scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphisms and Asymmetries of the Thalamo-Cortical Pathways and Subcortical Grey Matter of Term Born Healthy Neonates: An Investigation with Diffusion Tensor MRI

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Fadoua Saadani-Makki ◽  
Ardalan Aarabi ◽  
Mahshid Fouladivanda ◽  
Karman Kazemi ◽  
Malek Makki
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Mri ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Right

Diffusion-tensor-MRI was performed on 28 term born neonates. For each hemisphere, we quantified separately the axial and the radial diffusion (AD, RD), the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the thalamo-cortical pathway (THC) and four structures: thalamus (TH), putamen (PT), caudate nucleus (CN) and globus-pallidus (GP). There was no significant difference between boys and girls in either the left or in the right hemispheric THC, TH, GP, CN and PT. In the combined group (boys + girls) significant left greater than right symmetry was observed in the THC (AD, RD and ADC), and TH (AD, ADC). Within the same group, we reported left greater than right asymmetry in the PT (FA), CN (RD and ADC). Different findings were recorded when we split the group of neonates by gender. Girls exhibited right > left AD, RD and ADC in the THC and left > right FA in the PT. In the group of boys, we observed right > left RD and ADC. We also reported left > right FA in the PT and left > right RD in the CN. These results provide insights into normal asymmetric development of sensory-motor networks within boys and girls.

Diffusion tensor imaging reveals microstructural differences between subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Willsey ◽  
Kelly L. Collins ◽  
Erin C. Conrad ◽  
Heather A. Chubb ◽  
Parag G. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Radial Diffusivity ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

OBJECTIVETrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an uncommon idiopathic facial pain syndrome. To assist in diagnosis, treatment, and research, TN is often classified as type 1 (TN1) when pain is primarily paroxysmal and episodic or type 2 (TN2) when pain is primarily constant in character. Recently, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed microstructural changes in the symptomatic trigeminal root and root entry zone of patients with unilateral TN. In this study, the authors explored the differences in DTI parameters between subcategories of TN, specifically TN1 and TN2, in the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract.METHODSThe authors enrolled 8 patients with unilateral TN1, 7 patients with unilateral TN2, and 23 asymptomatic controls. Patients underwent DTI with parameter measurements in a region of interest within the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract. DTI parameters were compared between groups.RESULTSIn the pontine segment, the radial diffusivity (p = 0.0049) and apparent diffusion coefficient (p = 0.023) values in TN1 patients were increased compared to the values in TN2 patients and controls. The DTI measures in TN2 were not statistically significant from those in controls. When comparing the symptomatic to asymptomatic sides in TN1 patients, radial diffusivity was increased (p = 0.025) and fractional anisotropy was decreased (p = 0.044) in the symptomatic sides. The apparent diffusion coefficient was increased, with a trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.066).CONCLUSIONSNoninvasive DTI analysis of patients with TN may lead to improved diagnosis of TN subtypes (e.g., TN1 and TN2) and improve patient selection for surgical intervention. DTI measurements may also provide insights into prognosis after intervention, as TN1 patients are known to have better surgical outcomes than TN2 patients.

scholarly journals Apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiating between benign and malignant hepatic focal lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Abugamra ◽  
Aya Yassin ◽  
Asmaa Saber Mostafa Abdel-Rehim ◽  
Dina Sayed Sheha
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the role of diffusion weight MRI (DWI) in the characterization of hepatic focal lesions by using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Thirty patients (18 women, 12 men; mean age 48.5 years) with hepatic focal lesions were included in this study. Patients underwent DW MR imaging with the SPLICE sequence. ADC of each focal lesion carcinoma was calculated from DW MR Images obtained with low and high b values. ADCs were compared among pathological types of focal lesions. Results Among the 30 patients included in the study, 46 focal lesions were detected. Twenty-four lesions were metastatic lesions from primary cancer, 7 lesions were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 9 lesions were hemangiomas, and 6 lesions were simple cysts. There was highly significant difference between the mean ADC of the malignant lesions (metastasis and HCC) and the mean ADC of benign lesions (hemangiomas and cysts). The ADC of malignant lesion was much less than that of benign lesion. The mean ADC of malignant lesions (n = 31) was 0.73 ± 0.19 × 10−3 mm2/s, and the mean ADC of benign lesions (n = 15) was 1.94 ± 0.68 × 10−3 mm2/s (p value < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the cysts and hemangiomas. There was no statistically significant difference between the metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion ADCs values were able to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. ADC should be considered in the work up of patients with hepatic focal lesions.

