scholarly journals Pyrolysis Preparation Process of CeO2 with the Addition of Citric Acid: A Fundamental Study

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Chao Lv ◽  
Ming-He Sun ◽  
Hong-Xin Yin ◽  
Zhen-Feng Wang ◽  
Tian-Yuan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Distribution Effect ◽  
Energy Storage Material ◽  
Citric Acid Content

CeO2 is an important energy storage material that can be used in solid fuel cells. Adding citric acid can improve the particle distribution of the pyrolytic preparation of CeO2 inside the reactor. Through Fluent, this paper investigated the pyrolysis preparation of CeO2 with the addition of citric acid by adopting the Eulerian multiphase flow model, component transportation model, and standard k-ε turbulence model. The experimental and simulation results suggest that the addition of citric acid can alter the pressure, temperature, and component distributions inside the reactor. When the mass fraction of O2 is 0.3, the concentration distribution effect of the CeO2 component is optimal and its conversation rate is the highest. When the mass fraction of citric acid is 0.04, the concentration distribution effect of the CeO2 component is the best, as witnessed by the high CeO2 concentration at the exit. It was found that an O2 content of 30 wt % and citric acid content of 4 wt % were optimal operating conditions for this technology.

scholarly journals CITRIC ACID CONTENT OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

1921 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461
Author(s):  
G.C. Supplee ◽  
B. Bellis
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Citric Acid Content

scholarly journals Modelling of Humidity Dynamics for Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Chen ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Jieran Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The durability and output performance of a fuel cell is highly influenced by the internal humidity, while in most developed models of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells (OC-PEMFC) the internal water content is viewed as a fixed value. Based on mass and energy conservation law, mass transport theory and electrochemistry principles, the model of humidity dynamics for OC-PEMFC is established in Simulink® environment, including the electrochemical model, mass flow model and thermal model. In the mass flow model, the water retention property and oxygen transfer characteristics of the gas diffusion layer is modelled. The simulation indicates that the internal humidity of OC-PEMFC varies with stack temperature and operating conditions, which has a significant influence on stack efficiency and output performance. In order to maintain a good internal humidity state during operation, this model can be used to determine the optimal stack temperature and for the design of a proper control strategy.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE CITRIC ACID CONTENT OF MILK

1918 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
H.H. Sommer ◽  
E.B. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Citric Acid Content

Effect of Dietary Magnesium and Fluoride on Citric Acid Content of Chick Bones.

1964 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Griffith ◽  
H. E. Parker ◽  
J. C. Rogler
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Citric Acid Content

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH KULIT KACANG TANAH DENGAN PEREKAT ALAMI ASAM SITRAT DENGAN PELARUT ASAP CAIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Ngadianto ◽  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Dhuria Maulidya Sari ◽  
Utari Mardatillah ◽  
Dera Fara Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Citric Acid Content ◽  
Dry Wood

Binderlessboard is one of the potential eco friendly products that can be developed. Utiliation of natural adhesives for non-wood composite is still very limited. Therefore, this research is focused on effects of citric acid content and pressing time on characteristics of particleboard made from peanut shell including its durability to dry wood termite attacks. Peanut shell particles were used as raw materials. Citric acid dissolved in liquid smoke which functioned as a water substitute solvent under a certain ratio and the concentration of the solution was adjusted to 60%. The use of liquid smoke is expected to increase the durability of the particleboard. Factors used in this research were citric acid content (10-30% based on dry weight particles) and pressing time (10 minutes and 15 minutes). Properties of particleboard were analyed based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 for particleboard. The dry wood termite resistance was then analyzed for its weight loss and mortality after 4 weeks. The results showed that the best particleboard was obtained from the treatment of 30% citric acid content with 15 minutes of pressing time where only the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity did not met the requirement of JIS A 5908 type 8 with the thickness swelling were 3.276%, water absorption were 44,991%, internal bonding were 4.679 kgf / cm², modulus of rupture were 26.822 kgf / cm², and modulus of elasticity were 8,986,058 kgf / cm². The best value of weight loss and mortality of dry wood termites on particleboard was obtained in a combination of 30% citric acid content with 10 minutes pressing time were 1.083% and 38.67% respectively.

A Novel Bulk-Flow Model for Improved Predictions of Force Coefficients in Grooved Oil Seals Operating Eccentrically

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis San Andrés ◽  
Adolfo Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Hydrodynamic Instability ◽  
Added Mass ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Process Gas

Oil seals in centrifugal compressors reduce leakage of the process gas into the support bearings and ambient. Under certain operating conditions of speed and pressure, oil seals lock, becoming a source of hydrodynamic instability due to excessively large cross coupled stiffness coefficients. It is a common practice to machine circumferential grooves, breaking the seal land, to isolate shear flow induced film pressures in contiguous lands, and hence reducing the seal cross coupled stiffnesses. Published tests results for oil seal rings shows that an inner land groove, shallow or deep, does not actually reduce the cross-stiffnesses as much as conventional models predict. In addition, the tested grooved oil seals evidenced large added mass coefficients while predictive models, based on classical lubrication theory, neglect fluid inertia effects. This paper introduces a bulk-flow model for groove oil seals operating eccentrically and its solution via the finite element (FE) method. The analysis relies on an effective groove depth, different from the physical depth, which delimits the upper boundary for the squeeze film flow. Predictions of rotordynamic force coefficients are compared to published experimental force coefficients for a smooth land seal and a seal with a single inner groove with depth equaling 15 times the land clearance. The test data represent operation at 10 krpm and 70 bar supply pressure, and four journal eccentricity ratios (e/c= 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7). Predictions from the current model agree with the test data for operation at the lowest eccentricities (e/c= 0.3) with discrepancies increasing at larger journal eccentricities. The new flow model is a significant improvement towards the accurate estimation of grooved seal cross-coupled stiffnesses and added mass coefficients; the latter was previously ignored or largely under predicted.

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