scholarly journals Economic Freedom: The Top, the Bottom, and the Reality. I. 1997–2007

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Marcel Ausloos ◽  
Philippe Bronlet
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Transitional Point ◽  
Exponential Behaviour ◽  
Stable Exponent

We recall the historically admitted prerequisites of Economic Freedom (EF). We have examined 908 data points for the Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index and 1884 points for the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF); the studied periods are 2000–2006 and 1997–2007, respectively, thereby following the Berlin wall collapse, and including 11 September 2001. After discussing EFW index and IEF, in order to compare the indices, one needs to study their overlap in time and space. That leaves 138 countries to be examined over a period extending from 2000 to 2006, thus 2 sets of 862 data points. The data analysis pertains to the rank-size law technique. It is examined whether the distributions obey an exponential or a power law. A correlation with the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), an admittedly major determinant of EF, follows, distinguishing regional aspects, i.e., defining 6 continents. Semi-log plots show that the EFW-rank relationship is exponential for countries of high rank (≥20); overall the log–log plots point to a behaviour close to a power law. In contrast, for the IEF, the overall ranking has an exponential behaviour; but the log–log plots point to the existence of a transitional point between two different power laws, i.e., near rank 10. Moreover, log–log plots of the EFW index relationship to country GDP are characterised by a power law, with a rather stable exponent (γ≃0.674) as a function of time. In contrast, log–log plots of the IEF relationship with the country’s gross domestic product point to a downward evolutive power law as a function of time. Markedly the two studied indices provide different aspects of EF.

scholarly journals Examining the Effects of Social and Economic Freedoms on the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noviello ◽  
Sameer Menghani ◽  
Maksym Bondarenko ◽  
Bhushan Mohanraj ◽  
Oliver Solensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Freedoms

Abstract Background Since early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has dominated people’s lives around the globe and, even with the start of vaccination efforts in late 2020, the virus is likely to continue to affect global economies and individual routines long after the end of 2021. As a result, numerous pandemic-related analyses have been completed. However, few of these studies focus on the impact of pre-existing societal and economic factors that may have played a role in the spread of COVID-19. This study evaluated the impact of social and economic freedoms, gross domestic product, and population density in nations around the world on COVID-19 cases, deaths, testing and vaccination rates. Methods To explore the effects of social and economic freedoms, gross domestic product, and other parameters on the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple datasets, including the Economic Freedom Index and the Human Freedom Index were used, along with COVID-19 data, to examine both direct and indirect relationships. The K-Means clustering algorithm was used for many analyses. Results High economic and social freedoms were associated with increased numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths throughout 2020. Countries within the highest category of economic freedoms reported their first COVID-19 case 44 days before and their first virus death 91 days before low-economic-freedom nations, on average. Countries with the highest overall freedoms exhibited average COVID-19-stringency scores of 4.4, 12.85, and 4.49 points less than countries in the lowest freedom categories for the Spring, Summer, and Fall of 2020, respectively, representing less strict pandemic responses. Despite these relationships, countries with higher overall freedoms had a lower average fatality rate of 2.03% compared with countries in the lower freedom categories of up to 2.98%. Freedoms were also shown to correlate with other pandemic-influencing factors, including GDP, political systems, and population density. Conclusion High economic and social freedoms were associated with increased numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths throughout 2020. Future analyses should address whether the enjoyment of freedoms can be balanced with the preservation of safety to improve responses to future pandemics.

scholarly journals Highway Freight Transportation Diversity of Cities Based on Radiation Models

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Jun-Chao Ma ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Jiang ◽  
Wanfeng Yan ◽  
Wei-Xing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Radiation Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Truck Transportation

