scholarly journals Satellite-Based Reconstruction of the Volcanic Deposits during the December 2015 Etna Eruption

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetana Ganci ◽  
Annalisa Cappello ◽  
Giuseppe Bilotta ◽  
Claudia Corradino ◽  
Ciro Del Negro
Keyword(s):  
Summit Crater ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Eruption Rate ◽  
Volcanic Deposits ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
65 H ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
Compute Time

Satellite-derived data, including an estimation of the eruption rate, proximal volcanic deposits and lava flow morphometric parameters (area, maximum length, thickness, and volume) are provided for the eruption that occurred at Mt Etna on 6–8 December 2015. This eruption took place at the New Southeast Crater (NSEC), the youngest of the summit craters of Etna, shortly after a sequence of four violent paroxysmal events took place in 65 h (3–5 December) at “Voragine”, the oldest summit crater. Multispectral SEVIRI images at 15 min sampling time have been used to compute time-averaged eruption rate curves, while tri-stereo Pléiades images, at 50 cm spatial resolution, provided the pre-eruptive topography and topographic changes due to volcanic deposits. In addition to the two types of satellite data, other parameters have been inferred, such as probable vesicularity and pyroclastic deposits.

The timing and compositional evolution of volcanism within northern Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1381-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Stelten ◽  
Drew T. Downs ◽  
Duane E. Champion ◽  
Hannah R. Dietterich ◽  
Andrew T. Calvert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Eruption Rate ◽  
Compositional Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Harrat Rahat ◽  
Volcanic Deposits ◽  
Geologic Map ◽  
Compositional Variations ◽  
Exposure Ages

Abstract Harrat Rahat, one of several large, basalt-dominated volcanic fields in western Saudi Arabia, is a prime example of continental, intraplate volcanism. Excellent exposure makes this an outstanding site to investigate changing volcanic flux and composition through time. We present 93 40Ar/39Ar ages and six 36Cl surface-exposure ages for volcanic deposits throughout northern Harrat Rahat that, when integrated with a new geologic map, define 12 eruptive stages. Exposed volcanic deposits in the study area erupted <1.2 Ma, and 214 of 234 eruptions occurred <570 ka. Two eruptions occurred in the Holocene, including a historically described basalt eruption in 1256 C.E. and a trachyte eruption newly recognized as Holocene (4.2 ± 5.2 ka). An estimated ∼82 km3 (dense rock equivalent) of volcanic product have erupted since 1.2 Ma, though this is a lower limit due to concealment of deposits >570 ka. Over the past 570 k.y., the average eruption rate was 0.14 km3/k.y., but volcanism was episodic with periods alternating between low (0.04–0.06 km3/k.y.) and high (0.1–0.3 km3/k.y.) effusion rates. Before 180 ka, eruptions vented from the volcanic field’s dominant eastern vent axis and from a subsidiary, diffuse, western vent axis. After 180 ka, volcanism focused along the eastern vent axis, and the composition of volcanism varied systematically along its length from basalt dominated in the north to trachyte dominated in the south. We hypothesize that these compositional variations <180 ka reflect the growth of a mafic intrusive complex beneath the southern portion of the vent axis, which led to the development of evolved magmas.

First 2-D intrinsic and scattering attenuation images of Mt Etna volcano and surrounding region from active seismic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús M Ibáñez ◽  
Ignacio Castro-Melgar ◽  
Ornella Cocina ◽  
Luciano Zuccarello ◽  
Stefano Branca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summit Crater ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Intrinsic Attenuation ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Seismicity Rates ◽  
Intrinsic And Scattering Attenuation ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Work Supports

SUMMARY We present 2-D attenuation images of the Mt Etna volcanic region on the basis of separation of intrinsic and scattering effects. The analysis presented here exploits a large active seismic database that fully covers the area under study. We observe that scattering effects dominate over intrinsic attenuation, suggesting that the region is very heterogeneous. Comparison with analyses conducted at other volcanoes reveals that the Mt Etna region is characterized by high intrinsic attenuation, resulting from the presence of large volcanoclastic deposits at shallow depth. The 2-D distributions of intrinsic and scattering anomalies show the presence of regions characterized by high and low attenuation effects, corresponding to several tectonic and volcanic features. In particular, we identify a high attenuation region in the SW sector of the Mt Etna volcanic complex, which is correlated with high seismicity rates and volcanism. This work supports the hypothesis of a link between the dynamics of the SW flank and the recharge of the volcano in the last decades, occurring under the summit crater and, secondarily, the upper South rift zone.

