scholarly journals Background Indicators

Econometrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Burkhard Raunig
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Aggregate Consumption ◽  
The Impact

It is customary to assume that an indicator of a latent variable is driven by the latent variable and some random noise. In contrast, a background indicator is also systematically influenced by variables outside the structural model of interest. Background indicators deserve attention because in empirical work they are difficult to distinguish from ordinary effect indicators. This paper assesses instrumental variable (IV) estimation of the effect of a latent variable in a linear model when a background indicator replaces the latent variable. It turns out that IV estimates are inconsistent in many important cases. In some cases, the estimates capture causal effects of the indicator rather than causal effects of the latent variable. A simulation experiment that considers the impact of economic uncertainty on aggregate consumption illustrates some of the results.

scholarly journals Examining Predictors and Outcomes of Decent Work Perception with Chinese Nursing College Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Yin Ma ◽  
Junjer You ◽  
Yuanxiong Tang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Exploration Behavior ◽  
Nursing College ◽  
The Impact

Drawing on the psychology of working theory (PWT), the present study was performed to evaluate the predictor session of the PWT and career exploration behavior with a sample of Chinese nursing college students from diverse backgrounds. The research employed a cross-sectional research design and 854 nursing students were recruited from one health vocational college situated in Northwest China. Structural equation modeling was utilized to conduct the analysis; confirmatory factor analysis and structural model testing were performed accordingly. Moreover, mediation analysis that used bias-corrected percentile bootstrapping method and moderation analysis were carried out in accordance. Overall, most of the proposed direct paths were significant, but the mediation results were mixed. Proactive personality simply moderated the impact of economic constraints on career adaptability. The results suggest that PWT is applicable to nursing college students and the model is generally supported in the Chinese context. It is the first empirical work that used this model among nursing college students and future decent work perceptions contributed another important antecedent of career exploration behavior. The practical implications based on these findings are provided as well.

scholarly journals Estimating Endogenous Treatment Effects Using Latent Factor Models with and without Instrumental Variables

Econometrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Souvik Banerjee ◽  
Anirban Basu
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Latent Factor ◽  
Work Absenteeism ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey Replication ◽  
Latent Factor Models ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
The Impact

We provide evidence on the least biased ways to identify causal effects in situations where there are multiple outcomes that all depend on the same endogenous regressor and a reasonable but potentially contaminated instrumental variable that is available. Simulations provide suggestive evidence on the complementarity of instrumental variable (IV) and latent factor methods and how this complementarity depends on the number of outcome variables and the degree of contamination in the IV. We apply the causal inference methods to assess the impact of mental illness on work absenteeism and disability, using the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN TRANS KOETARADJA PADA KORIDOR PUSAT KOTA – MATA IE DAN PUSAT KOTA – AJUN – LHOKNGA MENGGUNAKAN INDIKATOR VARIABEL LATEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Merfazi ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Renni Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Impact

Community dependence on private transportation modes is a major factor in congestion in Banda Aceh. For this reason, the Aceh government implemented the operation policy of Trans Koetaradja to reduce the impact of congestion. Community perception is one of the important aspects in policy making, because by involving the community, decision makers will be able to capture the views, needs and expectations of the community. The purpose of this study is to examine public perceptions of the Trans Koetaradja policy as a case study at 2 (two) corridors, City Center - Mata Ie and City Center - Ajun - Lhoknga. The data collection method used was Stated Preference (SP) with a total of 220 respondents by stratified random sampling. The SP questionnaire contains information about socio-economic, travel behavior, and respondents' perceptions. The result of perception showed that all psychological questions had a good value above 2.5 (average) which was 2.81 (70.20%) from the reference of the 1-4 Likert scale with the indicator with the highest level of acceptance of 3.32 that was a private vehicle needed in everyday life. Data processing and analysis used the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model which was one of the branches of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the regression parameters calibrated using Lisrel 9.3 software to produce a measurement model that was the perception of "personal mode dependence (t-value, 5.13)", whereas in the structural model produced five multiple regression equations with the most significant factor affecting each latent variable was "education".

Finding determinants of e-commerce success: a PLS-SEM approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sharma ◽  
Anu G. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Managerial Implication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System Success ◽  
The Impact

Purpose With the growth in internet technology, the competition between the e-commerce firms has become fierce. This has forced these online vendors to consider customer-centric strategies apart from the retail strategies for generating revenue. The purpose of this paper is to propose a structural model to study the interrelationship between a formative endogenous latent variable (LV), i.e. e-commerce success, and other LVs representing the customer-oriented success factors such as website service quality (WSQ), customer support system (CSS), personalization and electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM). Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a structural model to validate the determinants of electronic commerce success. Survey-based data obtained from 265 respondents are used to validate the model hypotheses. To analyze the data, partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is performed using smartPLS 2.0 software. The results on the interrelationships between the constructs are determined using path analysis. Findings The data analysis results infer the impact of these success factors on e-commerce success systems. After applying bootstrapping technique, the authors observed that WSQ, CSS, personalization and EWOM have a significant positive effect on e-commerce system success (ESS). Further studies can be performed considering mobile commerce and their critical success factors. Practical implications The findings of the study emphasize on the importance of these four exogenous variables for e-businesses in order to achieve a competitive edge over their competitors. The study provides a detailed managerial implication with respect to each causal relationship, so as to suggest some remedial measures to gain customer market. Originality/value Here, the authors consider an empirical model which shows the determinants of ESS. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a distinctive system success framework is modeled considering a unique combination of exogenous variables not considered by previous studies.

