CCN-Based Inter-Vehicle Communication for Efficient Collection of Road and Traffic Information

Recently, inter-vehicle communication, which helps to avoid collision accidents (by driving safety support system) and facilitate self-driving (by dissemination of road and traffic information), has attracted much attention. In this paper, in order to efficiently collect road/traffic information in the request/response manner, first a basic method, Content-centric network (CCN) for Vehicular network (CV), is proposed, which applies CCN cache function to inter-vehicle communication. Content naming and routing, which take vehicle mobility into account, are investigated. On this basis, the CV method is extended (called ECV) to avoid the cache miss problem caused by vehicle movement, and is further enhanced (called ECV+) to more efficiently exploit cache buffer in vehicles, caching content according to a probability decided by a channel usage rate. Extensive evaluations on the network simulator Scenargie, with a realistic open street map, confirm that the CV method and its extensions (ECV, ECV+) effectively reduce the average number of hops of data packets (by up to 47%, 63%, and 83%, respectively) and greatly improve the content acquisition success rate (by up to 356%, 444%, and 689%, respectively), compared to the method without a cache mechanism.

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A real-time push system on road traffic information

Advanced Computer Control ◽

10.2495/icacc130741 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Xu ◽

Zhang Zhenjiang ◽

Liu Yun

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Traffic Information

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Travel mode recognition of urban residents using mobile phone data and MapAPI

Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science ◽

10.1177/2399808320983001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 239980832098300

Author(s):

Zhenghong Peng ◽

Guikai Bai ◽

Hao Wu ◽

Lingbo Liu ◽

Yang Yu

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Traffic Flow ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Phone Call ◽

Traffic Information ◽

Mobile Phone Data ◽

Urban Residents ◽

Travel Mode

Obtaining the time and space features of the travel of urban residents can facilitate urban traffic optimization and urban planning. As traditional methods often have limited sample coverage and lack timeliness, the application of big data such as mobile phone data in urban studies makes it possible to rapidly acquire the features of residents’ travel. However, few studies have attempted to use them to recognize the travel modes of residents. Based on mobile phone call detail records and the Web MapAPI, the present study proposes a method to recognize the travel mode of urban residents. The main processes include: (a) using DBSCAN clustering to analyze each user’s important location points and identify their main travel trajectories; (b) using an online map API to analyze user’s means of travel; (c) comparing the two to recognize the travel mode of residents. Applying this method in a GIS platform can further help obtain the traffic flow of various means, such as walking, driving, and public transit, on different roads during peak hours on weekdays. Results are cross-checked with other data sources and are proven effective. Besides recognizing travel modes of residents, the proposed method can also be applied for studies such as travel costs, housing–job balance, and road traffic pressure. The study acquires about 6 million residents’ travel modes, working place and residence information, and analyzes the means of travel and traffic flow in the commuting of 3 million residents using the proposed method. The findings not only provide new ideas for the collection and application of urban traffic information, but also provide data support for urban planning and traffic management.

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Cooperative Mechanism of Local Memory and Cache in Network Processors

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.1969 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 380-384 ◽

pp. 1969-1972

Author(s):

Bo Yuan ◽

Jin Dou Fan ◽

Bin Liu

Keyword(s):

Packet Processing ◽

Network Processors ◽

Local Memory ◽

Memory Space ◽

Memory Mechanism ◽

Hierarchical Memory ◽

Packet Data ◽

On Chip ◽

Cache Mechanism ◽

Cache Miss

Traditional network processors (NPs) adopt either local memory mechanism or cache mechanism as the hierarchical memory structure. The local memory mechanism usually has small on-chip memory space which is not fit for the various complicated applications. The cache mechanism is better at dealing with the temporary data which need to be read and written frequently. But in deep packet processing, cache miss occurs when reading each segment of packet. We propose a cooperative mechanism of local memory and cache. In which the packet data and temporary data are stored into local memory and cache respectively. The analysis and experimental evaluation shows that the cooperative mechanism can improve the performance of network processors and reduce processing latency with little extra resources cost.

