scholarly journals Reclaimed Mine Sites: Forests and Plant Diversity

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Pavla Vachova ◽  
Marek Vach ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Alena Walmsley ◽  
Martin Berka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Spontaneous Succession ◽  
Mine Sites

The relationship between vegetation and selected soil characteristics in different monoculture forest types was investigated as part of a landscape restoration project after brown coal mining. Six forest types were selected: alder (Alnus sp.), spruce (Picea sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), larch (Larix sp.), long-term deciduous forest (Quercus robur, Tilia sp.), and forest created by spontaneous succession. These stands were classified into two age categories (younger and older). The soil attributes, C/N, TC, TN, pH, and A horizon depth were assessed. The observed species were categorized into functional groups by life history, life forms according to Raunkiær, and affinity to the forest environment. C/N ratio, humus thickness, and canopy cover were the main soil parameters affecting plant communities. The highest C/N values were recorded in Pinus and Larix stands, which were significantly different from deciduous and succession stands. The highest diversity index was noted in younger stands of Alnus and the lowest in younger stands of Picea. Intermediate values of the diversity index were achieved in successional stands at both age levels and in Larix and Alnus stands. The species belonging to a functional group was not an important factor in these habitat types. The species composition and vegetation change over time in the Alnus, long-life deciduous, and Larix stands show that these species are more suitable for forestry reclamation than spruce or pine. The study also emphasizes the great value of spontaneous succession areas as full-fledged alternatives to forestry reclamation.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals HEIGHT-DIAMETER MODELS FOR THREE SUBTROPICAL FOREST TYPES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Christian Vibrans ◽  
Paolo Moser ◽  
Laio Zimermann Oliveira ◽  
João Paulo de Maçaneiro
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest

Total tree height (h) is often difficult to measure in natural forests. Regression models based on easily accessed variables like DBH (d) can be an alternative, since their assumptions are validated. The aims of this study are to: (i) calibrate specific and generic h-d models for three forest types (Seasonal Deciduous Forest, DEC; Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, MIX; and Dense Rainforest, DEN) in Santa Catarina state testing the regression assumptions and evaluating model quality; (ii) verify different h-d relationship between forest types. The dataset (1,766 measured tree h and 3,150 estimated h) was collected by Santa Catarina Forest and Floristic Inventory (IFFSC) in 418 systematically located sample plots. Models were calibrated for two datasets, one containing hypsometer measurements, the other h estimations made by field crews. Specific models were calibrated for species with at least 30 sampled trees. Residual normality, randomness and heteroskedasticity were evaluated by analytical methods. Confidence bands were generated by the Working-Hotelling method; z test for means was applied to compare models based on the two databases. The statistical parameters such as corrected Akaike Information Criterion provided evidences that logarithmic models were better adjusted to the data. Both datasets were statistically different for DEN and MIX. Differences in h-d relationships were found between forest types. The use of calibrated h-d models is an alternative for studying the relationships between these variables and to assess vertical structure patterns of forest communities, when h measurements are not feasible, although, for situations that more accurate h values are needed, they will not always provide reliable predictions.

scholarly journals Floristic Diversity and Vegetation Analysis of Plants from Various Forest Types in Hosur Forest Division, Tamil Nadu, Southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Umeshkumar L. TIWARI ◽  
Kaliamoorthy RAVIKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Forest Division

The study deals with the floristic diversity assessment and vegetation composition analysis in various forest types from Hosur Forest division situated in Eastern Ghats of Southern India, in the state of Tamil Nadu. The study recorded 468 species of plants belonging to 283 genera and 91 families, including Angiosperms (464 species), Pteridophytes (3 species) and Bryophytes (1 species). Of the total, 94 species are trees, 12 are lianas, 70 are shrubs, 34 species are climbers, 194 species are herbs, sedges 7, grasses 21, ferns 3 and 1 species of moss. The five most abundant families in Hosur Forest Division were Fabaceae (45 spp.), Poaceae (34 spp.), Acanthaceae (30 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (28 spp.) and Rubiaceae (25 spp.). The quantitative features such as density and important value index (IVI) varied greatly among forest and in different forest types. In the present study, the diversity index of shrubs and herbs were found to be higher than that of trees. The maximum species diversity was recorded in Southern dry mixed deciduous forest (SDMDF) followed by Southern Thorn Forest (STF) and Southern Thorn Scrub (STS). The species diversity (H) was recorded the highest for SDMDF (5.61) followed by STF (5.18) and the lowest for STS (5.12). The presence of large number of higher girth class tree species and low number of sapling and seedling indicates that the present forests investigated are old and exhibiting low regeneration.