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

Structural Modeling of Institute of Entrepreneurship in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Svetlana L. Sazanova
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Pattern Modeling ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the modern global economy; the share of products of small and medium enterprises in the gross product and exports not only of the developed but also of developing countries is growing. Innovation processes cover all sectors of the economy, and more and more people are involved in entrepreneurial activity, which contributes to the penetration of entrepreneurial thinking and business values in all areas of the socioeconomic life of society. The Institute of Entrepreneurship plays an increasingly prominent role in the institutional environment of socio-economic systems. This actualizes the problem of studying the relationship of the institution of entrepreneurship with the institutions of law, culture, management. This requires a methodology that allows you to explore the impact on the institute of entrepreneurship not only economic, but also non-economic factors. The methodology of the “old” institutionalism possesses such a tool, it is structural modeling (pattern modeling), which allows to explore the diversity of interrelationships of the institution of entrepreneurship with other components of the institutional and economic environment. The article explored the features of the development of the institution of entrepreneurship in Russia, established the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship, values, motives and incentives for entrepreneurial activity, built a structural model of the institution of entrepreneurship based on the methodology of the old institutionalism (pattern modeling). The structural model of the institution of entrepreneurship reveals the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship, the values of entrepreneurial activity, its motives and incentives; as well as the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship with the institutions of governance, cultural and religious institutions, legal institutions and society.

Structural Model of Service Quality Factors Affecting Loyalty Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Al-erqi ◽  
◽  
Mohd Lizam Mohd Diah ◽  
Najmaddin Abo Mosali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This study seeks to address the impact of service quality affecting international student's satisfaction towards loyalty tothe Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM). The aim of thestudy is to develop relationship between service quality factor and loyalty to the university from the international students’ perspectives. The study adopted quantitative approach where data was collected through questionnaire survey and analysed statistically. A total of 246 responses were received and found to be valid. The model was developed and analysed using AMOS-SEM software. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) function of the software was to assessed the measurement models and found that all the models achieved goodness of fit. Then path analysis function was used to assessed structural model and found that service qualityfactors have a significant effect on the students’ satisfaction and thus affecting the loyaltyto the university. Hopefully the outcome form this study will benefit the university in providing services especially to the international students.

Examining the interrelationships among reward systems, organisational climate and cultural changes in the hospitality industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Kakarougkas ◽  
Theodoros Stavrinoudis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Organisational Climate ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Of Extraction

This paper aims to explore the impact of a hotel’s reward system on strengthening: positiverelationships and communication among employees; the creation of a change-friendlyorganisational climate and cultural change barriers, within the context of a cultural changeprocess in a hotel. Quantitative data were collected from a proportionally stratified,representative sample of 207 Greek five-star hotels’ senior executives and analysed with theprincipal component method of extraction and Structural Equation Modelling. This led to thecreation and validation of three prototype second-order latent variable models, whichhighlight and depict the impact of individual variables and their importance for a rewardsystem creating an organisational climate for or against cultural change in hotels. Theoriginality of the paper lays on both theoretical and practical levels. On a theoretical level, thepaper’s findings manage to fill a knowledge gap through a novel modelling of a rewardsystem on a hotel’s organisational climate in times of cultural change. On a practical level, thepaper findings enable hotels’ executives to focus on specific variables of a reward system thatcan enhance and/or prevent a cultural change initiative.

The Impact of Service Satisfaction, Relational Satisfaction and Commitment on Customer Loyalty in Logistics Outsourcing Relationship

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjit Singh H.
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Service Satisfaction ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Logistics Outsourcing ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
The Impact

This research explores the impact of service satisfaction, relational satisfaction, price satisfaction, and commitment on customer loyalty in logistics outsourcing relationships in Indian scenario. 254 users of logistics services from India were selected for investigating the potential linkages among the aforementioned satisfaction aspects and loyalty. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the reliability and validity of the measurement and structural model developed to study the relationship among the linkages. Findings from the study supports that logistics service satisfaction, price satisfaction, relational satisfaction and commitment do influence loyalty positively. The analysis suggests that service satisfaction is the most important antecedent having primary influence in the formation of customer loyalty. Service satisfaction also has secondary influence on loyalty by acting as a strong driver in both relational satisfaction and commitment aspects of the service dimensions. Price satisfaction though positively been driven by service satisfaction, was found to have less significant effect as a predictor of loyalty in this context. The present study suggests that relational satisfaction is the second major predictor of loyalty which also drives commitment. This research is not an end-point but an attempt to establish the linkages and the effect among the antecedents driving the building and retention of good buyer-seller relationship in logistics outsourcing.

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