scholarly journals Bio-Crude Production through Aqueous Phase Recycling of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sewage Sludge

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz A. Shah ◽  
Saqib S. Toor ◽  
Tahir H. Seehar ◽  
Rasmus S. Nielsen ◽  
Asbjørn H. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for the production of bio-crude. However, some unresolved issues still exist within HTL, which need to be resolved before its promotion on a commercial scale. The management of the aqueous phase is one of the leading challenges related to HTL. In this study, the sewage sludge has been liquefied at 350 °C with and without catalyst (K2CO3). Subsequently, aqueous phase recycling was applied to investigate the effect of recycling on bio-crude properties. Obtained results showed that the energy recovery in the form of bio-crude increased by 50% via aqueous phase recirculation, whereas nitrogen content in the bio-crude was approximately doubled after eight rounds of recycling. GCMS characterization of the aqueous phase indicated acetic acid as a major water-soluble compound, which employed as a catalyst (0.56 M), and resulted in a negligible increase in bio-crude yield. ICP-AES highlighted that the majority of the inorganics were transferred to the solid phase, while the higher accumulation of potassium and sodium was found in the aqueous phase via successive rounds of recycling.

scholarly journals Bio-Crude Production through Recycling of Pretreated Aqueous Phase via Activated Carbon

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3488
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ali Shah ◽  
Saqib Sohail Toor ◽  
Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen ◽  
Thomas Helmer Pedersen ◽  
Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Small Chain

The management and optimization of the aqueous phase are the major challenges that hinder the promotion of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) technology on a commercial scale. Recently, many studies reported about the accumulation of the N-content in the bio-crude with continuous recycling of the aqueous phase from high protein-containing biomass. In the present study, sewage sludge was processed at 350 °C in an autoclave. The produced aqueous phase was treated with activated carbon, and its subsequent recycling effect on the properties of the bio-crude and aqueous phase was investigated. By contacting the aqueous phase with activated carbon, 38–43% of the total nitrogen was removed from the aqueous phase. After applying the treated aqueous phase recycling, the energy recovery of the bio-crude increased from 50 to 61% after three rounds of recycling. From overall carbon/nitrogen recoveries, 50 to 56% of the carbon was transferred to the bio-crude phase and more than 50% of the nitrogen remained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase contained mostly of N&O-heterocyclic compounds, small chain organic acids, and amides. ICP-AES analysis showed that more than 80% of the inorganic elements were concentrated into the solid phase.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIMPLISIA TEH HITAM DARI TANAMAN Camelia sinensis Var. assamica DARI PERKEBUNAN TEH BALI CAHAYA AMERTA, DESA ANGSERI, KECAMATAN BATURITI, KABUPATEN TABANAN, BALI

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
N. L.P.V. Paramita ◽  
N. M. D. Andani ◽  
I. A. P. Y. Putri ◽  
N. K. S. Indriyani ◽  
N. M. P. Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Characterization Test ◽  
High Degree

Black tea is a type of tea in such a way the polyphenols undergo a high degree of oxidation. The characteristics of simplicia are strongly influenced by the environment. In order to use a simplicia as an active ingredient, characterization test are required for maintaining the quality and safety. This study aimed to find out the characteristic of black tea simplicia from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) which were taken from Bali Cahaya Amerta Tea Plantation, Angseri Village, Baturiti Sub-district, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The characterization of the simplicia was done based on standard parameters of tea plant in Farmakope Herbal Indonesia including macroscopic test, microscopic test, the loss on drying, the contents of water soluble compound, ethanol soluble compound, total ash, acid insoluble ash, total phenol and the identification of cathecin. The results showed that black tea simplicia elongated shaped with blackish brown, odorless, tasteless, and there were fragments identifier such as sclerenkim fibers, epidermis with stomata, macrosklerida, leaf mesophyll with vascular tissue, and rosette calcium oxalate crystals. The result of the compounds content that dissolve in water was 31.84% ± 0.6446%, compounds content that dissolve in ethanol was 16.64% ± 0.414%, the loss on drying was 5.19% ± 0.0902%, total ash content was 4.67% ± 0.0392%, ash content that was insoluble in acid was 0.19% ± 0.0025%, and the total fenol content was 0.9733% ± 0.0189%. From the results, the black tea simplicia fulfills the requirements of simplicia characteristic based on Farmakope Herbal Indonesia parameter.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE USTILAGINALES: XII. CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRACELLULAR GLYCOLIPIDS PRODUCED BY USTILAGO SP.

