A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid

Since the 1990s, the digitalization process has transformed the communication infrastructure within the electrical grid: proprietary infrastructures and protocols have been replaced by the IEC 61850 approach, which realizes interoperability among vendors. Furthermore, the latest networking solutions merge operational technologies (OTs) and informational technology (IT) traffics in the same media, such as time-sensitive networking (TSN)—standard, interoperable, deterministic, and Ethernet-based. It merges OT and IT worlds by defining three basic traffic types: scheduled, best-effort, and reserved traffic. However, TSN demands security against potential new cyberattacks, primarily, to protect real-time critical messages. Consequently, security in the smart grid has turned into a hot topic under regulation, standardization, and business. This survey collects vulnerabilities of the communication in the smart grid and reveals security mechanisms introduced by international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 62351-6 and how to apply them to time-sensitive networking.

Download Full-text

Cyber Security in Smart Grid System

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i8.85 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 341

Author(s):

Anoop Jaysawal

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Real Time ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Power Plants ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

Generation Plant ◽

Virtual Power Plants ◽

Smart Grid System ◽

Transmission And Distribution

Abstract: The smart grid is an evolution of the electrical grid to respond to these challenges. A smart grid is an energy transmission and distribution network enhanced through digital control, monitoring, and telecommunications capabilities. It provides a real-time, two-way flow of energy and information to all stakeholders in the electricity chain, from the generation plant to the commercial, industrial, and residential end user. This evolution is crucial for integrating both renewable and distributed energy resources and to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the electrical grid and associated services. It will also help in other ways, such as enabling:• Smart and positive energy infrastructures• Increased energy density management during peaks• Real-time pricing to customers• Integrated mobility services• New virtual power plants• Micro grid

Download Full-text

Trust Management Issues for Sensors Security and Privacy in the Smart Grid

Security and Privacy in Smart Sensor Networks - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5736-4.ch005 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 86-103

Author(s):

Nawal Ait Aali ◽

Amine Baina ◽

Loubna Echabbi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Real Time ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Trust Management ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Electric Networks ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

The World

Currently, smart grids have changed the world, given the great benefits of these critical infrastructures regarding the customers' satisfaction by offering them the electrical energy that they need for their business. Also, the smart grid aims to solve all the problems encountered in the current electrical grid (outage, lack of renewable energy, an excess in the produced power, etc.) by transmitting and sharing the information in real time between the different entities through the installation of the sensors. This chapter therefore presents the architecture of the smart grid by describing its objectives and advantages. In addition, the microgrids are presented as small electric networks. Then, focusing on the security aspects, an analysis of the different attacks and risks faced in the smart grids and more particularly in the microgrids is presented. After, different techniques and suitable security solutions are detailed to protect and secure the various elements of the smart grids and microgrids.

Download Full-text

Trust Management Issues for Sensors Security and Privacy in the Smart Grid

10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch059 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1317-1334

Author(s):

Nawal Ait Aali ◽

Amine Baina ◽

Loubna Echabbi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Real Time ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Trust Management ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Electric Networks ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

The World

Download Full-text

A multi-channel distributed routing scheme for smart grid real-time critical event monitoring applications in the perspective of Industry 4.0

International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing ◽

10.1504/ijahuc.2019.103264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Muhammad Faheem ◽

Rizwan Aslam Butt ◽

Basit Raza ◽

Muhammad Waqar Ashraf ◽

Md. A. Ngadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Real Time ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

Critical Event ◽

Event Monitoring ◽

Distributed Routing ◽

Routing Scheme ◽

Monitoring Applications ◽

Time Critical

Download Full-text

Research on IEC 61850 Gateway Based on MMS Mapping

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2576 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 694-697 ◽

pp. 2576-2580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Si Zu Hou ◽

Feng Ying Kong ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Communication Networks ◽

Communication Protocol ◽

International Electrotechnical Commission ◽

Design Framework ◽

Application Layer ◽

Iec 61850 ◽

International Standard ◽

Overall Design ◽

Spacer Layer

IEC 61850 is an international standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission TC57 substation automation communication networks and systems. It uses MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) as a real-time communication protocol of the application layer, and achieves the communication between the substation layer and the spacer layer. This paper describes the features and functions of the IEC 61850 and MMS technology and focuses on the principle of MMS mapping in the application of IEC 61850 , then preliminarily leads to the overall design framework of the IEC 61850 gateway.

Download Full-text

Vulnerability and Impact Analysis of the IEC 61850 GOOSE Protocol in the Smart Grid

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1554

Author(s):

Haftu Tasew Reda ◽

Biplob Ray ◽

Pejman Peidaee ◽

Adnan Anwar ◽

Abdun Mahmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Real Time ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Security Vulnerabilities ◽

Iec 61850 ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Time Simulation ◽

Electrical Substation ◽

Smart Grid Communication

IEC 61850 is one of the most prominent communication standards adopted by the smart grid community due to its high scalability, multi-vendor interoperability, and support for several input/output devices. Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE), which is a widely used communication protocol defined in IEC 61850, provides reliable and fast transmission of events for the electrical substation system. This paper investigates the security vulnerabilities of this protocol and analyzes the potential impact on the smart grid by rigorously analyzing the security of the GOOSE protocol using an automated process and identifying vulnerabilities in the context of smart grid communication. The vulnerabilities are tested using a real-time simulation and industry standard hardware-in-the-loop emulation. An in-depth experimental analysis is performed to demonstrate and verify the security weakness of the GOOSE publish-subscribe protocol towards the substation protection within the smart grid setup. It is observed that an adversary who might have familiarity with the substation network architecture can create falsified attack scenarios that can affect the physical operation of the power system. Extensive experiments using the real-time testbed validate the theoretical analysis, and the obtained experimental results prove that the GOOSE-based IEC 61850 compliant substation system is vulnerable to attacks from malicious intruders.

Download Full-text

A Real-Time Open Access Platform towards Proof of Concept for Smart Grid Applications

Journal of Mobile Multimedia ◽

10.13052/550-4646.1413 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Kemal1 ◽

Lennart Petersen ◽

Florin Iov ◽

Rasmus Løvenstein Olsen

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Real Time ◽

Model Description ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Detailed Model ◽

Power Sources ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

Grid Applications ◽

Set Up

This paper presents development of real time open access platform towards proof of concept of smart grid applications deployed at Smart Energy System Laboratory of Aalborg University. Discussed on the paper is the architecture and set-up of the platform by elaborating the three main layers: electrical grid layer, ICT & network emulation layer and control layer. DiSC-OPAL, a toolbox built for OPAL-RT real time grid simulation; comprising of models for wide variety of controllable flexible assets, stochastic power sources for wind and solar power plants, real consumption data’s and electrical grid components is presented. A detailed model description of the whole set up and the corresponding functionalities is characterized. To showcase real life application of the whole framework, an overview of two test cases implemented for European SmartC2Net project with focus on control and market integration of low voltage distribution grids is presented.

Download Full-text