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Air pollution in an urban street canyon: Novel insights from highly resolved traffic information and meteorology

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15830 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Ehrnsperger ◽

Otto Klemm

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Traffic Information ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Urban Site ◽

Gasoline Vehicles ◽

Agricultural Areas

Ambient air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM) and trace gases is a pressing topic as it affects the vast majority of the world's population, especially in densely populated urban environments. The main sources of ambient air pollution in cities are road traffic, industries and domestic heating. Alongside nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM, ammonia (NH3) is also a relevant air pollutant due to its role as a precursor of particulate ammonium (NH4+). To examine the temporal patterns and sources of air pollutants, this study used fast-response air quality measurements in combination with highly resolved traffic information in M&#252;nster, NW Germany. The temporal dynamics of NOx and the particle number concentration (PN10) were similar to the diurnal and weekly courses of the traffic density. On very short timescales, the real-world peak ratios of NOx and PM&#160;&#8804;&#160;10&#160;&#181;m diameter (PM10) exceeded the predicted pollutant emission ratios of the Handbook for Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) by a factor of 6.4 and 2.0, respectively. A relative importance model revealed that light-duty vehicles (LDVs) are the major relative contributor to PN10 (38&#160;%) despite their low abundance (4&#160;%) in the local vehicle fleet.&#160; Diesel and gasoline vehicles contributed similarly to the concentrations of PM10 and PN10, while the impact of gasoline vehicles on the PM1 concentration was greater than that of diesel vehicles by a factor of 4.4. The most recent emission class Euro&#160;6 had the highest influence on PM10. Meteorological parameters explained a large portion of the variations in PM10 and PM1, while meteorology had only a minor influence on PN10. We also studied the short-term temporal dynamics of urban NH3 concentrations, the role of road traffic and agriculture as NH3 sources and the importance of ammonia for secondary particle formation (SPF). The NH3 mixing ratio was rather high (mean:&#160;17&#160;ppb) compared to other urban areas and showed distinct diurnal maxima around 10 a.m. and 9&#160;p.m. The main source for ammonia in M&#252;nster was agriculture, but road traffic also contributed through local emissions from vehicle catalysts. NH3 from surrounding agricultural areas accumulated in the nocturnal boundary layer and contributed to SPF in the city center. The size-resolved chemical composition of inorganic ions in PM10 was dominated by NH4+ (8.7&#160;&#181;g&#160;m-3), followed by NO3- (3.9&#160;&#181;g&#160;m-3), SO42- (1.6&#160;&#181;g&#160;m-3) and Cl- (1.3&#160;&#181;g&#160;m-3). Particles in the accumulation range (diameter: 0.1&#160;&#8211;&#160;1&#160;&#181;m) showed the highest inorganic ion concentrations. The ammonium neutralization index J (111&#160;%) indicated an excess of NH4+ leading to mostly alkaline PM. High ammonia emissions from surrounding agricultural areas combined with large amounts of NOx from road traffic play a crucial role for SPF in M&#252;nster. Our results further indicate that replacing fossil-fuelled LDVs with electrical vehicles would greatly reduce the PN10 concentrations at this urban site.

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Mobile Road Traffic Management System Using Weighted Sensor

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) ◽

10.3991/ijim.v11i5.6745 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Solomon Adegbenro Akinboro ◽

Johnson A Adeyiga ◽

Adebayo Omotosho ◽

Akinwale O Akinwumi

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Management System ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Traffic Information ◽

Traffic Light ◽

Real Time Traffic ◽

Traffic Management System

Vehicular traffic is continuously increasing around the world, especially in urban areas, and the resulting congestion has become a major concern to automobile users. The popular static electric traffic light controlling system can no longer sufficiently manage the traffic volume in large cities where real time traffic control is paramount to deciding best route. The proposed mobile traffic management system provides users with traffic information on congested roads using weighted sensors. A prototype of the system was implemented using Java SE Development Kit 8 and Google map. The model was simulated and the performance was assessed using response time, delay and throughput. Results showed that, mobile devices are capable of assisting road users’ in faster decision making by providing real-time traffic information and recommending alternative routes.

