scholarly journals Drone Application for Spraying Disinfection Liquid Fighting against the Covid-19 Pandemic—Examining Drone-Related Parameters Influencing Effectiveness

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ágoston Restás ◽  
István Szalkai ◽  
Gyula Óvári
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Flight Altitude ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Flight Parameters

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused very serious problems almost to the whole world, so every opportunity must be considered to improve the situation. One such improvement strategy is decontamination carried out from the air. This technique can be considered for surface clearance of larger areas; hence, there is the need to investigate its effectiveness regarding the pandemic. There are many examples of the use of drones for disinfection to improve epidemic situations, but good practices, as well as factors influencing effectiveness, have not yet been identified. In the case of using drones for disinfection during a pandemic, the adapted use of agricultural drones is clear from reports. In this paper, the authors performed calculations with different values of flight speed (10 to 50 km/h), flight altitude (1 to 5 m), and flow rate (1 to 5 L/min) to determine the possible amount of disinfectant fluid per unit area. The results show that by changing the parameters, the amount of disinfectant per unit area can be given within quite wide limits (30–0.24 g/m2). Although the results raise many new questions, they can help to identify adequate flight parameters depending on different disinfectant liquids.

scholarly journals The effect of flight state parameters on the performance of photovoltaic modules in solar aircraft

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Saydul Morshed Tanvir ◽  
Xiao Wenbo ◽  
Jin Xin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Flight Altitude ◽  
Atmospheric Density ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Long Time

Based on the power generation model of photovoltaic modules, the effects of flight speed, altitude, time and area in solar aircraft on the performance of photovoltaic modules have been studied. As the flight speed increases, the power generated by the module increases but tends to saturate. When the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules is improved, the required power of the solar aircraft and the power generated by the photovoltaic modules are balanced at a faster flight speed. The power generated by the modules increases with the flight altitude but tends to saturate due to the drop of air temperature and the surface temperature of the module. The higher the altitude, the smaller is the atmospheric density, and atmospheric permeability, and the greater is the solar radiation intensity, and thus the power generated by the module increases. The power generated by the components is the strongest at noon. Battery performance is the strongest in summer and the weakest in winter, as the module’s performance is mainly determined by the intensity of solar radiation. Finally, the energy distribution of solar aircraft and long-time space flight has been discussed. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 73-83: June 2021

THE COMPARISON OF VENOUS SEQUENTIAL AND NORMAL GRAFT PATENCY BASED ON HEMODYNAMICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950080
Author(s):  
BOYAN MAO ◽  
ZHOU ZHAO ◽  
BAO LI ◽  
YUE FENG ◽  
YILI FENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Oscillatory Shear Index ◽  
Venous Graft ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Relative Residence Time ◽  
Time Average

Background: In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the patency of venous sequential graft remains controversial. Hemodynamic factors have been proved to be the important factors influencing graft patency. The objective of this study is to compare the patency of sequential grafts and normal grafts by hemodynamic environment. Methods: This study used a patient’s clinical data to construct a 0D/3D coupled multi-scale model, and used this model to calculate graft’s hemodynamics under two grafting methods. Meanwhile, CABG ideal models were constructed based on grafts’ flow data of 60 patients (63 normal grafts, 19 sequential grafts) to calculate grafts’ hemodynamics. Results: Based on the multi-scale model, it was found that the sequential graft flow and time average wall shear stress (TAWSS) were higher than normal graft, which was good for graft patency. But there were a flow separation region, some regions of high oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) in sequential graft, which could lead to intimal hyperplasia. Based on ideal CABG models, it was known that failure rate of sequential and normal grafts were 36.8% and 36.5%, and there were significant differences between them in flow rate, TAWSS and OSI (sequential versus normal: flow rate (ml/min): [Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text], TAWSS (Pa): [Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text], OSI: 0.[Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: For saphenous venous graft (SVG), although the normal graft has similar patency with the sequential graft, the hemodynamic mechanism behind it is different. In flow rate and WSS, sequential grafts have an advantage over normal grafts. But there are high OSI and RRT regions in sequential grafts.

