scholarly journals On the Operational Utility of Measures of Multichannel EEGs

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
David Darmon ◽  
Tomas Watanabe ◽  
Christopher Cellucci ◽  
Paul E. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Model Order ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Condition Effect ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Integrated Information

Multichannel EEGs were obtained from healthy participants in the eyes-closed no-task condition and in the eyes-open condition (where the alpha component is typically abolished). EEG dynamics in the two conditions were quantified with two related binary Lempel–Ziv measures of the first principal component, and with three measures of integrated information, including the more recently proposed integrated synergy. Both integrated information and integrated synergy with model order p=1 had greater values in the eyes-closed condition. When the model order of integrated synergy was determined with the Bayesian Information Criterion, this pattern was reversed, and in line with the other measures, integrated synergy was greater in the eyes-open condition. Eyes-open versus eyes-closed separation was quantified by calculating the between-condition effect size. The Lempel–Ziv complexity of the first principal component showed greater separation than the measures of integrated information.

scholarly journals On the Operational Utility of Measures of EEG Integrated Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Darmon ◽  
Tomas Watanabe ◽  
Christopher Cellucci ◽  
Paul E Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Model Order ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Condition Effect ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Integrated Information

Multichannel EEGs were obtained from healthy participants in the eyes-closed no-task condition (where the alpha component is typically abolished). EEG dynamics in the two conditions were quantified with two related binary Lempel-Ziv measures of the first principal component and with three measures of integrated information including the more recently proposed integrated synergy. Both integrated information and integrated synergy with model order p=1 had greater values in the eyes closed condition. If the model order of integrated synergy was determined with the Bayesian Information Criterion, this pattern was reversed, and in common with other measures, integrated synergy was greater in the eyes open condition. Eyes open versus eyes closed separation was quantified by calculation of the between-condition effect size. Lempel-Ziv complexity of the first principal component showed greater separation than the measures of integrated information. The performance of the integrated information measures investigated here when distinguishing between indisputably different physiological states encourages caution when advocating for their use as measures of consciousness.

scholarly journals Resting state connectivity differences in eyes open versus eyes closed conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 2488-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktay Agcaoglu ◽  
Tony W. Wilson ◽  
Yu‐Ping Wang ◽  
Julia Stephen ◽  
Vince D. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

scholarly journals Dynamic Resting-State Connectivity Differences in Eyes Open Versus Eyes Closed Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 504-519
Author(s):  
Oktay Agcaoglu ◽  
Tony W. Wilson ◽  
Yu-Ping Wang ◽  
Julia M. Stephen ◽  
Vince D. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

Unique Contributions of Brain Stimulation to the Study of Consciousness: Where Neuroscience Meets Philosophy

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-156
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallanti
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Technical Procedure ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Integrated Information Theory ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Integrated Information

True progress in understanding how experience arises from the brain has been relatively slow when viewed from a historical perspective. Recently, several technologies to study and stimulate the brain have been applied to this field of inquiry. Such progress was made only 2,500 years after the ancient Greek philosopher Parmenides first adopted a technical procedure involving the application of formal logic instruments to explore the perception of experiences.At the phenomenological level, consciousness has been referred to as “what vanishes every night when we fall into dreamless sleep and reappears when we wake up or when we dream. It is also all we are and all we have: lose consciousness and, as far as you are concerned, your own self, and the entire world dissolves into nothingness”. According to the integrated information theory, consciousness is integrated information.The term “consciousness” therefore has two key senses: wakefulness and awareness. Wakefulness is a state of consciousness distinguished from coma or sleep. Having one's eyes open is generally an indication of wakefulness and we usually assume that anyone who is awake will also be aware. Awareness implies not merely being conscious but also being conscious of something. The broad definition of consciousness includes a large range of processes that we normally regard as unconscious (eg, blindsight or priming by neglected or masked stimuli).Both sleep and anesthesia are reversible states of eyes-closed unresponsiveness to environmental stimuli in which the individual lacks both wakefulness and awareness. In contrast to sleep, where sufficient stimulation will return the individual to wakefulness, even the most vigorous exogenous stimulation cannot produce awakening in a patient under an adequate level of general anesthesia.

Volume of confidence ellipsoid: a technique for quantifying trunk sway during stance

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Kutilek ◽  
Ondrej Cakrt ◽  
Vladimir Socha ◽  
Karel Hana
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Trunk Sway ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Ellipsoid Volume ◽  
Three Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Balance Problems ◽  
Confidence Ellipsoid

AbstractThe position of the trunk can be negatively affected by many diseases. This work focuses on a noninvasive method of quantifying human postural stability and identifying defects in balance and coordination as a result of the nervous system pathology. We used a three-degree-of-freedom orientation tracker (Xsens MTx unit) placed on a patient’s trunk and measured three-dimensional (3-D) data (pitch, roll, and yaw) during quiet stance. The principal component analysis was used to analyze the data and to determine the volume of 3-D 95% confidence ellipsoid. Using this method, we were able to model the distribution of the measured 3-D data (pitch, roll, and yaw). Eight patients with degenerative cerebellar disease and eight healthy subjects in this study were measured during stance, with eyes open and eyes closed, and statistical analysis was performed. The results of the new method based on the 3-D confidence ellipsoid show that the volumes related to the patients are significantly larger than the volumes related to the healthy subjects. The concept of confidence ellipsoid volume, although known to the biomechanics community, has not been used before to study the postural balance problems. The method can also be used to study, for example, head and pelvis movements or alignments during stance.

QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMPLEXITY OF MULTICHANNEL HUMAN EEGS

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1737-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. RAPP ◽  
C. J. CELLUCCI ◽  
T. A. A. WATANABE ◽  
A. M. ALBANO
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Algorithmic Complexity ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Quantitative Characterization ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Multichannel Signals ◽  
Eyes Open

In this contribution, eleven different measures of the complexity of multichannel EEGs are described, and their effectiveness in discriminating between two behavioral conditions (eyes open resting versus eyes closed resting) is compared. Ten of the methods were variants of the algorithmic complexity and the covariance complexity. The eleventh measure was a multivariate complexity measure proposed by Tononi and Edelman. The most significant between-condition change was observed with Tononi–Edelman complexity which decreased in the eyes open condition. Of the algorithmic complexity measures tested, the binary Lempel–Ziv complexity and the binary Lempel–Ziv redundancy of the first principal component following mean normalization and normalization against the standard deviation gave the most significant between-group discrimination. A time-dependent generalization of the covariance complexity that can be applied to nonstationary multichannel signals is also described.

scholarly journals Should the Minimal Intervention Principle Be Considered When Investigating Dual-Tasking Effects on Postural Control?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wachholz ◽  
Federico Tiribello ◽  
Arunee Promsri ◽  
Peter Federolf
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Minimal Intervention ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Postural Movement

Dual-tasking charges the sensorimotor system with performing two tasks simultaneously. Center of pressure (COP) analysis reveals the postural control that is altered during dual-tasking, but may not reveal the underlying neural mechanisms. In the current study, we hypothesized that the minimal intervention principle (MIP) provides a concept by which dual-tasking effects on the organization and prioritization of postural control can be predicted. Postural movements of 23 adolescents (age 12.7 ± 1.3; 8 females) and 15 adults (26.9 ± 2.3) were measured in a bipedal stance with eyes open, eyes closed and eyes open while performing a dual-task using a force plate and 39 reflective markers. COP data was analyzed by calculating the mean velocity, standard deviation and amplitude of displacement. Kinematic data was examined by performing a principal component analysis (PCA) and extracting postural movement components. Two variables were determined to investigate changes in amplitude (aVark) and in control (Nk) of the principal movement components. Results in aVark and in Nk agreed well with the predicted dual-tasking effects. Thus, the current study corroborates the notion that the MIP should be considered when investigating postural control under dual-tasking conditions.

scholarly journals Full Spectrum EEG Response to Eyes Open Versus Eyes Closed in Children and The Development of The Alpha Rhythm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Isler ◽  
Nicolo Pini ◽  
Maristella Lucchini ◽  
Lauren C. Shuffrey ◽  
Santiago Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode System ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Sign Change ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract This report examines spectrum-wide (1 to 100 Hz) differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) power between eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions in children. A high density (60 electrode) system was used to measure EEG power at 4, 5, 7, 9, and 11 years of age. Results showed spatial and frequency band differences as a function of age. Specifically, 1) the alpha peak shifts from 8 Hz at 4 years to 9 Hz at 11 years, 2) EC results in increased power at lower frequencies but decreased power at higher frequencies for all ages, 3) the sign change for the difference between EO and EC occurs in a narrow band of frequencies which changes across childhood, 4) at 4 and 5 years, EC increases lower frequency power most prominently over posterior regions; 5) in contrast, at all ages, EC decreases power above 30 Hz most prominently over anterior regions. These results extend previous findings to show EO/EC differences in higher frequencies and to the presence of developmental changes across childhood. This report demonstrates that the simple EO/EC task can provide important information about maturation of brain states and can be done with a very brief, minimal protocol.

Effects of Ankle Taping on Single and Double Leg Balance

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Adam Knight ◽  
Wendi Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Acute Test ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Athletic Tape ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
Healthy Participants

Effects of Ankle Taping on Single and Double Leg Balance Ankle sprains are a common injury and athletic tape is often applied to help prevent this injury, however, the effects of ankle taping on balance are relatively unclear. Additionally, the dominant and non-dominant legs often have different demands placed upon them and may yield different balance scores. Twenty five healthy participants (18 female, 7 male; age=20.5±1.19 years; mass=69.24±12.72 kg; height=1.69±.087 m) completed double and single leg balance assessments with the eyes open and eyes closed under three ankle support conditions: no ankle tape, PowerTape™, and Coach™ Tape, on the Neurocom Basic BalanceMaster™. Balance assessments were completed before ankle taping (pre-test), immediately after ankle taping (acute-test), and after 20 minutes of walking (post-test). The sway velocity of the participants' center of gravity (deg/s) was the dependent variable. A significant three way interaction was found for the single leg, eyes closed assessment (P = .037), with increased sway velocity for the PowerTape™ and Coach™ tape condition. The non-dominant leg had significantly less sway velocity than the dominant leg for the eyes open condition (P < .001). These results indicate differing affects on balance for different types of athletic tape, and balance differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg, with the non-dominant leg presenting lower sway velocities.

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