scholarly journals Macro benthic fauna in relation to limnological variables in a migratory bird visiting lake at Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
S Sharmin ◽  
SH Rahman ◽  
MN Naser ◽  
S Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Temperature Water

The abundance of macro benthic organisms was observed from a migratory bird visiting lake in Jahangirnagar University, Savar for a period from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 22 species belonging to three phyla (viz. Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda) and 14 families was recorded with maximum abundance in summer season and minimum in winter season. Molluscan population (37%) was dominant in benthos, followed by Annelida (31%) and Arthropoda (28%). Average values of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and water pH were within standard permissible ranges in the aquatic habitats of the country. Water and soil parameters were in suitable ranges for the growth and abundance of benthos. Correlation indicated that Mollusca and Annelida were closely dependent on water temperature, water pH, water depth, soil organic carbon and soil organic matters, whereas Arthropoda had less dependency on them. In the present study lower Shanon-Wiener diversity index (2.55-2.92) and low species richness (18-24) clearly demonstrated that the lake is moderately polluted. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 99-106

Ecosystem management applications of resource objective wildfires in forests of the Grand Canyon National Park, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Michael T. Stoddard ◽  
Peter Z. Fulé ◽  
David W. Huffman ◽  
Andrew J. Sánchez Meador ◽  
John Paul Roccaforte
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Grand Canyon ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Large Trees

Forest managers of the western United States are increasingly interested in utilising naturally ignited wildfires to achieve management objectives. Wildfires can accomplish a range of objectives, from maintenance of intact ecological conditions, to ecosystem restoration, to playing vital natural disturbance roles; however, few studies have carefully evaluated long-term effectiveness and outcomes of wildfire applications across multiple forest types. We remeasured monitoring plots more than 10 years after ‘resource objective’ (RO) fires were allowed to burn in three main south-western forest types. Results showed minimal effects and effective maintenance of open conditions in an intact pine-oak site. Higher-severity fire and delayed mortality of larger and older trees contributed to reductions in basal area and canopy cover at the mixed-conifer and spruce-fir sites. Species dominance shifted towards ponderosa pine in both the mixed-conifer and spruce-fir sites. Although fires resulted in 46–68% mortality of smaller trees initially, substantial ingrowth brought tree density to near pre-fire levels in all forest types after 12 years. Overall, the 2003 RO fires were broadly successful at maintaining or creating open and heterogeneous conditions and resulted in fire- and drought-tolerant species composition. These conditions are likely to be resilient to changing climate, at least in the short term. Substantial mortality of large trees and continuing loss of basal area, however, are a concern, given further climate warming.

Importance of boreal forested wetlands for epiphytic macrolichen communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339
Author(s):  
Tegan Padgett ◽  
Yolanda F. Wiersma
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Face Threats

Forested wetlands provide ecosystem services and often support elevated levels of biodiversity and rare species. However, forested wetlands are understudied and face threats such as logging and land conversion. Epiphytic lichens are abundant in forested wetlands and may be useful to help delineate microhabitats across wetland–upland gradients. We investigated epiphytic macrolichen richness, diversity, and community composition in 15 sites in the Avalon Forest Ecoregion, Newfoundland, Canada. Within each site, we set up three parallel 40 m transects in (i) the forested wetland, (ii) the ecotone, and (iii) the upland forest. Along each transect, we selected five balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) trees 10 m apart and surveyed for macrolichens on the lower bole. We collected data on tree height and tree diameter at breast height, which differed significantly among forest types. We also collected data on tree age and canopy cover, which did not differ significantly among forest types. Contrary to hypotheses suggesting that biodiversity is highest in ecotones, we found that mean macrolichen richness was significantly higher in wetlands, lower in the ecotones, and lowest in upland forests, and macrolichen diversity followed a similar pattern but with no significant difference among groups. Macrolichen community composition significantly differed among wetlands, ecotones, and upland forests. A lichen of conservation concern, Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M. Jørg., was detected primarily in forested wetlands, highlighting wetlands as key habitats for rare epiphytic macrolichens.

scholarly journals Variations in the abundance of three Parulidae species in the southern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, state of Paraná

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Cássius R. Santana ◽  
Gabriela M. Bochio ◽  
Luiz dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forest Strata ◽  
The Difference

