undeniably a growing need to optimize the energy systems which are a key target in new modern constructions and industrial buildings. In this sense, energy systems are being traced for the development of energy distribution networks that are increasingly smart, efficient, and sustainable. Modern generation and distribution energy systems, such as microgrids control systems, are being affected by the presence of linear and nonlinear loads, resulting a distorted voltage and current waveforms. Thus, it is stated that industrial and residential building heating and cooling loads behave essentially like sources of harmonics. This paper presents a new framework based on geometric algebra (GA) to the definition of a multivectorial distortion power concept, which is represented by a bivector that is geometrically interpreted to distinguish the rotated distortion and distortion power bivectors in these kinds of loads. Both bivectors, and their relations to the phase angles of distorted voltage are the main subject of this paper to interpret an optimal control of building energy. Numerical examples are used to illustrate of the suggested distortion power concept, as well as the information it provides for energy control in new buildings in a more sustainable way.

Sustainable Energy: Challenges of Implementing New Technologies

Sudan is an agricultural country with fertile land, plenty of water resources, livestock, forestry resources, and agricultural residues. Energy is one of the key factors for the development of national economies in Sudan. An overview of the energy situation in Sudan is introduced with reference to the end uses and regional distribution. Energy sources are divided into two main types; conventional energy (biomass, petroleum products, and electricity); and non-conventional energy (solar, wind, hydro, etc.). Sudan possesses a relatively high abundance of sunshine, solar radiation, and moderate wind speeds, hydro, and biomass energy resources. Application of new and renewable sources of energy available in Sudan is now a major issue in the future energy strategic planning for the alternative to the fossil conventional energy to provide part of the local energy demand. Sudan is an important case study in the context of renewable energy. It has a long history of meeting its energy needs through renewables. Sudan’s renewables portfolio is broad and diverse, due in part to the country’s wide range of climates and landscapes. Like many of the African leaders in renewable energy utilisation, Sudan has a well-defined commitment to continue research, development, and implementation of new technologies. Sustainable low-carbon energy scenarios for the new century emphasise the untapped potential of renewable resources. Rural areas of Sudan can benefit from this transition. The increased availability of reliable and efficient energy services stimulates new development alternatives. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented, and demonstrated by full-scale plant especially for use in remote rural areas.

Analytical modeling of methane hydrate dissociation under thermal stimulation

In this study, a one-dimensional analytical model to describe heat and mass transfer during methane hydrate dissociation under thermal stimulation in porous media has been developed. The model is based on a similarity solution that considers a moving dissociation boundary which separates the dissociated zone containing produced gas and water from the un-dissociated zone containing only methane hydrate. The results of temperature distribution, pressure distribution, energy efficiency, and parametric study considering various initial and boundary conditions as well as various reservoir properties are presented and compared with previous studies. Sensitivity analysis of gas production on reservoir properties is also presented in this paper. The dissociation boundary moves faster by increasing the heat source temperature while decreasing the heat source pressure simultaneously, but the associated energy efficiency decreases. Increasing the well thickness has a negative effect on the energy efficiency of the process. Among the proposed thermal properties of the system, only the thermal diffusivities and conductivites of the reservoir as well as the porosity of the sediment affect the dissociation. The main contribution of this work is investigating analytically the hydrate dissociation using thermal stimulation by taking into account the effect of wellbore thickness and structure.

A REVIEW ON RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric vehicles (EVs) or renewable energy (RE) sources provide the potential to significantly reduce emissions of carbon as of the economy's transport & power generation sectors. There can be a range of impacts and benefits to the mass adoption of EVs, with the ability to aid in integrating renewable energy into current electricity grids. Present literature on EVs, power grid as well as the integration of RE is reviewed in this paper. Literature’s main methods and assumptions are deliberated. Economic, environmental & the grid effects of EVs are studied. Several research studies have been conducted on the ability of EVs to integrate Res. literature indicates that excess RE generated on a power grid can be reduced significantly. In the Vehicle to grid (V2G) idea the Plug-in electric vehicle (PEVs) can be performed as the load or as the distribution energy source. By using the V2G idea the performance of the electricity grid will increases. The efficiency, stability & reliability will increase.

The Internet of Things Based Fault Tolerant Redundancy for Energy Router in the Interacted and Interconnected Micro Grid

The distribution energy router (DER) is the core of the interacted and interconnected micro grid in future distribution network, which fully meets the needs of the ubiquitous power internet of things (IOT) based future distribution network. The reliability of micro grid which applies the DER is highly related to its cascaded full-bridge converters. With the redundant full-bridge converters and IOT technology, the DER can stand the component failures, hence improve the robustness of the DER as well as the future interacted and interconnected micro grid. For a ubiquitous power IOT technology based DER, this paper proposes a redundancy design for fault tolerant strategy. Several redundancy designs are discussed in detail with operational principles and control strategies. The proposed redundancy design is implemented on the power circuit of one phase for DER consists of a nine-level cascaded full-bridge converter in Saber simulation platform, and the simulation results prove that the redundancy design can minimize the customer’s power interrupt time and the consequent damages to the system.

Reactive Power Control for Single-Phase GridConnected PV Inverter using Fuzzy Controller

This paper proposes grid system and its controlling techniques to regulate the continuous changes in operational requirements and deregulation problems. In the present scenario, the distribution energy systems play an important role in maintaining the power system reliability and stability in distribution domain. The proposed grid is a structure of PV and hybrid system. To achieve the maximum operation from the renewable sources an MPPT methods is proposed. This paper also proposes a concept for controlling of reactive power in single phase grid connected PV system. In order to achieve this reactive power control, this paper is implemented with different current regulated controllers such as conventional PI controller, PR controller, ASDM controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller. This proposed system with different controllers are tested and verified in MATLAB environment.