FS04.6
Dose/unit area and time - key factors influencing the elicitation capacity of MCI/MI

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
Claus Zachariae ◽  
A Sørensen ◽  
P McNamee ◽  
J Grey ◽  
M Wooder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Dose Unit ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Dental Caries in HIV/AIDS Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Palupi ◽  
Agung Sosiawan ◽  
Gilang Rasuna Sabdho Wening ◽  
Aulia Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) / Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most significant public health challenges in Surabaya, Indonesia where the greatest number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among key populations is in areas served by Sememi Public Health Center. HIV-infected persons have a greater risk for developing dental caries, such as salivary gland enlargement, and decreased salivary glands function. Given the fact that PLWHA are at high risk of dental caries, utilization of dental health service among PLWHA are still low. Objective. This study aims to know the factors influencing dental caries in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 16 HIV-seropositive individuals. They were asked to complete a WHO questionnaire concerning basic oral health and quality of life. Dental caries was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Whole stimulated saliva samples were also collected.Results. Nine out of 16 respondents had low salivary flow rate (56.3%). One patient had low DMF-T score (6.3%) and eight had high DMFT score (50%). Among seven respondents who had normal salivary flow rate (43.8%), two of whom had low DMFT score (12.5%) and five of whom had high DMFT score (31.3%).Conclusion. People living with HIV/AIDS have high DMFT and low salivary flow rate.

scholarly journals Bicycle tourism in Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Krisztina Kormosné Koch
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Infrastructure Services

Side by side with the revaluation of a health-oriented lifestyle various kinds of axtive leisure activities and active tourism in particular have been gaining ground. Cycling, which is popular not only as a leisure time tourism activity but mainly within settlements, also as an environmentally-friendly and up to a certain extent, a highly practicable means of transport mainly in towns and cities in WesternEurope, has a privileged position within active tourism (SALAMIN, 2010). This article wishes to present the situation of bicycle tourism, the factors influencing the demand for it and the opportunities for and possibilities of improving it within Hungary by providing an evaluative analysis of the relevant sources of the technical literature. The most important finding of this secondary research-based study is that there is an increasing contention both internationally and within certain regions of tourist interest within Hungary although there is no detailed information available as regards the latter. Success on the market can only be achieved by following the good practices of internationally developed tourist destinations and by a concerted development and improvement of the infrastructure, services and target-group oriented marketing activities as well as attractions.

Some factors influencing variability in water-trap catches of Tipula spp. (Diptera: Tipulidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Water Trap ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractExperiments were undertaken in July and August 1982 in Northern Ireland to examine the effects of some factors which could influence the number of craneflies caught by water traps. Tipula paludosa Mg. and T. oleracea L. were caught, but the latter only in small numbers. Catches of males of T. paludosa, but not of females, decreased as the height of the trap walls increased. All catches were larger in traps of greater diameter. A significant colour preference was found for males of T. paludosa, in the order green > red > yellow > white > blue > black. Increasing the number of traps per unit area increased the mean catch per trap. It is concluded that the attraction of traps for craneflies, if any, is only slight and that the insects may descend randomly over traps so that greater numbers are caught in wide, low-walled traps. Catch is possibly greatest in green traps because of an inability of craneflies to distinguish them from grass.

scholarly journals Atomization of Water Jets and Sheets in Axial and Swirling Airflows

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ingebo
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Drop Diameter ◽  
Water Jets ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Axial and swirling airflows were used to break up water jets and sheets into sprays of droplets to determine the overall effects of orifice diameter, weight flow of air, and the use of an air swirler on fineness of atomization as characterized by mean drop size. A scanning radiometer was used to determine the mean drop diameter of each spray. Swirling airflows were produced with an axial combustor, 70-deg brake angle, air swirler. Water jets were injected axially upstream, axially downstream and cross stream into the airflow. In addition, pressure atomizing fuel nozzles which produced a sheet and ligament type of breakup were investigated. Increasing the weight flow rate of air or the use of an air swiler markedly reduced the spray mean drop size. Test conditions included a water flow rate of 68.0 liter per hour and airflow rates (per unit area) of 3.7 to 25.7 g per square cm per sec, at 293 K and inlet-air static pressures of 1.01 × 105 to 1.98 × 105 N/m2.

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