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boothroyd ◽  
J. A. Thorn ◽  
R. H. Haskins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound

A water-soluble compound formed by Ustilago sp. (PRL 627) in aerobic, submerged culture has been identified as D-mannopyranosyl-1-meso-erythritol. The extracellular "oil" produced at the same time by this fungus contains D-mannose, meso-erythritol, acetic acid, and a number of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, probably as a mixture of D-mannosido-meso-erythritol residues to which the various acids are joined by ester linkages.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE USTILAGINALES: XII. CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRACELLULAR GLYCOLIPIDS PRODUCED BY USTILAGO SP.

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boothroyd ◽  
J. A. Thorn ◽  
R. H. Haskins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound

A water-soluble compound formed by Ustilago sp. (PRL 627) in aerobic, submerged culture has been identified as D-mannopyranosyl-1-meso-erythritol. The extracellular "oil" produced at the same time by this fungus contains D-mannose, meso-erythritol, acetic acid, and a number of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, probably as a mixture of D-mannosido-meso-erythritol residues to which the various acids are joined by ester linkages.

Synthesis of propylene glycol phospholipids: analogues of α-lecithins and α-cephalins

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Baer ◽  
Angus J. Duke ◽  
Dmytro Buchnea
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Asymmetric Center ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Dipalmitoyl Lecithin

The synthesis of phospholipids derived from propylene glycol, structurally the least complex polyhydric alcohol to possess an asymmetric center, is described. Representatives of two types of propylene glycol phospholipids were prepared. They are analogues of α-(dipalmitoyl)lecithin and α-(dipalmitoyl)cephalin, and were obtained from D-propylene glycol via the following two series of intermediates: (A) α-trityl D-propylene glycol (I) → α-trityl, β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol (II) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol (III) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-(phenyl)phosphorylcholine chloride (IV) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylcholine (V); and (B) I → II → III → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-(phenyl)phosphoryl-N-carbobenzoxyethanolamine (VI) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylethanolamine (VII). The palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylcholine, a highly water-soluble compound, possesses strong hemolytic activity, whereas the palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylethanolamine has no hemolytic properties whatsoever.

Darstellung von Peroxotantalaten durch Perhydrolyse von Tantal(V)-äthanolat / Preparation of Peroxotantalates by Perhydrolysis of Tantalum(V)ethoxide

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fuchs ◽  
D. Lubkoll
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
First Time

Tetraperoxotantalates with organic cations as well as an oligomeric peroxopolytantalate were prepared for the first time by perhydrolysis of tantalum(V)ethoxide, Ta(OC2H5)5, in the presence of bases. Guanidinium, tert-butylammonium and cyclohexylammonium salts of tetraperoxotantalic acid crystallize from ethanol as relatively stable compounds. The cell constants of these compounds are determined. By perhydrolysis of the ester in petroleum ether the tert-butylammonium salt of a peroxododecantalic acid was obtained. The molecular mass of this water soluble compound was determined with the ultracentrifuge.

Sustained release of a model water-soluble compound via dry powder aerosolizable acetalated dextran microparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1133-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan K. Shah ◽  
Zimeng Wang ◽  
Sweta K. Gupta ◽  
Andrew Le Campion ◽  
Samantha A. Meenach
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Model Water
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