scholarly journals Verification of compressibility and consolidation parameters of varved clays from Radzymin (Central Poland) based on direct observations of settlements of road embankment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 911-924
Author(s):  
Paweł Dobak ◽  
Kamil Kiełbasiński ◽  
Tomasz Szczepański ◽  
Piotr Zawrzykraj
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Consolidation Parameters ◽  
Increasing Load

Abstract Formation of varved clays is characterized by specific compressibility and consolidation features, which are difficult to assess. The construction of an expressway through the area of varved, glacilimnic sediments (Vistula glacial period) required careful analysis of the soil reaction to the increasing load caused by growing embankment. The settlement analyses conducted in relation to the schedule of load increase during construction allowed to verify the deformability assessment of the compressible clays. In order to quantify the compressibility and consolidation parameters of clays, an iterative calculation model was created. The method of the “inverse solution” was used to define optimized values of deformability parameters. The observed delayed reaction of the soil to applied load allowed to assess the nature of consolidation. Comparison of the parameters obtained from the model with the results of laboratory and field tests allowed to evaluate drainage characteristics during consolidation of varved clays as well as to introduce correlation coefficients for interpreting compressibility parameters on the basis of CPT tests.

The Reliability and Convergent Validity of Field Tests of Body Composition in Young Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (s2) ◽  
pp. S67-S77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ihmels ◽  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
James J. McClain ◽  
Jodee Schaben
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Classification Agreement

Background:Advances in BIA offer practical alternative approaches to assessing body composition in young adolescents and have not been studied for comparability.Methods:This study compared reliability and convergent validity of three field tests (2-site skinfold, Omron and Tanita BIA devices) on young adolescents. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients, convergent validity was examined by computing correlations among the three estimates, differences in estimated body fat values were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA, and classification agreement was computed for achieving FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone.Results:ICC values of all three measures exceeded .97. Correlations ranged from .74 to .81 for males and .79 to .91 for females. Classification agreement values ranged from 82.8% to 92.6%.Conclusions:Results suggest general agreement among the selected methods of body composition assessments in both boys and girls with the exception that percent body fat in boys by Tanita BIA is significantly lower than skinfold estimation.

scholarly journals Calculation model and bearing capacity optimization method for the soil settlement between piles in geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments based on the membrane effect

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256190
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Aobo Zhang ◽  
Jiangping Xu ◽  
Cuiying Zhou ◽  
Lihai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Pile Spacing ◽  
Membrane Effect

The geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment (GRPSE) system has been widely used in road construction on soft soil. However, the application of the GRPSE system is often restricted by its high-cost. The reason is that they are designed for bearing control as defined in the past. During the construction process, the pile spacing is reduced to meet the requirements for the embankment bearing capacity and settlement. These factors cause the membrane effect to not be exploited. As a result, the utilization efficiency of the bearing capacity of the soil between the piles is low and the project cost is high. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of insufficient bearing capacity of soil between piles, we established a settlement calculation model of soil between piles based on membrane effect. The model considers the relationship between the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR) and the pile spacing. Based on the obtained model, a method for optimizing the soil bearing capacity of GRPSEs is proposed. By controlling the settlement of soil between piles, the bearing capacity of soil between piles and the membrane effect of embankment can be fully utilized. Therefore, the project cost can be reduced. Finally, the method is applied to field tests for comparison. The results show that the method is reasonable and applicable. This method can effectively exploit the membrane effect and improve the utilization efficiency of the bearing capacity of the soil between piles. An economical and reasonable arrangement scheme for the piles and GR was obtained. This scheme can not only ensure the safety of the project, but also fully utilize the bearing capacity of the soil between the piles and provide a new method for engineering design.

scholarly journals Optical design challenges of subnivean camera trapping under extreme Arctic conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Pusenkova ◽  
Mathilde Poirier ◽  
Davood Kalhor ◽  
Tigran Galstian ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Design ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Arctic Conditions

