scholarly journals Pathological Features and Prognostication in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 5356-5383
Author(s):  
Kabytto Chen ◽  
Geoffrey Collins ◽  
Henry Wang ◽  
James Wei Tatt Toh
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Lymph Node Yield ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Node Ratio

The prognostication of colorectal cancer (CRC) has traditionally relied on staging as defined by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging classifications. However, clinically, there appears to be differences in survival patterns independent of stage, suggesting a complex interaction of stage, pathological features, and biomarkers playing a role in guiding prognosis, risk stratification, and guiding neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. Histological features such as tumour budding, perineural invasion, apical lymph node involvement, lymph node yield, lymph node ratio, and molecular features such as MSI, KRAS, BRAF, and CDX2 may assist in prognostication and optimising adjuvant treatment. This study provides a comprehensive review of the pathological features and biomarkers that are important in the prognostication and treatment of CRC. We review the importance of pathological features and biomarkers that may be important in colorectal cancer based on the current evidence in the literature.

scholarly journals Role of lymph node yield and lymph node ratio in predicting outcomes in non-metastatic colorectal cancer

BJS Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Lee ◽  
S. Wilkins ◽  
K. Oliva ◽  
M. P. Staples ◽  
P. J. McMurrick
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node Ratio ◽  
Lymph Node Yield ◽  
Node Ratio ◽  
Node Yield

scholarly journals Lymph node ratio versus TNM system as prognostic factor in colorectal cancer staging. A single Center experience

Open Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Moccia ◽  
Salvatore Tolone ◽  
Alfredo Allaria ◽  
Vincenzo Napolitano ◽  
D’Amico Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Lymph Node Ratio ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Tnm System ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Node Ratio

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to establish the actual validity of the lymph node ratio (LNR) as a prognostic factor for colorectal cancer patients, and to verify differences of survival and disease-free interval.MethodsPatients referred with colorectal cancer who underwent potentially curative surgery between January 1997 and December 2011 were included. Lymph node ratio, TNM staging and survival were extracted from surgical, histological and follow-up records.ResultsTwo hundred eigthy six patients with different stages of colorectal cancer underwent surgery, with comparison of survival prediction based on lymph node ratio and TNM staging. The overall survival rate was 78.3%, the recurrence rate was 11.9% and the mortality rate was estimated as 21.7%. Univariate analysis in relation to survival was significant for the following variables: serum level of CEA, CA 19.9 value, degree of histological differentiation, and tumor growth. There weren’t any statistically significant differences for the LNR (LNR </ ≥0.16: p = 0.116). The TNM system was effective both in discriminating between survival stages (Stage II vs. Stage III: p = 0.05) and in differentiating sub-groups (p = 0.05).ConclusionsLNR alone could not be considered a better prognostic factor than the TNM system. However, future studies are needed in a larger number of patients with a standardized surgical, pathological and medical protocol.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of the lymph node ratio in stage III colorectal cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Qing Ren ◽  
Jian-Wei Liu ◽  
Zhi-Tang Chen ◽  
Shao-Jie Liu ◽  
Shi-Jie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Lymph Node Ratio ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Node Ratio

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Factors Influencing Lymph Node Yield in Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Orsenigo ◽  
Giulia Gasparini ◽  
Michele Carlucci
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Lymph Node Yield ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Lymph Node Retrieval

Many colorectal resections do not meet the minimum of 12 lymph nodes (LNs) recommended by the American Joint Committee on Cancer for accurate staging of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting the number of the adequate nodal yield in colorectal specimens subject to routine pathological assessment. We have retrospectively analysed the data of 2319 curatively resected colorectal cancer patients in San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, between 1993 and 2017 (1259 colon cancer patients and 675 rectal cancer patients plus 385 rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy). The factors influencing lymph node retrieval were subjected to uni- and multivariate analyses. Moreover, a survival analysis was carried out to verify the prognostic implications of nodal counts. The mean number of evaluated nodes was 24.08±11.4, 20.34±11.8, and 15.33±9.64 in surgically treated right-sided colon cancer, left-sided colon cancer, and rectal tumors, respectively. More than 12 lymph nodes were reported in surgical specimens in 1094 (86.9%) cases in the colon cohort and in 425 (63%) cases in the rectal cohort, and patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation were analysed separately. On univariate analysis of the colon cancer group, higher LNs counts were associated with female sex, right colon cancer, emergency surgery, pT3-T4 diseases, higher tumor size, and resected specimen length. On multivariate analysis right colon tumors, larger mean size of tumor, length of specimen, pT3-T4 disease, and female sex were found to significantly affect lymph node retrieval. Colon cancer patients with 12 or more lymph nodes removed had a significantly better long-term survival than those with 11 or fewer nodes (P=0.002, log-rank test). Rectal cancer patients with 12 or more lymph nodes removed approached but did not reach a statistically different survival (P=0.055, log-rank test). Multiple tumor and patients’ factors are associated with lymph node yield, but only the removal of at least 12 lymph nodes will reliably determine lymph node status.

Is node ratio superior to numeric criterion in evaluating lymph node involvement in gastric cancer?

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 989-990
Author(s):  
L. Ruspi ◽  
S. Rausei ◽  
V. Dadomo ◽  
F. Galli ◽  
L. Giavarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Node Ratio ◽  
Node Involvement
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