scholarly journals Statistical Physics for Medical Diagnostics: Learning, Inference, and Optimization Algorithms

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ramezanpour ◽  
Andrew L. Beam ◽  
Jonathan H. Chen ◽  
Alireza Mashaghi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Inference Algorithms ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Macroscopic States

It is widely believed that cooperation between clinicians and machines may address many of the decisional fragilities intrinsic to current medical practice. However, the realization of this potential will require more precise definitions of disease states as well as their dynamics and interactions. A careful probabilistic examination of symptoms and signs, including the molecular profiles of the relevant biochemical networks, will often be required for building an unbiased and efficient diagnostic approach. Analogous problems have been studied for years by physicists extracting macroscopic states of various physical systems by examining microscopic elements and their interactions. These valuable experiences are now being extended to the medical field. From this perspective, we discuss how recent developments in statistical physics, machine learning and inference algorithms are coming together to improve current medical diagnostic approaches.

Time-asymmetric fluctuations in the atmosphere: daily mean temperatures and total-column ozone

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1933) ◽  
pp. 5721-5735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Kiss ◽  
Imre M. Jánosi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Dissipative Systems ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Breaking Time ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Fluctuations breaking time-reversal symmetry are common attributes of dissipative systems operating far from equilibrium. Recent developments in non-equilibrium statistical physics represent a significant step towards an understanding of how time-reversible microscopic laws can yield to inherent irreversibility on meso- or macroscopic scales. Most of the theoretical conclusions consider quantities (e.g. entropy production) that are difficult to obtain with an appropriate accuracy in real systems. Probably less-complicated measures, such as the simple step-number ratio used in this work, can also help to characterize time-asymmetric fluctuations. In the first part, we give a short summary of recent results on asymmetric daily mean temperature changes. The second part discusses total-column ozone fluctuations, where statistically significant asymmetries are also detected. A detailed correlation analysis of ozone signals and high-altitude temperature records supports the strong coupling between tropospheric dynamics and stratospheric processes on synoptic time scales.

Iridium(iii) complexes as reaction based chemosensors for medical diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (43) ◽  
pp. 15278-15282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dik-Lung Ma ◽  
Hing Pan NG ◽  
Suk-Yu Wong ◽  
Kasipandi Vellaisamy ◽  
Ke-Jia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Luminescent Probes ◽  
Recent Developments

This frontier article introduces recent developments and applications of iridium(iii) complexes as luminescent probes for ions and biomolecules.

Retreatment with Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation in Knee Osteoarthritis: Agreement between EUROVISCO Guidelines and Current Medical Practice

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110538
Author(s):  
Yves Henrotin ◽  
Cedric Tits ◽  
Jérôme Paul ◽  
Pierre Gramme ◽  
Thibault Helleputte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Decision Factors ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
E Mail

Objectives This work studied if and how current clinical practice agrees with European Viscosupplementation Consensus Group (EUROVISCO) recommendations and how this agreement might be different according to physician’s specialization. In addition, this work aimed to identify key decision factors that practitioners consider in their decision to retreat or not a patient with hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation. Methods Practitioners have been invited by e-mail to participate in an online exercise on viscosupplementation retreatment. They received a fictional patient case at random among a set of predefined fictional cases. The platform asked the practitioner if he/she would retreat the patient with viscosupplementation or not. To take a decision, the practitioner could select questions among a list of predefined questions. Among them, some were related to criteria used in the EUROVISCO decision tree and others served as confounding factors. Results A total of 506 practitioners participated to the exercise, of which 399 gave their decision about the case assigned to them by the platform. The observed agreement between practitioner decisions and EUROVISCO recommendations was 58.89 ± 4.95% (95% confidence interval [CI]). Overall, the decision to retreat was taken in 47.87% of the cases, while the EUROVISCO guidelines follow-up would have led to 55.89% retreatment for the same cases ( P = 0.03). Conclusions In current practice, physicians tended to reinject their patients less than recommended, although EUROVISCO guidelines for viscosupplementation retreatment consider decision criteria that clearly correspond to those of practitioners in real life. These include the patients’ willingness to be treated or the patients’ perception of the effectiveness of the treatment.