scholarly journals The role of quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging in characterization of hypovascular liver lesions: A prospective comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion derived parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247301
Author(s):  
Jelena Djokić Kovač ◽  
Marko Daković ◽  
Aleksandra Janković ◽  
Milica Mitrović ◽  
Vladimir Dugalić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

Background The utility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) related parameters in differentiation of hypovascular liver lesions is still unknown. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of IVIM related parameters in comparison to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for differentiation among intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMC), and hypovascular liver metastases (HLM). Methods Seventy-four prospectively enrolled patients (21 IMC, and 53 HLM) underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance examination with IVIM diffusion-weighted imaging using seven b values (0–800 s/mm2). Two independent readers performed quantitative analysis of IVIM-related parameters and ADC. Interobserver reliability was tested using a intraclass correlation coefficient. ADC, true diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion-related diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (ƒ) were compared among the lesions using Kruskal-Wallis H test. The diagnostic accuracy of each parameter was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The interobserver agreement was good for ADC (0.802), and excellent for D, D*, and ƒ (0.911, 0.927, and 0.942, respectively). ADC, and D values were significantly different among IMC and HLM (both p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference among these lesions for ƒ and D* (p = 0.101, and p = 0.612, respectively). ROC analysis showed higher diagnostic performance of D in comparison to ADC (AUC = 0.879 vs 0.821). Conclusion IVIM-derived parameters in particular D, in addition to ADC, could help in differentiation between most common hypovascular malignant liver lesions, intrahepatic mass—forming cholangiocarcinoma and hypovascular liver metastases.

Differentiation of soft-tissue lymphoma from undifferentiated sarcoma: apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512095195
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Hong ◽  
Won-Hee Jee ◽  
Sunyoung Whang ◽  
Chan-Kwon Jung ◽  
Yang-Guk Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Histogram Analysis ◽  
Undifferentiated Sarcoma ◽  
Single Slice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

Background Making the preoperative diagnosis of soft-tissue lymphoma is important because the treatments for lymphoma and sarcoma are different. Purpose To determine the reliability and accuracy of single-slice and whole-tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis when differentiating soft-tissue lymphoma from undifferentiated sarcoma. Material and Methods Patients with confirmed soft-tissue lymphoma or undifferentiated sarcoma who underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging, were included. Single-slice and whole-tumor ADC histogram analyses were performed using software. Mean, standard deviation (SD), 5th and 95th percentiles, skewness, and kurtosis were compared between groups, and a receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve (AUC) was obtained. Results Thirteen patients with soft-tissue lymphoma and 12 patients with undifferentiated sarcoma were included. ADC histogram analysis of single-slice and whole-tumor, mean, SD, and 5th and 95th percentiles was significantly lower in lymphoma than in undifferentiated sarcoma. Whole-tumor analysis kurtosis was significantly higher in lymphoma than in undifferentiated sarcoma. All AUCs were high in single-slice and whole-tumor analysis: 0.987 vs. 1.000 in mean; 0.821 vs. 0.782 in SD; 0.949 vs. 0.949 in 5th percentile; and 1.000 vs. 1.000 in 95th percentile without significant difference. AUC of kurtosis in whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis was 0.750. Conclusion Single-slice and whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis seems to be reliable and accurate for differentiating soft-tissue lymphoma from undifferentiated sarcoma.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Scope of Malignant Bone Tumor Using ADC Measurement on ADC Map

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153303381985326
Author(s):  
Haisong Chen ◽  
Zengjie Wu ◽  
Wenjian Xu ◽  
Jing Pang ◽  
Meng Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Malignant Bone Tumor ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Vx2 Tumor ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Mapping

Background: It is very important for surgeons to know the accurate borders of malignant bone tumors before they can precisely resect the tumors. The objective of the study is to investigate the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient value for estimating the extent of malignant bone tumor. Methods: VX2 tumor fragments were implanted into the tibiae of 30 rabbits. After 4 weeks, magnetic resonance plain scans were performed and then tumor specimens were cut into sagittal sections and partitioned into histology slices for dot-to-dot comparisons with microscopic findings. The sizes of the tumors measured separately on specimen, conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and diffusion-weighted imaging (by measuring apparent diffusion coefficient value on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping) were compared statistically with each other. Results: The mean tumor sizes measured on specimen and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping (by calculating apparent diffusion coefficient value) were 5.20 ± 0.89 cm and 5.31 ± 0.87 cm, respectively; there was no significant difference between the 2 ( P > .05). The tumor sizes measured on T1WI, T2WI, T2WI with fat suppression were 4.82 ± 0.87 cm, 5.58 ± 0.87 cm, 5.63 ± 0.85 cm, respectively, and these values were significantly different from that measured on specimen (5.20 ± 0.89 cm, P < .05). Conclusion: The extent of the VX2 malignant bone tumor can be estimated accurately by measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient value.