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The Review of Vehicular Safety Enhancement Through Wireless Protocol

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology ◽

10.48175/ijarsct-2317 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 122-126

Author(s):

Dr. M. Sudha ◽

S. Usha ◽

Naveena M ◽

Nisha P ◽

Prabha R

Keyword(s):

Short Range ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Network Access ◽

Dense Area ◽

The Road ◽

Vehicle Communication ◽

Dedicated Short Range Communication ◽

Middle Range ◽

Energy Limitation ◽

Tesla Coil

Nowadays, Transportation is one of the primary and major needs of almost every human being that cannot be avoided. The road congested or road traffic are due to The increases in vehicles, which in turn results in road safety and increase accidents. In current society, there are many modern cars with tremendous features in it like, Mercedes, BMW, Audi, and Tesla and so on. Those cars are highly technical and even higher in price. Many people are not economical on buying those vehicles because the middle range vehicles are not capable of much attributes like, visualizing performance, driver safety and so on.., Anyway , the action of using something that is of highly mobile and energy limitation UVs for wireless communications also introduces many new provocation. Hence, we use Vehicle to Vehicle communication and vehicle to infrastructure communication are to reduce crashes. In addition to this, for an Electric unmanned vehicle we use Wireless charging to charge the vehicle with the help of the Tesla coil. In this system we use a (Dedicated short range communication) DSRC and Zigbee. Both DSRC and Zigbee are used for the communication between the vehicles within a certain range. Dedicated short range communication (DSRC) protocol is used for the network access since it reduces the delay in transmission time. Resentencing, there are research shows that using DSRC has a performance issue in a dense area or increased network load hence Zigbee is used along with DSRC since Zigbee perform well in dense area.

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3D Digital Twin of Intelligent Transportation System based on Road-Side Sensing

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2083 (3) ◽

pp. 032022

Author(s):

Yunpeng Guo ◽

Kai Zou ◽

Shengdong Chen ◽

Feng Yuan ◽

Fang Yu

Keyword(s):

Virtual World ◽

Intelligent Transportation System ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Intelligent Transportation ◽

Physical World ◽

Transportation System ◽

Traffic Information ◽

Digital Twin ◽

Twin System ◽

Infrastructure System

Abstract Cooperative vehicle-infrastructure is one of the most import developing direction of future intelligent transportation system, while digital twin system can record, reproduce, and even deduce the physical system, which could be helpful for the development of cooperative vehicle-infrastructure. In this study, we proposed a 3D digital twin platform of intelligent transportation system based on road-side sensing, a core component of cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system. This platform consists of real road-side sensing unit,3D virtual environment, and the ROS bridge between them, by receiving the sensing results of physical world in real-time, the virtual world can reproduce the compatible road traffic information, such as the type,3D position and orientation of traffic participants.

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Cooperative Adaptive Driving for Platooning Autonomous Self Driving Based on Edge Computing

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science ◽

10.2478/amcs-2019-0016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 213-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ben-Jye Chang ◽

Ren-Hung Hwang ◽

Yueh-Lin Tsai ◽

Bo-Han Yu ◽

Ying-Hsin Liang

Keyword(s):

Shock Waves ◽

Traffic Flow ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Edge Computing ◽

Traffic Information ◽

Velocity Variation ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Cruise Control ◽

