scholarly journals Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Maedeh Rahnama Mobarakeh ◽  
Miguel Santos Silva ◽  
Thomas Kienberger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction

The pulp and paper (P&P) sector is a dynamic manufacturing industry and plays an essential role in the Austrian economy. However, the sector, which consumes about 20 TWh of final energy, is responsible for 7% of Austria’s industrial CO2 emissions. This study, intending to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in the Austrian context in the P&P sector, uses a bottom-up approach model. The model is applied to analyze the energy consumption (heat and electricity) and CO2 emissions in the main processes, related to the P&P production from virgin or recycled fibers. Afterward, technological options to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions for P&P production are investigated, and various low-carbon technologies are applied to the model. For each of the selected technologies, the potential of emission reduction and energy savings up to 2050 is estimated. Finally, a series of low-carbon technology-based scenarios are developed and evaluated. These scenarios’ content is based on the improvement potential associated with the various processes of different paper grades. The results reveal that the investigated technologies applied in the production process (chemical pulping and paper drying) have a minor impact on CO2 emission reduction (maximum 10% due to applying an impulse dryer). In contrast, steam supply electrification, by replacing fossil fuel boilers with direct heat supply (such as commercial electric boilers or heat pumps), enables reducing emissions by up to 75%. This means that the goal of 100% CO2 emission reduction by 2050 cannot be reached with one method alone. Consequently, a combination of technologies, particularly with the electrification of the steam supply, along with the use of carbon-free electricity generated by renewable energy, appears to be essential.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Coach Stations in China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3600
Author(s):  
Xuejing Zheng ◽  
Boxiao Xu ◽  
Shijun You ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Yaran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Annual Total

As a critical transportation infrastructure, with a high flow of people and high-energy consumption in China, coach stations have great potential in energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. In this paper, the building information and energy consumption data of 29 coach stations in five climate regions of China were obtained by field investigations. The annual total comprehensive building energy consumption was 31.37–128.08 kWh/(m2·a). The annual total CO2 emissions from building operation in the coach stations was 17.01–134.77 kgCO2/(m2·a). The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system was the largest energy using and CO2 emissions sector: 30.42–72.47% of the energy consumption and 30.42–83.93% of the CO2 emissions were generated by HVAC system. The energy consumption and CO2 emission level of coach stations and that of other kinds of public buildings were compared. Results showed that the energy consumption and CO2 emission levels of coach stations investigated were relatively low, mainly because the passenger thermal comfort was scarified. Based on the investigation data, energy consumption analysis models of coach stations in five regions were established by simulation when the passenger thermal comfort was met. The potentials of energy saving and CO2 emission reduction were studied from forms of the HVAC system, heat recovery and natural illumination.

scholarly journals The Regional Inequity of CO2 Emissions per Capita in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Wenqing Pan
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Per Capita

This paper combines Theil index method with factor decomposition technique to analyze China eight regions’ inequality of CO2 emissions per capita, and discuss energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, and per capita output’s impacts on inequality. This research shows that: (1) The trend of China regional carbon inequality is in the opposite direction to the per capita CO2 emission level. Namely, as the per capita CO2 emission levels rise, regional carbon inequality decreases, and vice versa. (2) Per capita output factor reduces regional carbon inequality, whereas energy structure factor and energy intensity factor increase the inequality. (3) More developed areas can reduce the carbon inequality by improving the energy structure, whereas the divergence of energy intensity in less developed areas has increased to expand the carbon inequity. Thus, when designing CO2 emission reduction targets, policy makers should consider regional differences in economic development level and energy efficiency, and refer to the main influencing factors. At the same time, upgrading industrial structure and upgrading energy technologies should be combined to meet the targets of economic growth and CO2 emission reduction.

scholarly journals Exploring Potential Pathways toward Energy-Related Carbon Emission Reduction in Heavy Industrial Regions of China: An Input–Output Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyao Peng ◽  
Yidi Sun ◽  
Junnian Song ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Co2 Emission Intensity

