scholarly journals Structure of Rhodolith Beds and Surrounding Habitats at the Doce River Shelf (Brazil)

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitória Holz ◽  
Ricardo Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Karez ◽  
Fernanda Vieira ◽  
Fernando Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Mouth ◽  
Outer Shelf ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Carbonate Concretions ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Mining Residues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Doce River

The world’s largest rhodolith beds have been reported from the Brazilian continental shelf. Highly biodiverse beds are located in Southeast Brazil, but ecological aspects of these beds remain unknown. Despite their ecological importance, rhodolith beds (RBs) have recently been subjected to a severe threat, when more than 35 million cubic meters of mining residues slid down a mountainside on 5 November 2015, after a collapse of a gigantic dam upstream (the Mariana disaster), causing a huge impact on the Doce River. Our aim is to assess rhodolith beds and adjacent coralline formations on the Doce River Shelf (DRS) after the dam collapse. This paper describes the distribution, abundance, vitality, size and shape, as well as unmapped bryozoan rich sediment formations in this area, serving as baseline knowledge for environmental monitoring. Four distinct biogenic sea bottom habitats (bryozoan bottoms, rhodolith beds, carbonate concretions, and reefs) were recognized at different depth ranges with distribution indicated to be mostly related to the local sedimentary regime. Mud sediments dominated the seafloor up to 35 m depth. On the mid shelf, bryozoan bottoms were recorded from 35 to 45 m depth. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) occurring as rhodoliths and carbonate concretions extend over 1953 km2 in the mid and outer shelf. Rhodolith beds predominate in these areas, totaling 1521 km2 of sea bottom and were more abundant at depths between 45 and 65 m, occupying an extensive area south of the Doce River mouth. Northward, rhodolith beds are less abundant or absent likely due to the long-term deposition of fine sediments in this region. Carbonate concretions and reefs covered by CCA occupy sparse areas on the outer shelf (65–105 m depth). Differences in rhodolith features recorded, including coverage, density and size, may be related to the Doce River sedimentation and related factors (e.g., hydrodynamics, depth, and light). However, since there are no previous detailed studies on RBs along the DRS, we could not assess the impact of sedimentation of dam wastes on RBs’ abundance and density. In any case, these are valuable results for the further monitoring of long-term effects. Considering that the growth of these rhodoliths is relatively slow, and that they are affected by the sedimentation from the Doce River, the implementation of a management and conservation plan for this area is necessary in order to preserve this ecosystem.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MEDICATION REGIMEN COMPLEXITY ON ADHERENCE TO LONG-TERM THERAPIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
SHAKEEL AHMAD MIR ◽  
DANISH SHAKEEL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Regimen Complexity ◽  
Regimen Complexity ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Adherence is a multifactorial phenomenon. Medication-related factors have long been the focus of attention. However, the results are inconsistent. Methods: In a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of outpatients, we assessed 180 patients suffering from chronic conditions. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of medication regimen complexity on adherence to long-term drug therapies. Results: 91.66% of patients receiving more than four drugs had good or high adherence. 80.94% of patients on thrice a day (or more) drug administration had good or high adherence. 91.66% of patients receiving drug therapy for more than 5 years had good or high adherence. In all other groups, the adherence was low. The adherence was significantly (p<0.05) and positively (rs=0.792 and 0.846) correlated to the frequency of drug administration and duration of treatment. Adherence was positively correlated to the number of drugs per day (rs=0.668) but the relationships were not statistically significant (p=0.102). All the correlations were large. Conclusions: We found adherence positively correlated with medication regimen complexity. An improved understanding of the determinants of medication adherence is needed. Keywords: Medication regimen complexity, Adherence, Long-term therapy, Chronic disease

scholarly journals Impact on the copepod community structure in a coastal region after a mining dam disaster in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz F L Fernandes ◽  
Juliano B Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mining Dam ◽  
Mining Residues ◽  
Doce River

Zooplankton plays an important role in marine ecosystems by controlling the phytoplankton population, regenerating nutrients and exporting biogenic matter. Their distribution is limited by the environmental characteristics of the pelagic realm, and potential changes in the environment may promote several levels of responses. Zooplankton was sampled in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in a coastal region near the Doce River after the worst mining dam disaster ever recorded in Brazilian waters. Samples were collected using a WP2 plankton net fitted with a 200-micron mesh and a mechanical flowmeter, and preserved in a 4% buffered formaldehyde. Results showed an increase in abundance right after the disaster with more than 222.959 ind.m-3 at the river mouth, a two-hundred-fold increase over the past year, with two copepod species, Parvocalanus scotti and Oithona nana, making up to 80% of this total abundance. A decrease in species richness and diversity was also observed in the sampling area along the year as well as a shift in species composition. A significant impact on the zooplankton community was observed due to the mining residues that reached the coastal area of the Doce River in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with negative consequences for the entire local food web.