Camera trapping is widely used in different ecological studies and is particularly important for remote locations and extreme environments. However, the application of camera traps in Arctic regions remains very limited. One of the challenges is the formation of hoar on the lens of cameras. In this article, we propose a solution to address this problem by changing the camera parameters and its position in order to optimize the camera trap for long-term subnivean deployment in the Canadian Arctic. Preliminary field tests show that this approach allows tracking lemmings in the frozen environment without natural light or external electrical power supply, where the direct observations are impossible for the most part of the year. We obtained the first videos of lemmings under the snow during the Arctic winter. Extending the observational network of the newly designed camera traps will help to better understand lemming population dynamics. The demonstrated approach is also promising for other polar applications.

scholarly journals The statistical studies of the inner boundary of plasma sheet

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Cao ◽  
W. Z. Ding ◽  
H. Reme ◽  
I. Dandouras ◽  
M. Dunlop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Geosynchronous Orbit ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Night Side ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. The penetration of plasma sheet ions into the inner magnetosphere is very important to the inner magnetospheric dynamics since plasma sheet ions are one of the major particle sources of ring current during storm times. However, the direct observations of the inner boundary of the plasma sheet are fairly rare due to the limited number of satellites in near equatorial orbits outside 6.6 RE. In this paper, we used the ion data recorded by TC-1 from 2004 to 2006 to study the distribution of inner boundary of ion plasma sheet (IBIPS) and for the first time show the observational distribution of IBIPS in the equatorial plane. The IBIPS has a dawn-dusk asymmetry, being farthest to the Earth in the 06:00 08:00 LT bin and closest to the Earth in the 18:00–20:00 LT bin. Besides, the IBIPS has also a day-night asymmetry, which may be due to the fact that the ions on the dayside are exposed more time to loss mechanisms on their drift paths. The radial distance of IBIPS decrease generally with the increase of Kp index. The mean radial distance of IBIPS is basically larger than 6.6 RE during quiet times and smaller than 6.6 RE during active times. When the strength of convection electric field increases, the inward shift of IBIPS is most significant on the night side (22:00–02:00 LT). For Kp ≤ 0+, only 16% of IBIPSs penetrate inside the geosynchronous orbit. For 2 ≤ Kp < 3+, however, 70% of IBIPSs penetrate inside the geosynchronous orbit. The IBIPS has weak correlations with the AE and Dst indexes. The average correlation coefficient between Ri and Kp is −0.58 while the correlation coefficient between Ri and AE/Dst is only −0.29/0.17. The correlation coefficients are local time dependent. Particularly, Ri and Kp are highly correlated (r=−0.72) in the night sector, meaning that the radial distance of IBIPS Ri in the night sector has the good response to the Kp index These observations indicate that Kp plays a key role in determining the position of IBIPS.

Experimental uncertainties of three-dimensional pair distribution function investigations exemplified on the diffuse scattering from a tris-tert-butyl-1,3,5-benzene tricarboxamide single crystal

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Simonov ◽  
Thomas Weber ◽  
Walter Steurer
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Pair Distribution Function ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
The Impact

Diffuse scattering from a substitutionally disordered tris-tert-butyl-1,3,5-benzene tricarboxamide single crystal is analyzed with the three-dimensional difference pair distribution function (3D-ΔPDF) method. The real structure of the crystal is shown to consist of infinite polar molecular stacks along thecaxis, which are laterally packed in a hexagonal fashion. The orientation of the stacks is disordered, but neighboring stacks strongly prefer antiparallel arrangements. Quantitative orientational pair correlation coefficients are determined for all lateral pairs separated by less than 100 Å. A careful analysis of the factors influencing the accuracy of the 3D-ΔPDF refinement is presented. It is shown that the effect of statistical errors is small compared to systematic errors coming from diffraction geometry distortions, reciprocal space resolution or incompletely corrected background. Various strategies for identifying and decreasing systematic errors are discussed. The impact of the systematic errors on the uncertainty of the results is not just specific for 3D-ΔPDF investigations but also relevant for other quantitative diffuse scattering modeling techniques.

scholarly journals Improved Energy Management in an Intermittently Heated Building Using a Large Broiler House in Central Europe as an Example

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Nawalany ◽  
Paweł Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Building Physics ◽  
Broiler House