scholarly journals FT-IR study of early stages of alkali activated materials based on pyroclastic deposits (Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy) using two different alkaline solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 120095
Author(s):  
Claudio Finocchiaro ◽  
Germana Barone ◽  
Paolo Mazzoleni ◽  
Cristina Leonelli ◽  
Ameni Gharzouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Study ◽  
Alkali Activated

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Chemolithoautotrophic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Strain NFP31, Isolated from Volcanic Ash Deposits on Miyake-Jima, Japan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiro Kato ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Reiko Fujimura ◽  
Takamichi Nakamura ◽  
Tomoyasu Nishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Volcanic Deposits

The genome sequence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain NFP31, which is a chemolithoautotrophic iron-oxidizing bacterium that inhabits acidified volcanic deposits on Mount Oyama, Miyake Island (Miyake-jima), Japan, was determined to identify the genetic characteristics associated with pioneer microbes in newly placed pyroclastic deposits.

scholarly journals Surface roughness of pyroclastic deposits at Mt. Etna by 3D laser scanning

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mazzarini ◽  
M. Favalli ◽  
I. Isola ◽  
M. Neri ◽  
M. T. Pareschi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Mt Etna

Drawing igneous outcrops

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Summit Crater ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
The Earth

Igneous rocks are a fundamental component of the Earth and are commonly encountered during geological fieldwork. This chapter describes techniques used to draw field sketches of intrusions and volcanic features, such as lava flows, volcanic craters, and pyroclastic sequences. The most important features of igneous rocks to record are discussed. Recording the nature of contacts is particularly important in drawing igneous outcrops, in particular cross-cutting relationships that relate to emplacement timing. Four worked examples of field sketches of igneous geology are provided to illustrate concepts in their description in during fieldwork. These include the summit crater of Vesuvius, lava flows from Mount Etna, and pyroclastic deposits from Santorini.

Pedogenesis induced by Genista aetnensis (Biv.) DC. on basaltic pyroclastic deposits at different altitudes, Mt. Etna, Italy

Geoderma ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 115 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Fernández Sanjurjo ◽  
Giuseppe Corti ◽  
Giacomo Certini ◽  
Fiorenzo C. Ugolini
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Different Altitudes

scholarly journals Selected Crater and Small Caldera Lakes in Alaska: Characteristics and Hazards

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F. Waythomas
Keyword(s):  
Crater Lake ◽  
Summit Crater ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Crater Lakes ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Lake Drainage ◽  
External Water ◽  
Volcaniclastic Deposits

This study addresses the characteristics, potential hazards, and both eruptive and non-eruptive role of water at selected volcanic crater lakes in Alaska. Crater lakes are an important feature of some stratovolcanoes in Alaska. Of the volcanoes in the state with known Holocene eruptive activity, about one third have summit crater lakes. Also included are two volcanoes with small caldera lakes (Katmai, Kaguyak). The lakes play an important but not well studied role in influencing eruptive behavior and pose some significant hydrologic hazards. Floods from crater lakes in Alaska are evaluated by estimating maximum potential crater lake water volumes and peak outflow discharge with a dam-break model. Some recent eruptions and hydrologic events that involved crater lakes also are reviewed. The large volumes of water potentially hosted by crater lakes in Alaska indicate that significant flowage hazards resulting from catastrophic breaching of crater rims are possible. Estimates of maximum peak flood discharge associated with breaching of lake-filled craters derived from dam-break modeling indicate that flood magnitudes could be as large as 103–106 m3/s if summit crater lakes drain rapidly when at maximum volume. Many of the Alaska crater lakes discussed are situated in hydrothermally altered craters characterized by complex assemblages of stratified unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits, in a region known for large magnitude (>M7) earthquakes. Although there are only a few historical examples of eruptions involving crater lakes in Alaska, these provide noteworthy examples of the role of external water in cooling pyroclastic deposits, acidic crater-lake drainage, and water-related hazards such as lahars and base surge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document