scholarly journals Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries State-Condition in Electric Vehicle Applications: Issues and State of the Art

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Khaled Laadjal ◽  
Antonio J. Marques Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Factors Affecting

Lithium-ion batteries are the most used these days for charging electric vehicles (EV). It is important to study the aging of batteries because the deterioration of their characteristics largely determines the cost, efficiency, and environmental impact of electric vehicles, especially full-electric ones. The estimation of batteries’ state-condition is also very important for improving energy efficiency, lengthening the life cycle, minimizing costs and ensuring safe implementation of batteries in electric vehicles. However, batteries with large temporal variables and non-linear characteristics are often affected by random factors affecting the equivalent internal resistance (EIR), battery state of charge (SoC), and state of health (SoH) in EV applications. The estimation of batteries’ parameters is a complex process, due to its dependence on various factors such as batteries age and ambient temperature, among others. A good estimate of SoC and internal resistance leads to long battery life and disaster prevention in the event of a battery failure. The classification of estimation methodologies for internal parameters and the charging status of batteries will be very helpful in choosing the appropriate method for the development of a reliable and secure battery management system (BMS) and an energy management strategy for electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Lithium-Ion Battery Management System: A Lifecycle Evaluation Model for the Use in the Development of Electric Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 04020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayush Sisodia ◽  
Jonathan Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
System A

The use of Lithium-ion batteries in the automobile sector has expanded drastically in the recent years. The foreseen increment of lithium to power electric and hybrid electric vehicles has provoked specialists to analyze the long term credibility of lithium as a transportation asset. To give a better picture of future accessibility, this paper exhibits a life cycle model for the key procedures and materials associated with the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery life cycle, on a worldwide scale. This model tracks the flow of lithium and energy sources from extraction, to generation, to on road utilization, and the role of reusing and scrapping. This life cycle evaluation model is the initial phase in building up an examination model for the lithium ion battery production that would enable the policymakers to survey the future importance of lithium battery recycling, and when in time setting up a reusing foundation be made necessary.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparative Study of Cell Balancing Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
Thiruvonasundari Duraisamy ◽  
Kaliyaperumal Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Cell Balancing

Vehicle manufacturers positioned electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as reliable, safe and environmental friendly alternative to traditional fuel based vehicles. Charging EVs using renewable energy resources reduce greenhouse emissions. The Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EVs are susceptible to failure due to voltage imbalance when connected to form a pack. Hence, it requires a proper balancing system categorised into passive and active systems based on the working principle. It is the prerogative of a battery management system (BMS) designer to choose an appropriate system depending on the application. This study compares and evaluates passive balancing system against widely used inductor based active balancing system in order to select an appropriate balancing scheme addressing battery efficiency and balancing speed for E-vehicle segment (E-bike, E-car and E-truck). The balancing systems are implemented using “top-balancing” algorithm which balance the cells voltages near the end of charge for better accuracy and effective balancing. The most important characteristics of the balancing systems such as degree of imbalance, power loss and temperature variation are determined by their influence on battery performance and cost. To enhance the battery life, Matlab-Simscape simulation-based analysis is performed in order to fine tune the cell balancing system for the optimal usage of the battery pack. For the simulation requirements, the battery model parameters are obtained using least-square fitting algorithm on the data obtained through electro chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The achieved balancing time of the passive and active cell balancer for fourteen cells were 48 and 20 min for the voltage deviation of 30 mV. Also, the recorded balancing time was 215 and 42 min for the voltage deviation of 200 mV.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparative Study of Cell Balancing Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
Thiruvonasundari Duraisamy ◽  
Kaliyaperumal Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Cell Balancing

