scholarly journals Improved Energy Management in an Intermittently Heated Building Using a Large Broiler House in Central Europe as an Example

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Nawalany ◽  
Paweł Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Building Physics ◽  
Broiler House

This paper deals with the problem of rational energy management in an intermittently heated broiler house. The aim was to evaluate the energy amount necessary to heat up the building floor for the production cycle, preceded by a technological interruption of varying length. The scope of studies included the indoor and outdoor air temperature measurements and the soil temperature measurements under the building floor. The results of field tests allowed computer simulations to be carried out in the WUFIplussoftware (Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, Holzkirchen Branch, Germany). The variant analysis was preceded by the validation of the calculation model whose results showed a strong correlation of theoretical data with actual results. The winter breeding cycle was analyzed in detail. The detailed soil and air temperature curves are presented graphically. The results allow a conclusion that the length of the technological interruption has a significant impact on the amount of energy in the first days of the broiler breeding. The extension of the technological interruption by seven days increases the amount of heating energy in the first day of the cycle by 24%. The extension of the technological interruption causes also the need for a longer floor heating in the first day of the cycle.

Soil and air temperatures during prescribed cerated fires in Central Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Miranda ◽  
Heloisa Sinátora Miranda ◽  
Inês de Fátima Oliveira Dias ◽  
Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Type K ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Recorded Data

ABSTRACTAir and soil temperatures were measured during dry season heading fires in three different physiognomic forms of native vegetation common in Central Brazil: cerrado sensu stricto (dense scrub of shrubs and trees), campo cerrado (open scrub), and campo sujo (open grassland with scattered shrubs). The vegetation was protected from fire for 15 y in some areas, had been burned once every two years, and once each year in other areas. The temperatures were measured with type-k thermocouples and recorded at intervals of 22.5 sees. Air temperature measurements were taken at 1, 60 and 160 cm. Maximum air temperatures ranged from 85°C to 840°C, and the duration above 60°C varied from 20 to 270 seconds. In the soil, negligible temperature increases were recorded below 5 cm depth, whereas at 2 cm maximum soil temperatures varied from 29 to 38°C. Possible influences of fuel load and moisture on the recorded data and on the behaviour of fire in the cerrado ecosystems are discussed.

scholarly journals Verification of compressibility and consolidation parameters of varved clays from Radzymin (Central Poland) based on direct observations of settlements of road embankment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 911-924
Author(s):  
Paweł Dobak ◽  
Kamil Kiełbasiński ◽  
Tomasz Szczepański ◽  
Piotr Zawrzykraj
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Consolidation Parameters ◽  
Increasing Load

Abstract Formation of varved clays is characterized by specific compressibility and consolidation features, which are difficult to assess. The construction of an expressway through the area of varved, glacilimnic sediments (Vistula glacial period) required careful analysis of the soil reaction to the increasing load caused by growing embankment. The settlement analyses conducted in relation to the schedule of load increase during construction allowed to verify the deformability assessment of the compressible clays. In order to quantify the compressibility and consolidation parameters of clays, an iterative calculation model was created. The method of the “inverse solution” was used to define optimized values of deformability parameters. The observed delayed reaction of the soil to applied load allowed to assess the nature of consolidation. Comparison of the parameters obtained from the model with the results of laboratory and field tests allowed to evaluate drainage characteristics during consolidation of varved clays as well as to introduce correlation coefficients for interpreting compressibility parameters on the basis of CPT tests.

Cooling Process of Die Steel during On-Line Pre-Hardening

2012 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Dong Mei Zhu ◽  
Guo Yong Liu ◽  
Shao Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
On Line ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

Pre-hardening plastic die steel can be directly processed into the mold, and it doesnt need quenching and tempering again, which avoids quenching deformation and ensures the size precision of the mold. On-line quenching of die steel can shorten the production cycle, and it has the advantage of energy saving. In the paper, a new on-line quenching device was introduced, and the temperature field calculation model of 3Cr2NiMo die steel was established. The cooling technology of three typical thickness steel plates was studied. The results provided the theoretical basis for die steel production.

scholarly journals Epidemiology ofCampylobacterspp. at two Dutch broiler farms

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Jacobs-Reitsma ◽  
A. W. Van de Giessen ◽  
N. M. Bolder ◽  
R. W. A. W. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Broiler Flock ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Darkling Beetles ◽  
Fresh Litter ◽  
Broiler House

SUMMARYBroiler flocks on two Dutch poultry farms were screened weekly for the presence of Campylobacter in fresh caecal droppings during eight consecutive production cycles. Hatchery and fresh litter samples were taken at the start of each new cycle. Water, feed, insects, and faeces of domestic animals, present on the farms were also included in the sampling. Penner seretyping of isolates was used to identify epidemiological factors that contribute to Campylobacter colonization in the broiler flocks. Generally, broiler flocks became colonized with Campylobacter at about 3–4 weeks of age with isolation percentages of 100%, and stayed colonized up to slaughter. A similar pattern of serotypes was found within the various broiler houses on one farm during one production cycle. New flocks generally showed also a new pattern of serotypes. Most serotypes isolated from the laying hens, pigs, sheep and cattle were different from those isolated from the broilers at the same time. Campylobacter serotypes from darkling beetles inside the broiler houses were identical to the ones isolated from the broilers. No Campylobacter was isolated from any of the hatchery, water, feed or fresh litter samples. Conclusive evidence of transmission routes was not found, but results certainly point towards horizontal transmission from the environment. Horizontal transmission from one broiler flock to the next one via a persistent contamination within the broiler house, as well as vertical transmission from breeder flocks via the hatchery to progeny, did not seem to be very likely.

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