This paper deals with the problem of rational energy management in an intermittently heated broiler house. The aim was to evaluate the energy amount necessary to heat up the building floor for the production cycle, preceded by a technological interruption of varying length. The scope of studies included the indoor and outdoor air temperature measurements and the soil temperature measurements under the building floor. The results of field tests allowed computer simulations to be carried out in the WUFIplussoftware (Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, Holzkirchen Branch, Germany). The variant analysis was preceded by the validation of the calculation model whose results showed a strong correlation of theoretical data with actual results. The winter breeding cycle was analyzed in detail. The detailed soil and air temperature curves are presented graphically. The results allow a conclusion that the length of the technological interruption has a significant impact on the amount of energy in the first days of the broiler breeding. The extension of the technological interruption by seven days increases the amount of heating energy in the first day of the cycle by 24%. The extension of the technological interruption causes also the need for a longer floor heating in the first day of the cycle.

The Soil Reaction of Fields Growing Alfalfa and the use of Field Tests in its Determination 1

1927 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
P. E. Karraker ◽  
Ralph Kenney ◽  
H. F. McKenney
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Reaction

Loaded Vertical Jumping: Force–Velocity Relationship, Work, and Power

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Feeney ◽  
Steven J. Stanhope ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski ◽  
Anthony Machi ◽  
Slobodan Jaric
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Multijoint Movements ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Work Done

The aims of the current study were to explore the pattern of the force–velocity (F–V) relationship of leg muscles, evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of the obtained parameters, and explore the load associated changes in the muscle work and power output. Subjects performed maximum vertical countermovement jumps with a vest ranging 0–40% of their body mass. The ground reaction force and leg joint kinematics and kinetics were recorded. The data revealed a strong and approximately linear F–V relationship (individual correlation coefficients ranged from 0.78–0.93). The relationship slopes, F- and V-intercepts, and the calculated power were moderately to highly reliable (0.67 < ICC < 0.91), while the concurrent validity F- and V-intercepts, and power with respect to the directly measured values, was (on average) moderate. Despite that a load increase was associated with a decrease in both the countermovement depth and absolute power, the absolute work done increased, as well as the relative contribution of the knee work. The obtained findings generally suggest that the loaded vertical jumps could not only be developed into a routine method for testing the capacities of leg muscles, but also reveal the mechanisms of adaptation of multijoint movements to different loading conditions.

STUDIES OF TILLETIA CONTRAVERSA, THE CAUSE OF DWARF BUNT OF WINTER WHEAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Maximum Development ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

The occurrence and distribution of dwarf bunt of winter wheat in Ontario since 1952 is noted. While the severity of the disease has not been great, indications are that it is present in most areas of the province where winter wheat is produced in quantity and thus is of concern particularly to growers of seed wheat.The germination of T. contraversa was studied with a view to determining the prerequisites for infection, and the development of dwarf bunt. Chlamydospores incubated on water agar and on ordinary soil at controlled temperatures between 0° and 15 °C. germinated only after incubation for 3 to 4 weeks at relatively low temperature, and required almost 8 weeks to reach a maximum of over 50% of the spores germinated.The germination process to the end point of sporidium development was dependent on light and a temperature about 5 °C. for maximum development. A slightly acid soil reaction favored spore germination, but soil moisture was a more critical factor.In field tests, a correlation was also shown to exist between temperature, light, and soil moisture, and the severity of dwarf bunt infection resulting in winter wheat seeded on infested soil. In continuing tests, chlamydospores have survived 3 years on the surface of soil with very little loss of viability.

scholarly journals Global Asymptotic Stability in a Class of Reaction-Diffusion Equations with Time Delay

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueding Yuan ◽  
Zhiming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Stability ◽  
Global Asymptotic Stability ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Neumann Boundary ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Fluctuation Method

We study a very general class of delayed reaction-diffusion equations in which the reaction term can be nonmonotone and spatially nonlocal. By using a fluctuation method, combined with the careful analysis of the corresponding characteristic equations, we obtain some sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the trivial solution and the positive steady state to the equations subject to the Neumann boundary condition.

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