Vehicle manufacturers positioned electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as reliable, safe and environmental friendly alternative to traditional fuel based vehicles. Charging EVs using renewable energy resources reduce greenhouse emissions. The Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EVs are susceptible to failure due to voltage imbalance when connected to form a pack. Hence, it requires a proper balancing system categorised into passive and active systems based on the working principle. It is the prerogative of a battery management system (BMS) designer to choose an appropriate system depending on the application. This study compares and evaluates passive balancing system against widely used inductor based active balancing system in order to select an appropriate balancing scheme addressing battery efficiency and balancing speed for E-vehicle segment (E-bike, E-car and E-truck). The balancing systems are implemented using “top-balancing” algorithm which balance the cells voltages near the end of charge for better accuracy and effective balancing. The most important characteristics of the balancing systems such as degree of imbalance, power loss and temperature variation are determined by their influence on battery performance and cost. To enhance the battery life, Matlab-Simscape simulation-based analysis is performed in order to fine tune the cell balancing system for the optimal usage of the battery pack. For the simulation requirements, the battery model parameters are obtained using least-square fitting algorithm on the data obtained through electro chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The achieved balancing time of the passive and active cell balancer for fourteen cells were 48 and 20 min for the voltage deviation of 30 mV. Also, the recorded balancing time was 215 and 42 min for the voltage deviation of 200 mV.

Lithium-Ion Battery Health Prognosis Based on a Real Battery Management System Used in Electric Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 4110-4121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Yongzhi Zhang ◽  
Ju Wang ◽  
Hongwen He ◽  
Simin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management

scholarly journals A Fractional-Order Kinetic Battery Model of Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering a Nonlinear Capacity

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yunlong Shang ◽  
Bin Duan ◽  
Naxin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Nonlinear Capacity ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Parameter Identifications

Accurate battery models are integral to the battery management system and safe operation of electric vehicles. Few investigations have been conducted on the influence of current rate (C-rate) on the available capacity of the battery, for example, the kinetic battery model (KiBaM). However, the nonlinear characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are closer to a fractional-order dynamic system because of their electrochemical materials and properties. The application of fractional-order models to represent physical systems is timely and interesting. In this paper, a novel fractional-order KiBaM (FO-KiBaM) is proposed. The available capacity of a ternary LIB module is tested at different C-rates, and its parameter identifications are achieved by the experimental data. The results showed that the estimated errors of available capacity in the proposed FO-KiBaM were low over a wide applied current range, specifically, the mean absolute error was only 1.91%.

scholarly journals Active cell balancing for electric vehicle battery management system

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Thiruvonasundari Duraisamy ◽  
Deepa Kaliyaperumal
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
In Series ◽  
Cell Balancing

The shrink in accessibility of petroleum products and increment in asset request are eventual outcomes for Electrical Vehicles (EVs). The battery has an impact on the performance of electrical vehicles, the driving range. Lithium ion (Li-ion) chemistry is extremely sensitive to overcharge and deep discharge, which can harm the battery, shortening its period of time, and even inflicting risky things. The Battery Management System (BMS) comprises of the consequent parts: management, equalization and protection. Of the three components, equalization is that the most crucial with respect to the durability of the battery framework. The ability of the full pack diminishes rapidly amid the procedure which leads to degradation of the full battery framework. This condition is extreme once the battery incorporates a more number of cells in series and frequent charging is conveyed through the battery string. The cell imbalance during charging, discharging is a major issue in battery systems used in EVs. To circumvent the cell imbalance, cell balancing is used. Cell balancing enhances battery safety and extends battery life. This paper discusses about different active balancing method to increase the life span of the battery module. Based on the comparison, the inductor based balancing method for 60V battery system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simscape environment and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals A Survey of Wireless Battery Management System: Topology, Emerging Trends, and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2193
Author(s):  
Akash Samanta ◽  
Sheldon S. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Implementation Cost ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Depth Analysis

An effective battery management system (BMS) is indispensable for any lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered systems such as electric vehicles (EVs) and stationary grid-tied energy storage systems. Massive wire harness, scalability issue, physical failure of wiring, and high implementation cost and weight are some of the major issues in conventional wired-BMS. One of the promising solutions researchers have come up with is the wireless BMS (WBMS) architecture. Despite research and development on WBMS getting momentum more than a decade ago, it is still in a preliminary stage. Significant further upgradation is required towards developing an industry-ready WBMS, especially for high-power LIB packs. Therefore, an in-depth survey exclusively on WBMS architectures is presented in this article. The aim is to provide a summary of the existing developments as well as to present an informative guide to the research community for future developments by highlighting the issues, emerging trends, and challenges. In-depth analysis of the existing WBMS topologies will not only help the researchers to understand the existing challenges and future research scopes clearly but at the same time enthuse them to focus their research inclination in the domain of WBMS.

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