Simultaneous Audio Encryption and Compression Using Parallel Compressive Sensing and Modified Toeplitz Measurement Matrix

With the explosive growth of voice information interaction, there is an urgent need for safe and effective compression transmission methods. In this paper, compressive sensing is used to realize the compression and encryption of speech signals. Firstly, the scheme of linear feedback shift register combined with inner product to generate measurement matrix is proposed. Secondly, we adopt a new parallel compressive sensing technique to tremendously improve the processing efficiency. Further, the two parties in the communication adopt public key cryptosystem to safely share the key and select a different measurement matrix for each frame of the voice signal to ensure the security. This scheme greatly reduces the difficulty of generating measurement matrix in hardware and improves the processing efficiency. Compared with the existing scheme by Moreno-Alvarado et al., our scheme has reduced the execution time by approximately 8%, and the mean square error (MSE) has also been reduced by approximately 5%.

Download Full-text

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Vowels in Cleft Palate Children with or without Hypernasality

International Journal of Otolaryngology ◽

10.1155/2012/739523 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Katsuaki Mishima ◽

Hiroyuki Nakano ◽

Tatsushi Matsumura ◽

Norifumi Moritani ◽

Seiji Iida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Nonlinear Dynamic ◽

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Voice Signal ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Voice ◽

Nasal Resonance

Objectives. To clarify the difference between Lyapunov exponents (LEs) for cleft palate (CP) patients with hypernasality versus without hypernasality and to investigate the relationship between their LEs and nasalance scores (NSs).Material and Methods. Six CP patients with severe hypernasality (mean age 9.2 years) and six CP patients without hypernasality (mean age 8.0 years) were enrolled. Five Japanese vowels were recorded at 44.1 KHz, and the NSs were measured simultaneously. The mean first LE (mLE1) from all one-second intervals was computed.Results. The mLE1for /o/ in patients with hypernasality was significantly higher than that in patients without hypernasality. The correlation coefficients between the mLE1and NS for all vowels were not statistically different.Conclusion. The voice signal of /o/ for the patients with hypernasality was more instable than in those without hypernasality. The chaotic phenomenon was independent of nasal resonance in CP voice.

Download Full-text

Optimized Measurement Matrix for Compressive Sensing

Sampling Theory, Signal Processing, and Data Analysis ◽

10.1007/bf03549562 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 71-86

Author(s):

Honglin Huang ◽

Anamitra Makur

Keyword(s):

Compressive Sensing ◽

Measurement Matrix

Download Full-text

Linear feedback shift register and integer theory: a state-of-art approach in security issues over e-commerce

Electronic Commerce Research ◽

10.1007/s10660-021-09477-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anirban Bhowmik ◽

Sunil Karforma

Keyword(s):

Shift Register ◽

Linear Feedback Shift Register ◽

Linear Feedback ◽

Security Issues ◽

Feedback Shift Register ◽

State Of Art

Download Full-text

Establishing Normative Data on Singing Voice Parameters of Children and Adolescents with Average Singing Activity Using the Voice Range Profile

Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica ◽

10.1159/000513521 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Tobias Dienerowitz ◽

Thomas Peschel ◽

Mandy Vogel ◽

Tanja Poulain ◽

Christoph Engel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Normative Data ◽

Clinical Diagnostics ◽

Singing Voice ◽

Minimum Frequency ◽

Range Profile ◽

Percentile Curves ◽

The Mean ◽

Voice Range ◽

The Voice

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize age- and gender-specific normative data of the singing voice using the voice range profile for clinical diagnostics. Furthermore, associations between the singing voice and the socioeconomic status were examined. Methods: Singing voice profiles of 1,578 mostly untrained children aged between 7.0 and 16.11 years were analyzed. Participants had to reproduce sung tones at defined pitches, resulting in maximum and minimum fundamental frequency and sound pressure level (SPL). In addition, maximum phonation time (MPT) was measured. Percentile curves of frequency, SPL and MPT were estimated. To examine the associations of socioeconomic status, multivariate analyses adjusted for age and sex were performed. Results: In boys, the mean of the highest frequency was 750.9 Hz and lowered to 397.1 Hz with increasing age. Similarly, the minimum frequency was 194.4 Hz and lowered to 91.9 Hz. In girls, the mean maximum frequency decreased from 754.9 to 725.3 Hz. The mean minimum frequency lowered from 202.4 to 175.0 Hz. For both sexes, the mean frequency range ∆f showed a constant range of roughly 24 semitones. The MPT increased with age, for boys and girls. There was neither an effect of age nor sex on SPLmin or SPLmax, ranging between 52.6 and 54.1 dBA and between 86.5 and 82.8 dBA, respectively. Socioeconomic status was not associated with the above-mentioned variables. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is the first to present large normative data on the singing voice in childhood and adolescence based on a high number of measurements. In addition, we provide percentile curves for practical application in clinic and vocal pedagogy which may be applied to distinguish between normal and pathological singing voice.

Download Full-text