scholarly journals A Multispectral Backscattered Light Recorder of Insects’ Wingbeats

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraklis Rigakis ◽  
Ilyas Potamitis ◽  
Nicolaos-Alexandros Tatlas ◽  
Ioannis Livadaras ◽  
Stavros Ntalampiras
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Cast Shadow ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Single Snapshot ◽  
Color Characterization

Most reported optical recorders of the wingbeat of insects are based on the so-called extinction light, which is the variation of light in the receiver due to the cast shadow of the insect’s wings and main body. In this type of recording devices, the emitter uses light and is placed opposite to the receiver, which is usually a single (or multiple) photodiode. In this work, we present a different kind of wingbeat sensor and its associated recorder that aims to extract a deeper representational signal of the wingbeat event and color characterization of the main body of the insect, namely: a) we record the backscattered light that is richer in harmonics than the extinction light, b) we use three different spectral bands, i.e., a multispectral approach that aims to grasp the melanization and microstructural and color features of the wing and body of the insects, and c) we average at the receiver’s level the backscattered signal from many LEDs that illuminate the wingbeating insect from multiple orientations and thus offer a smoother and more complete signal than one based on a single snapshot. We present all the necessary details to reproduce the device and we analyze many insects of interest like the bee Apis mellifera, the wasp Polistes gallicus, and some insects whose wingbeating characteristics are pending in the current literature, like Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus, another member of the drosophilidae family.

scholarly journals A novel electronic gate that identifies and counts bees based on their RGB backscattered light

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Ilyas Potamitis ◽  
Iraklis Rigakis ◽  
Nicolaos-Alexandros Tatlas ◽  
Spyros Kouzoupis
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Color Characterization ◽  
Worker Bee

In this work, we present an electronic gate that aims to extract a deeper representational signal of the color characterization of the main body of an insect, namely: a) we record the backscattered light and not the extinction light as commonly done, b) a color sensor analyses backscattered light to individual RGB channels independently to grasp the melanization, microstructural and color features of the wing and body of the insects passing the gate. We present all the necessary details to reproduce the device and we analyze many insects of interest like the bee Apis mellifera and the wasp Polistes gallicus. The electronic gate is attached to the entrance of the beehive and counts foraging activity. The backscattered light intensity can quantify the size of the incoming insect and discern a drone and a worker bee from a queen bee while the color measurements aim to recognize invasive species so that the gate closes and the beekeepers are alerted.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of the Apis mellifera drones in the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
N R Gazizova ◽  
A G Mannapov ◽  
V N Sattarov ◽  
V G Semenov ◽  
A I Skvortsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The Southern Urals

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

scholarly journals Identification and functional characterization of odorant-binding proteins 69a and 76a of Drosophila suzukii

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e06427
Author(s):  
Haixia Zhan ◽  
Du Li ◽  
Youssef Dewer ◽  
Changying Niu ◽  
Fengqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Odorant Binding

scholarly journals Synthesis, Quantification, and Characterization of Fatty Acid Amides from In Vitro and In Vivo Sources

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2543
Author(s):  
Ruidong Ni ◽  
Suzeeta Bhandari ◽  
Perry R. Mitchell ◽  
Gabriela Suarez ◽  
Neel B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Fatty Acid Amides ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide

Fatty acid amides are a diverse family of underappreciated, biologically occurring lipids. Herein, the methods for the chemical synthesis and subsequent characterization of specific members of the fatty acid amide family are described. The synthetically prepared fatty acid amides and those obtained commercially are used as standards for the characterization and quantification of the fatty acid amides produced by biological systems, a fatty acid amidome. The fatty acid amidomes from mouse N18TG2 cells, sheep choroid plexus cells, Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, Apis mellifera, and Tribolium castaneum are presented.

Isolation and characterization of proteases that hydrolyze royal jelly proteins from queen bee larvae of the honeybee, Apis mellifera

Apidologie ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Matsuoka ◽  
Takuji Kawashima ◽  
Tadashi Nakamura ◽  
Yoshihiro Kanamaru ◽  
Tomio Yabe
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Drug delivery applications of poly-γ-glutamic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalekan A. Balogun-Agbaje ◽  
Olubusola A. Odeniyi ◽  
Michael A. Odeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Site Characterization ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Drug Delivery Application ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biopolymer of microbial origin, consisting of repeating units of l-glutamic acid and/or D-glutamic acid. The biopolymer has found use in the fields of agriculture, food, wastewater, and medicine, owing to its non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. Due to its biodegradability, γ-PGA is being tipped to dislodge synthetic plastics in drug delivery application. High cost of production, relative to plastics, is however a clog in the wheel of achieving this. Main body of abstract This review looked at the production, nanoparticles fabrication, and drug delivery application of γ-PGA. γ-PGA production optimization by modifying the fermentation medium to tailor towards the production of desirable polymer at reduced cost and techniques for the formulation of γ-PGA nanoparticle as well as its characterization were discussed. This review also evaluated the application of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles in the delivery of drugs to action site. Characterization of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles is a crucial step towards determining the applicability of the biopolymer. γ-PGA has been used in the delivery of active agents to action sites. Conclusion This review highlights some of the efforts that have been made in the appraisal of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles for drug delivery. γ-PGA is a candidate for future extensive use in drug delivery.

Characterization of the Drosophila suzukii β2-tubulin gene and the utilization of its promoter to monitor sex separation and insemination

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 145366
Author(s):  
Ying Yan ◽  
Jonas Schwirz ◽  
Marc F. Schetelig
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Sex Separation

scholarly journals 07-P009 Doublesex variants in the honey bee, Apis mellifera: Lack of sex-specific expression and characterization of novel transcripts

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. S139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia C. Freitas ◽  
Alexandre S. Cristino ◽  
Francis M. Nunes ◽  
Zila L. Simoes
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Novel Transcripts

Photoacoustic FT-IR Spectroscopy of Natural Copper Patina

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1516-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex O. Salnick ◽  
Werner Faubel
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
City Hall ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Special Sample Preparation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FT-IR/PAS) has proved to be a useful tool for nondestructive testing of copper corrosion layer (patina) formed in the atmosphere. The samples cut from a piece of the roof of the Stockholm City Hall were examined without any additional pretreatment. The components of the patina—brochantite Cu4(OH)6SO4, antlerite Cu3(OH)4SO4, and basic cupric carbonate Cu2CO3(OH)6 · H2O—as well as some other minerals were identified. The photothermal beam deflection (PBD) method was used for independent photoacoustic characterization of the samples. The depth profiling capability of FT-IR/PAS was used to determine the degree of photoacoustic saturation of the spectral bands and to evaluate the depth distribution of the main patina components. The technique thus compares favorably with more common approaches of patina examination which are more expensive and require special sample preparation.

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