Safe Driving ◽

Butterfly Effect

Abstract Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) for human and autonomous self-driving aims to achieve active safe driving that avoids vehicle accidents or traffic jam by exchanging the road traffic information (e.g., traffic flow, traffic density, velocity variation, etc.) among neighbor vehicles. However, in CACC, the butterfly effect is encountered while exhibiting asynchronous brakes that easily lead to backward shock-waves and are difficult to remove. Several critical issues should be addressed in CACC, including (i) difficulties with adaptive steering of the inter-vehicle distances among neighbor vehicles and the vehicle speed, (ii) the butterfly effect, (iii) unstable vehicle traffic flow, etc. To address the above issues in CACC, this paper proposes the mobile edge computing-based vehicular cloud of the cooperative adaptive driving (CAD) approach to avoid shock-waves efficiently in platoon driving. Numerical results demonstrate that the CAD approach outperforms the compared techniques in the number of shock-waves, average vehicle velocity, average travel time and time to collision (TTC). Additionally, the adaptive platoon length is determined according to the traffic information gathered from the global and local clouds.

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Black Hole Attacks on MANETs: Analysis and Prevention

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.c3341.0211322 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Arudra Annepu ◽

◽

Priti Mishra ◽

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Wireless Network ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Research Work ◽

Network Simulator ◽

Radio Waves ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Data Packets ◽

Reactive Routing ◽

Wireless Medium

Wireless network technically, refers to the category of network in which communication is carried out without using wires. In modern era wireless network has great importance because the communication is taking place with the use of radio waves. Thus, the use of ad-hoc network starts yielding a great importance in variety of applications. The certain research work is carried out in this particular field. MANET is a constructed from various mobility in the form of mobile nodes and anytime without any need of fixed infrastructure. MANET can be made on fly due to lack of fixed infrastructure. MANET is numerous threats types of attacks due to dynamic changing topologies and wireless medium. Security of the MANET becomes one of the challenging tasks. Black hole attacks is the main type of attack that are possible in MANET. Black hole node not forward any data packets to the neighbour node instead it drops all the data packets. Black hole attacks are bit hard to detect due to lack of centralized access. This research work concentrates to enhance the security of MANET by identifying and blocking black hole assaults from occurring. A reactive routing system such as Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector has previously been used to address security problems in the MANET (AODV). Various attack types were investigated, and the consequences of these assaults were detailed by describing how MANET performance was disrupted. Network Simulator 3 (NS3) is used for the simulation process.

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Overview of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and Its Applications

Journal of Mobile Multimedia ◽

10.13052/jmm1550-4646.17134 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Purnendu S M Tripathi ◽

Ambuj Kumar ◽

Ashok Chandra

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Radio Frequency ◽

Transport System ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Traffic Information ◽

Intelligent Transport System ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

Intelligent Transport

Since last decades world, predominantly urban areas, is experiencing huge voluminous road traffic growth, resulting in heavy congestion, air pollution, accidents, and poor efficiency. Many people every day are the victims of this poor management of tremendous traffic. Since many years, there had been some automation in managing the traffic namely Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), Electronic parking payment, normal traffic information etc. However, there are little efforts for making the system more advanced. Recently, several kinds of research are being launched by many countries to develop Intelligent Transport System (ITS), with the objectives to minimize congestion, ensure better safety, reduce air pollution etc. ITS are planned to establish robust communication between vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to pedestrian (V2P), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle to network (V2N). Initially, for communication links ITS, deploys Wi-Fi network, but because of limited capacity and huge requirement, some links use 5.8 GHz radio frequency for such purposes. IEEE, International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and other advanced research organisations are studying 700 MHz band and mm frequency bands for advanced ITS. ITS is poised to use Information & Communication Technology (ICT) networks for such purposes. ITU has established Study Groups/study questions for addressing ITS issues. The World Radio Conference (WRC-2019) has made a Recommendation 208 regarding harmonization of frequency bands for ITS applications. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of ITS, its applications and analysis etc. The radio frequency spectrum aspects and role of 5 G in ITS are also described in detail.

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