We evaluated the distribution of abundance of three species of warblers in the southern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF): Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi), the Golden-Crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus) and the White-Rimmed Warbler (Basileuterus leucoblepharus). Three types of forests comprise this region of the Atlantic Forest: seasonal semi-deciduous forest (SF), mixed rain forest (MF) and dense rain forest (DF). These forest types occur at different elevations: SF ranging from 200 to 800 m, MF ranging from 800 to 1,200 m and DF ranging from sea level up to 2,000 m. We used point counts in fifteen study areas distributed in the three forest types. The White-Rimmed Warbler and the Tropical Parula had higher abundances in MF, and their abundance was positively correlated with the elevation. The Golden-Crowned Warbler did not present a significant difference in abundance among the forest types, and no correlation between abundance and elevation was found. We suggest that the difference in the occupancy of the forest strata by the Golden-Crowned Warbler is because this species is more generalist and thus less sensitive to variations in the vegetation structure among the forests types when compared to the other two warbler species.

scholarly journals Environmental variables and tree population structures in deciduous forests of central Brazil with different levels of logging

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira ◽  
Aldicir Scariot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica ◽  
Different Levels

Population structures of six tree species in three fragments of intact seasonal deciduous forest and three fragments disturbed by logging were studied in the northeastern Goiás. Forty random 400 m² plots were allocated in each fragment to survey plant population structures, number of stumps, cattle feces, burnt logs, and canopy openness. Soil cover by life forms was estimated in 1m² sub-plots. Lianas were abundant in intermediately logged fragments and invasive herbs in the most disturbed fragment. Cattle avoided dense herbaceous strata, such as liana tangles. Cavanillesia arborea, Eugenia dysenterica and Swartzia multijuga trees occurred at very low densities in all the fragments and their seedlings were practically absent, which might endanger their future populations in these fragments. Myracrodruon urundeuva, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Astronium fraxinifolium, the most logged species, had high density of seedlings in all the fragments. However, the highest density of saplings and juvenile individuals occurred in the most disturbed fragment.

Canopy dynamics and light climates in a tropical moist deciduous forest in India

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Fluence ◽  
East End ◽  
Individual Trees

ABSTRACTThe canopy dynamics and light climates within a 20 by 60 m quadrat were studied in a disturbed moist deciduous forest near Bombay, India. A map was drawn of individual trees within the quadrat, the taxa were identified, and their phenology was followed from November 1984 to July 1985. The quadrat contained 14 species, the most common being Tectona grandis, Terminalia tomentosa, Butea monosperma, Mitragyne parviflora and Albizia procera. Some individuals were in leaf at all times, more so at the moister east end of the quadrat. In November at the end of the rainy season, light measurements documented percentages of total daily photosynthetic photon fluence (PPF) at 10.0% of full sunlight; 44% of this flux was due to sun-flecks whose duration was approximately 17% of the daytime hours. Values for six sites were similar to mid-day measurements along a 40 m transect, and consistent with the 94% canopy cover of the sites, photographed with a fish-eye lens. The March dry season measurements revealed a more intense radiation environment (54% of solar PPF), and 59% of the photosynthetic photon flux density at mid-day along the transect. Canopy openings were increased to a mean of 59.4%. Light in the understorey in November was spectrally altered, with typical R:FR ratios of 0.30, compared to March values identical to those of sunlight, at 1.10.

Community changes in a deciduous forest exposed to air pollution

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. McClenahen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio River Valley ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Relative Exposure

Vegetation was measured in seven stands on similar sites in a 50-km portion of the upper Ohio River Valley. These stands lay along gradients of chronic exposure to airborne chloride (Cl−), sulfur dioxide (SO2), fluorides (F−), and possibly other pollutants. Species richness, evenness, and Shannon diversity index were generally depressed within the overstory, subcanopy, and herb strata near industrial sources of air pollutants. A significant relationship between coefficient of community and combined air pollutant index (relative exposure of stands to Cl−, F−, and SO2) showed that similarity in species composition decreased along a gradient of increasing air pollutant exposure. Increasing air pollutant exposure reduced overstory stem density, but abundance of vegetation in other strata tended to increase along the same gradient. The relative importance of Acersaccharum Marsh. was greatly reduced in all strata with increasing pollutant exposure, whereas Aesculusoctandra Marsh. appeared tolerant of air pollutant stress. In understory strata, the importance of Linderabenzoin (L.) Blume increased with increasing pollutant exposure.

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