Using a unique data set containing about 15.06 million truck transportation records in five months, we investigate the highway freight transportation diversity of 338 Chinese cities based on the truck transportation probability pij from one city to another. The transportation probabilities are calculated from the radiation model based on the geographic distance and its cost-based version based on the driving distance as the proxy of cost. For each model, we consider both the population and the gross domestic product (GDP), and find quantitatively very similar results. We find that the transportation probabilities have nice power-law tails with the tail exponents close to 0.5 for all the models. The two transportation probabilities in each model fall around the diagonal pij=pji but are often not the same. In addition, the corresponding transportation probabilities calculated from the raw radiation model and the cost-based radiation model also fluctuate around the diagonal pijgeo=pijcost. We calculate four sets of highway truck transportation diversity according to the four sets of transportation probabilities that are found to be close to each other for each city pair. It is found that the population, the gross domestic product, the in-flux, and the out-flux scale as power laws with respect to the transportation diversity in the raw and cost-based radiation models. It implies that a more developed city usually has higher diversity in highway truck transportation, which reflects the fact that a more developed city usually has a more diverse economic structure.

scholarly journals New Coincident and Leading Indexes for the Lebanese Economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Matta
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
One Year

AbstractWeak economic statistics in Lebanon impede economic analysis and decision making. This paper presents a new coincident index and a leading index for the Lebanese economy. A new methodology, based on the National Bureau of Economic Research–Conference Board approach, was used to construct these indexes. The indexes can be used as monthly proxies for the evolution of real gross domestic product with a relatively small time lag (four to five months). Notwithstanding the relatively small sample period, the results reveal promising statistical properties that should make these new indexes valuable coincident and leading (one-year ahead) indexes for analyzing the dynamics of the Lebanese economy. However, given limitations on the length of the gross domestic product time series in Lebanon, the accuracy of these indexes in tracking the business cycle of the Lebanese economy is expected to improve over time as more data points become available.

scholarly journals Evidence for intermittency and a truncated power law from highly resolved aphid movement data

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Mashanova ◽  
Tom H. Oliver ◽  
Vincent A. A. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Aphid Movement ◽  
Two Phases

Power laws are increasingly used to describe animal movement. Despite this, the use of power laws has been criticized on both empirical and theoretical grounds, and alternative models based on extensions of conventional random walk theory (Brownian motion) have been suggested. In this paper, we analyse a large volume of data of aphid walking behaviour (65 068 data points), which provides a highly resolved dataset to investigate the pattern of movement. We show that aphid movement is intermittent—with alternations of a slow movement with frequent change of direction and a fast, relatively directed movement—and that the fast movement consists of two phases—a strongly directed phase that gradually changes into an uncorrelated random walk. By measuring the mean-squared displacement and the duration of non-stop movement episodes we found that both spatial and temporal aspects of aphid movement are best described using a truncated power law approach. We suggest that the observed spatial pattern arises from the duration of non-stop movement phases rather than from correlations in turning angles. We discuss the implications of these findings for interpreting movement data, such as distinguishing between movement and non-movement, and the effect of the range of data used in the analysis on the conclusions.

EVALUATION OF EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FROM TURKEY TO LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė JOTAUTAITĖ ◽  
Eglė JOTAUTIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Textile Products

In this paper, export opportunities of textile products from Turkey to Lithuania are analyzed. The main goal of this article is to present an analysis of the opportunities to import textile products from Turkey to Lithuania. The empirical research basing on the statistical database analysis was used. The analysis of Turkey’s markets was showed that the economy is strongly dependent on exports of various products from Turkey and it is about one forth of Turkey’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The bulk of exports from Turkey is t o countries in the European Union. Turkey is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters of textiles. The analysis of Lithuanian markets was indicated that Lithuania has a feasible market for imports due to its fast growing GDP, increasing labor wages and modernization of agriculture industry. Furthermore, advantageous and adequate policies of Lithuania’s foreign trade should encourage the development of imports to this country. The demand for textile products in Lithuania is growing rapidly and it is one of the most important sectors in fostering its economy

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ersalina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
World Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL, GDP PER KAPITA, SEKTOR PERTANIAN, DAN URBANISASI TERHADAP PENDUDUK BEKERJA DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
John Marcell Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Per Capita

This research aims to understand the influenceof foreign investment, international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization of the working population. Country used as an object in this research is Indonesia. This research uses the method of analysis Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the multiple linear regression analysis method. Research period are from 1997 – 2012. The results showed that the international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization have significantpositive influenceon the population work in Indonesia, but foreign investment has no significanteffect on the working population in Indonesia.

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