scholarly journals Adrenal lesions encountered in current medical practice − a review of their radiological imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Vanesha Naidu ◽  
Bhugwan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Radiological Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Radiological Studies ◽  
Adrenal Disease

Modern radiological technology has transformed the way that adrenal lesions are currently investigated. The contemporary radiologist has been catapulted to the forefront in the management of adrenal disease. With the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging, adrenal lesions are being serendipitously discovered in radiological studies undertaken for non-adrenal-related conditions – the so-called adrenal ‘incidentaloma’. This review discusses the imaging modalities available for characterising these lesions, highlighting current concepts and controversies in differentiating benign from malignant pathology. The article also provides a brief overview of the spectrum of adrenal pathology commonly encountered in the adult population.

scholarly journals Beyond switches: Rotaxane- and catenane-based synthetic molecular motors

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan R. Kay ◽  
David A. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Molecular Machines ◽  
Interlocked Molecules ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time

Nature uses molecular motors and machines in virtually every significant biological process, but learning how to design and assemble simpler artificial structures that function through controlled molecular-level motion is a major challenge for contemporary physical science. The established engineering principles of the macroscopic world can offer little more than inspiration to the molecular engineer who creates devices for an environment where everything is constantly moving and being buffeted by other atoms and molecules. Rather, experimental designs for working molecular machines must follow principles derived from chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and nonequilibrium statistical physics. The remarkable characteristics of interlocked molecules make them particularly useful for investigating the control of motion at the molecular level. Yet, the vast majority of synthetic molecular machines studied to date are simple two-state switches. Here we outline recent developments from our laboratory that demonstrate more complex molecular machine functions. This new generation of synthetic molecular machines can move continuously and progressively away from equilibrium, and they may be considered true prototypical molecular motors. The examples discussed exemplify two, fundamentally different, "Brownian ratchet" mechanisms previously developed in theoretical statistical physics and realized experimentally in molecular-level devices for the first time in these systems.

Re: Montgomery and its impact on current medical practice – good or bad?

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-160
Author(s):  
Sayantan Bhattacharya ◽  
Chamindri Weerasinghe ◽  
Iftikhar Khan ◽  
Milind Shrotri
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Current Medical Practice

scholarly journals Quantum mechanism of condensation and high Tc superconductivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 1950139
Author(s):  
Tian Ma ◽  
Shouhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Physics First ◽  
Electron Pairs ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Quantum Mechanism ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Interpretation

The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new quantum mechanism of condensates and superconductivity based on a new interpretation of quantum mechanical wavefunctions, and on recent developments in quantum physics and statistical physics. First, we postulate that the wavefunction [Formula: see text]e[Formula: see text] is the common wavefunction for all particles in the same class determined by the external potential V(x), [Formula: see text](x)[Formula: see text] represents the distribution density of the particles, and [Formula: see text] is the velocity field of the particles. Although the new interpretation does not alter the basic theories of quantum mechanics, it is an entirely different interpretation from the classical Bohr interpretation, removes all absurdities and offers new insights for quantum physics and for condensed matter physics. Second, we show that the key for condensation of bosonic particles is that their interaction is sufficiently weak to ensure that a large collection of boson particles are in a state governed by the same condensation wavefunction field [Formula: see text] under the same bounding potential V. For superconductivity, the formation of superconductivity comes down to conditions for the formation of electron pairs, and for the electron pairs to share a common wavefunction. Thanks to the recently developed principle of interaction dynamics (PID) interaction potential of electrons and the average-energy level formula of temperature, these conditions for superconductivity are explicitly derived. Furthermore, we obtain both microscopic and macroscopic formulas for the critical temperature. The field and topological phase transition equations for condensates are also derived.

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