scholarly journals Impact on the copepod community structure in a coastal region after a mining dam disaster in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz F L Fernandes ◽  
Juliano B Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mining Dam ◽  
Mining Residues ◽  
Doce River

Zooplankton plays an important role in marine ecosystems by controlling the phytoplankton population, regenerating nutrients and exporting biogenic matter. Their distribution is limited by the environmental characteristics of the pelagic realm, and potential changes in the environment may promote several levels of responses. Zooplankton was sampled in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in a coastal region near the Doce River after the worst mining dam disaster ever recorded in Brazilian waters. Samples were collected using a WP2 plankton net fitted with a 200-micron mesh and a mechanical flowmeter, and preserved in a 4% buffered formaldehyde. Results showed an increase in abundance right after the disaster with more than 222.959 ind.m-3 at the river mouth, a two-hundred-fold increase over the past year, with two copepod species, Parvocalanus scotti and Oithona nana, making up to 80% of this total abundance. A decrease in species richness and diversity was also observed in the sampling area along the year as well as a shift in species composition. A significant impact on the zooplankton community was observed due to the mining residues that reached the coastal area of the Doce River in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with negative consequences for the entire local food web.

Anticoagulation after Iliofemoral Vein Stenting - Old Versus New

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (38) ◽  
pp. 4525-4533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja B. Drebes ◽  
Neil H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antithrombotic Treatment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Stent Patency ◽  
Venous Outflow Obstruction ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in endovascular iliofemoral vein stenting to prevent/ alleviate symptoms related to proximal venous outflow obstruction. Maintaining long-term stent patency is one of the main challenges, and risk factors for the development of re-thrombosis are not well understood. Published data on the safety and efficacy of the procedure predominantly come from cohort studies mainly focusing on mechanical aspects relating to stent placement and flow. Aetiology of thrombus formation and thrombotic tendencies of patients due to underlying medical conditions are not captured well or linked to clinical outcomes, and the impact of choice and length of antithrombotic therapy have not been specifically investigated. Here, we review different procedure-related factors and patient characteristics that might increase the risk of re-thrombosis and the utility of antithrombotic treatment options currently available.

Abstract WMP53: Sex Differences n Long-term Mortality and Disability After Stroke: The International Stroke Outcomes Study

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang T Phan ◽  
Mathew J Reeves ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
Amanda Thrift ◽  
Dominique Cadilhac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: It is uncertain why women suffer worse long-term outcomes after stroke than men. We examined sex differences in mortality and disability 1 and 5 years after stroke and identified factors contributing to these differences. Methods: Individual patient data pooling study of incident strokes (ischemic and hemorrhagic) from 1987-2013 obtained from 12 population-based cohorts from Australasia, Europe, South America and the Caribbean. Data on socio-demographics, stroke-related factors and pre-stroke health were obtained for each patient and harmonized between studies. Poisson modelling estimated the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for women compared to men at 1 year (12 studies) and 5 years (7 studies) post-stroke. Log binomial regression estimated the relative risk (RR) of poor outcome (modified Rankin scale>2 or Barthel Index <20) for women compared to men at 1 year (9 studies) and 5 years (6 studies) after stroke. Multivariable models were adjusted for potential confounders including age, pre-stroke dependency, stroke severity and comorbidities. Results: A total of 16557 first-ever-stroke patients with follow-up data to 1 year and 12,839 with follow-up to 5 years were included. The pooled crude mortality was greater in women than men at 1-year (MRR 1.37 95% CI 1.27-1.48) and 5 years (MRR 1.25 95% CI 1.13-1.39). However, these sex differences were reversed after adjustment for confounders at both 1 year (MRR 0.94 95% CI 0.82-1.06) and 5-years post stroke (MRR 0.74 95% CI 0.66-0.84). Similarly, the pooled crude RR for disability after stroke was greater in women than men at 1-year (RR 1.28 95% CI 1.17-1.39 and 5-year (RR 1.32 95% CI 1.18-1.47), but these sex differences disappeared after adjustment at both 1 year (RR 1.08 95%CI 0.98-1.18) and 5-years post stroke (RR 1.08 95% CI 0.97-1.20). The key contributors to worse outcomes in women were greater age, pre-stroke dependency, severe strokes and atrial fibrillation (AF, mortality only) compared with men. Conclusion: Worse outcomes in women were mostly due to age and potentially modifiable factors of stroke severity and AF providing potential targets to reduce the impact of stroke in women.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota during early life – impact on health and disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Nylund ◽  
Reetta Satokari ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Willem M. de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

