scholarly journals Formal Analysis and Verification of Airborne Software Based on DO-333

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Zongyu Cao ◽  
Wanyou Lv ◽  
Yanhong Huang ◽  
Jianqi Shi ◽  
Qin Li
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Catastrophic Loss ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
General Guide ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Software Lifecycle

With rapid technological advances in airborne control systems, it has become imperative to ensure the reliability, robustness, and adaptability of airborne software since failure of these software could result in catastrophic loss of property and life. DO-333 is a supplement to the DO-178C standard, which is dedicated to guiding the application of formal methods in the review and analysis of airborne software development processes. However, DO-333 lacks theoretical guidance on how to choose appropriate formal methods and tools to achieve verification objectives at each stage of the verification process, thereby limiting their practical application. This paper is intended to illustrate the formal methods and tools available in the verification process to lay down a general guide for the formal development and verification of airborne software. We utilized the Air Data Computer (ADC) software as the research object and applied different formal methods to verify software lifecycle artifacts. This example explains how to apply formal methods in practical applications and proves the effectiveness of formal methods in the verification of airborne software.

Formal Approaches to Systems Analysis Using UML

2002 ◽  
pp. 324-341
Author(s):  
Jonathan Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Software Lifecycle ◽  
Modeling Level

Formal methods, whereby a system is described and/or analyzed using precise mathematical techniques, is a well-established and yet, under-used approach for developing software systems. One of the reasons for this is that project deadlines often impose an unsatisfactory development strategy in which code is produced on an ad hoc basis without proper thought about the requirements and design of the piece of software in mind. The result is a large, often poorly documented and un-modular monolith of code that does not lend itself to formal analysis. Because of their complexity, formal methods work best when code is well structured, e.g., when they are applied at the modeling level. UML is a modeling language that is easily learned by system developers and, more importantly, an industry standard, which supports communication between the various project stakeholders. The increased popularity of UML provides a real opportunity for formal methods to be used on a daily basis within the software lifecycle. Unfortunately, the lack of precision of UML means that many formal techniques cannot be applied directly. If formal methods are to be given the place they deserve within UML, a more precise description of UML must be developed. This chapter surveys recent attempts to provide such a description, as well as techniques for analyzing UML models formally.

scholarly journals Balancing the formal and the informal in user-centred design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Harrison ◽  
Paolo Masci ◽  
José Creissac Campos
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
User Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
User Centred Design ◽  
Early Design Stages ◽  
Cooperative Evaluation

Abstract This paper explores the role of formal methods as part of the user-centred design of interactive systems. An iterative process is described, developing prototypes incrementally, proving user-centred requirements while at the same time evaluating the prototypes that are executable forms of the developed models using ‘traditional’ techniques for user evaluation. A formal analysis complements user evaluations. This approach enriches user-centred design that typically focuses understanding on context and producing sketch designs. These sketches are often non-functional (e.g. paper) prototypes. They provide a means of exploring candidate design possibilities using techniques such as cooperative evaluation. This paper describes a further step in the process using formal analysis techniques. The use of formal methods provides a systematic approach to checking plausibility and consistency during early design stages, while at the same time enabling the generation of executable prototypes. The technique is illustrated through an example based on a pill dispenser.

scholarly journals Combining Cultural Anthropology and Gerontology

GeroPsych ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Depner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
And Migration

Abstract. One of the central objectives of gerontology is to provide categories and criteria for practical application. In contrast, cultural anthropology describes and interprets processes observed in various practical contexts but does not aim to create practical applications. For concepts such as “culture,” this discrepancy in goals might be the source of misunderstandings and even conflicting definitions. Bringing together the perspectives of both disciplines on culture, this paper illustrates the pitfalls of an understanding of culture grounded in geographical origins. It focuses on the situation in Germany and thereby addresses a universal problem using certain conceptions of culture in the context of aging and migration. In conclusion, it presents alternative approaches, while also addressing methodological issues.

scholarly journals The potential for ambulation by severely handicapped cerebral palsy patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stallard ◽  
R. E. Major ◽  
S. E. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severely Handicapped

Whereas walking for paraplegic patients is now a routine clinical option, ambulation for heavily handicapped cerebral palsy patients is less well established. There are good reasons for supposing that therapeutic benefits similar to that achieved with paraplegic patients are possible for this group. However, the biomechanical problems which must be overcome are different and in many ways more difficult to address. The most important factors are identified as appropriate truncal support, control of abduction/adduction, rotation and flexion range at the hip, and of knee flexion. A means of applying these controls is described as being a combination of a walking frame and orthosis. The special walking frame provides adjustable support at thoracic, abdominal and sacral levels and incorporates castor steering and upper limb support. Controls on lower limb movements are applied through a special orthosis which has a readily available variation of specification to accommodate the wide range of conditions met in cerebral palsy. Practical application of a prototype system has shown that it can enable patients to walk unaided. However, in most cases it was used indoors only. Evaluation of the experience in applying the system has enabled the fundamental principles to permit more practical applications to be defined.

Implementation of FCAUP – a framework for conformity assessment inspired by the uncertainty principle

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Francisco de Moraes ◽  
Messias Borges Silva ◽  
Rapinder Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pilot Implementation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the first practical applications of FCAUP (Framework for Conformity Assessment inspired by the Uncertainty Principle) carried out using a pilot implementation in a boat trailer manufacturer company in Maryville, Tennessee, USA and a practical application in a metrology company in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.Design/methodology/approachField studies have been conducted in two different companies: a pilot implementation during the preparation activities of the acceptance inspection of finished products and a practical application during the internal audit related to the quality management system.Findings(1) partial double inspection is advantageous in conformity assessment; (2) a structured procedure tends to reduce the risks arising from the use of partial double inspection; (3) the recommended amount of double inspections is directly proportional to the uncertainty involved in the process and it is inversely proportional to the degree of trust in a presumed conformity status.Research limitations/implicationsThis novel framework is for practitioners in manufacturing industries and test laboratories.Practical implicationsThe results of these practical applications suggest that FCAUP is a consistent approach to be used in several categories of conformity assessment in manufacturing industries and test laboratories due to the balance between result and time (cost).Originality/valueThis new framework, named FCAUP, for planning and executing conformity assessment activities has been introduced in a theoretical study published by Moraes and Silva (2018) and it is based on an analogy with the Uncertainty Principle of Quantum Mechanics.

The thermal conductivity of polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels and xerogels with varied pore sizes for practical application as thermal superinsulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 6525-6531 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hayase ◽  
K. Kugimiya ◽  
M. Ogawa ◽  
Y. Kodera ◽  
K. Kanamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the thermal conductivity, gas pressure and pore size of polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels and xerogels has been investigated for practical applications.

A colorimetric chemosensor for sulfide in a near-perfect aqueous solution: practical application using a test kit

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (88) ◽  
pp. 85091-85099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Youl Lee ◽  
Cheal Kim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Colorimetric Chemosensor ◽  
Test Kit

A selective chemosensor with practical applications was developed for the colorimetric detection of S2− in a near-perfect aqueous solution.

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