scholarly journals Assessment of the percentage of apparent diffusion coefficient value changes as an early indicator of the response of colorectal hepatic metastases to chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Gamal El-Husseiny ◽  
Sayed Mohamed Mehana ◽  
Sherif Farouk El Zawawy
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Hepatic Metastasis ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is considered one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of DWI-MRI in predicting response to chemotherapy in this cohort. The study included 30 lesions in 20 biopsy proven-colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastasis larger than 1 cm. All patients underwent both triphasic CT with intravenous contrast, pre-chemotherapy MRI (axial T2 and DW sequences) which was repeated 21 days following chemotherapy. A follow-up CT was done 2 months later. The response of the lesions was evaluated using the RESCIST criteria. On MRI, the lesions corresponding to the ones chosen on CT were identified and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of pre- and post-chemotherapy images were recorded and correlated with the CT results. Results In the study, 17 (56.7%) of the lesions showed response to chemotherapy while 13 (43.3%) were non-responding. There was no significant difference in pretreatment ADC values between responding and non-responding lesions (p = 0.14). The mean percentage increase in ADC values in responding lesions was 42% compared to 18% in non-responding lesions (p < 0.001). Lesions that showed less than 18% increase were all found to be non-responsive Conclusion DWI-MRI has an emerging role in early assessment of early treatment response that can be detected before morphological response for patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Based on our study, the use of 25 % as the cutoff point of percent difference in ADC for detection of non-responding lesions proved to be successful only 21 days after the 1st chemotherapy cycle.

Prognostic significance of early changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient that occurs after treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme with bevacizumab

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2058-2058
Author(s):  
M. Paldino ◽  
A. Desjardins ◽  
H. S. Friedman ◽  
J. J. Vredenburgh ◽  
D. P. Barboriak
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Signal Abnormality ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

2058 Background: To determine the prognostic significance of changes in parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that occur in response to combination chemotherapy with the antiangiogenesis agent bevacizumab (BEV) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods: 16 patients (10 men, 6 women; age range 38–62 years) with recurrent GBM underwent serial 1.5T MR imaging. Axial single-shot echo planar DTI (TR/TE 6000/100; flip angle 90 degrees; voxel: 1.72 x 1.72 x 5mm; b value of 1000 sec/mm2; 12 directions) was obtained on scans performed 3 days and 1 day prior to and 1 day after initiation of therapy with BEV and irinotecan (CPT-11). Clinical follow-up and survival status was documented up to 20 months after the date of initial MR imaging. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were aligned to whole brain contrast-enhanced 3D FLASH and 3D FLAIR image volumes (1 mm isotropic voxels) using a rigid body normalized mutual information algorithm. Based on two pre-treatment scans, the 95% confidence limits for change (95%CL) in ADC and FA were calculated in volumes of tumor-related contrast-enhancement (TRE) and FLAIR signal abnormality (FSA). A patient was considered to have a change in FA or ADC after therapy if the difference between the pre- and post-treatment values was greater than the 95% CL for that parameter. Progression was defined on contrast-enhanced MRI using MacDonald criteria by neuro-oncologists blinded to the DTI findings. Survival was compared using the log rank test. Results: DTI detected a change in ADC within FSA after therapy in three patients (2 increased, 1 decreased). Patients with a change in ADC within FSA had significantly shorter overall (p < 0.0012) and progression free (p < 0.015) survival than those with no change. Median survival in the patient group with a change in ADC was 24.7 (95% CI [17.3, 39.4]) weeks and 56.4 (95% CI [41.7, 96]) weeks in those patients with no change. Conclusions: In patients with GBM treated with BEV and CPT-11, a change in ADC after therapy in areas of FSA is associated with decreased survival. Parameters derived from DTI may, therefore, potentially serve as early markers of treatment failure in patients with GBM. [Table: see text]

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