In the first years after birth, the intestinal microbiota develops rapidly both in diversity and complexity while being relatively stable in healthy adults. Different life-style-related factors as well as medical practices have an influence on the early-life intestinal colonisation. We address the impact of some of these factors on the consecutive microbiota development and later health. An overview is presented of the microbial colonisation steps and the role of the host in that process. Moreover, new early biomarkers are discussed with examples that include the association of microbiota and atopic diseases, the correlation of colic and early development and the impact of the use of antibiotics in early life. Our understanding of the development and function of the intestinal microbiota is constantly improving but the long-term influence of early-life microbiota on later life health deserves careful clinical studies.

scholarly journals Self-reported mould and long-term sickness absences from work

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482091956
Author(s):  
Eerika Finell ◽  
Jouko Nätti
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact

Aims: The impact of indoor mould on employees’ long-term absence from sickness (more than 10 days of absence) is poorly understood. This paper examines whether self-reported mould was related to long-term absences from work between 1 and 3 years later. Methods: By using negative binomial modelling, we analysed a representative sample of the working-age population in Finland ( N = 16,084) from the Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys in 1997, 2003, 2008 and 2013 combined with the register-based follow-up data of participants’ long-term sickness absences covering a period of 1 to 3 years after the Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys was collected. Results: After all necessary background, work- and health-related factors were included in the model, employees who reported mould in their work had 1.20 higher rates of long-term sickness absence than those who did not report mould (mould: estimated marginal mean = 13.45 days; no mould: estimated marginal mean = 11.23). If employees perceived that mould caused strain, they had 1.30 higher rates of long-term absence than those who did not report such strain (mould caused strain: estimated marginal mean = 14.64 days; mould did not cause strain: estimated marginal mean = 11.25). In total, 10% ( N=1628) of employees reported mould in their workplace and 6% ( N=987) reported that mould caused strain. Conclusions: Supervisors, occupational physicians and other authorities need to take employees’ complaints of mould in the workplace seriously.

scholarly journals Selective facilitation of egocentric mental transformations under short-term microgravity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Meirhaeghe ◽  
Virginie Bayet ◽  
Pierre-Vincent Paubel ◽  
Claudine Mélan
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Mental Rotations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Transformations

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the impact of microgravity on human cognitive performance is crucial to guarantee the safety and success of future long-term manned missions. The effects of weightlessness on key mental processes such as spatial abilities are in particular not fully characterized. In this study, we examine the influence of microgravity on perspective-taking abilities—a type of mental operation especially relevant in the context of collaborative teamwork between ‘free-floating’ astronauts. Twelve subjects performed a cooperative task in virtual-reality under both normal and short-term microgravity conditions during a parabolic flight. The task involved various degrees of mental transformations, and required subjects to perform actions instructed by a fellow astronaut aboard a virtual spacecraft. The experimental design allowed us to control for nuisance variables, training effects, and non-gravity related factors of parabolic flights. Overall, our results indicated that microgravity has a facilitatory effect on perspective-taking abilities. Notably, this facilitation was selective to conditions requiring subjects to rotate their perspective around their line of sight, i.e., for mental rotations in the frontal plane. Moreover, microgravity affected subjects differently depending on their visual field dependence, as determined via a classic rod-and-frame test. Specifically, improvement in performance was more pronounced in field-independent subjects. Together, these results shed light on a long standing debate about the impact of microgravity on egocentric mental imagery, and have direct operational consequences for future long-term missions.

scholarly journals Women’s health in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Do sex and gender matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Joanna Zembala-John
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic has negatively affected all spheres of life, leading to the deterioration of health and quality of life. Although it has affected both men and women, it has had an extraordinary impact on the latter, exposing and exacerbating the existing health inequalities among those groups. There is increasing evidence that both sex and gender-related factors make women more prone to the harmful effects of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is expected that the crisis caused by coronavirus will have long-term severe medical, social, and economic consequences in this population. This paper aimed to investigate the key factors contributing to the different outcomes of COVID-19 in men and women and present multi-dimensional effects of coronavirus pandemic from the perspective of women. Sex and gender differences must not be ignored in analyzing the impact of COVID-19. Sex/gender-oriented approach should be implemented in all public health actions: from collecting sex-disaggregated data to designing tailored repair post-COVID policies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document