It is a very urgent issue to reduce energy-related carbon emissions in China. The three northeastern provinces (Heilongjiang (HLJ), Jilin (JL), and Liaoning (LN)) are typical heavy industrial regions in China, playing an important role in the national carbon emission reduction target. In this study, we analyzed the energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and CO2 emission intensity of each sector in the three regions, and we compared them with the national level and those of China’s most developed province Guangdong (GD). Then, based on an input–output (I–O) framework, linkage analysis of production and CO2 emission from sector–system and sector–sector dimensions was conducted. The results showed that the three regions accounted for about 1/10 of China’s energy consumption and 1/6 of China’s CO2 emissions in 2012. In addition, the level of energy structure, CO2 emission intensity, and sectoral structure lagged behind China’s average level, much lower than those for GD. According to the sectoral characteristics of each region and unified backward/forward linkages of production and CO2 emissions, we divided sectoral clusters into those whose development was to be encouraged and those whose development was to be restricted. The results of this paper could provide policy–makers with reference to exploring potential pathways toward energy-related carbon emission reduction in heavy industrial regions.

scholarly journals The effect of building retrofit measures on CO2 emissions reduction – A case study with U.S. Medium office buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingli Lou ◽  
Yizhi Yang ◽  
Yunyang Ye ◽  
Wangda Zuo ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Building Retrofit ◽  
Efficient Measure

Building retrofit has great potential to reduce CO2 emissions since buildings are responsible for 36% of emissions in the United States. Several existing studies have examined the effect of building retrofit measures on CO2 emission reduction. However, these studies oversimplified emission factors of electricity by adopting constant annual emission factors. This study uses hourly emission factors of electricity to analyze the effect of building retrofit measures on emission reduction using U.S. medium office buildings as an example. We analyzed CO2 emission reduction effects of eight building retrofit measures that related to envelop and mechanical system in five locations: Tampa, San Diego, Denver, Great Falls, and International Falls. The main findings are: (1) estimating CO2 emission reduction with constant emission factors overestimates the emission reduction for most measures in San Diego, while it underestimates the emission reduction for most measures in Denver and International Falls; (2) The same retrofit measure may have different effects in CO2 emission reduction depending on the climates. For instance, improving lighting efficiency and improving equipment efficiency have less impacts in emission reduction in cold climates than hot climates; and (3) The most energy efficient measure may not be the most emission efficient measure. For example, in Great Falls, the most energy efficient measure is improving equipment efficiency, but the most emission efficient measure is improving heating efficiency.

scholarly journals Can CO2 Emission Reduction and Economic Growth Be Compatible? Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Zhang ◽  
You-Hua Chen ◽  
Chien-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Aggregate Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

The influence of low-carbon energy on economic development is a vital issue. Using the provincial panel data in China from 2000 to 2017, this work investigated the aggregate effects of low-emission electricity. The results showed that 1) when the ratio of low-emission electricity to total electricity increases by 1%, the GDP per capita will increase by 0.16% and CO2 emissions will decrease by 0.848%. In other words, low-emission electricity can achieve the goal of low-carbon economic development; 2) the self-supply of low-emission electricity, rather than trade and efficiency, is the main reason for China’s boosted economic growth; and 3) low-emission electricity increases the regional economic gap in China. The effects of pollution inhibition and economic promotion on low-emission electricity in developed areas are significantly greater than those in less developed areas. Thus, the low-emission electricity policy in China should benefit the economy and avoid the excessive economic gap among regions. Policymakers should vigorously promote the low-emission electricity revolution and pay attention to the inclination of energy policy to the central and western regions.

Assessment and Optimization of the Low Carbon Benefits of the Technical Transformation Projects for Loss Reduction in Power Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 2070-2076
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yun Feng Li ◽  
Yun Hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential

In the context of low-carbon economy, this paper analyzes the necessity of technical transformation of the loss reduction in power networks. A low-energy-consumption benefit evaluation model was established for some technical transformation projects for loss reduction, so was a low-emission benefit evaluation model for loss reduction measures. Through field survey and statistical computation, the CO2 emission reduction potential of a selected power supply company, by adopting technical transformation for loss reduction, was comprehensively assessed. On this basis, the optimization of low-carbon technical transformations for loss reduction in plan and construction, operation and maintenance, and management and administration was put forward, in order to realize the mentioned CO2 emission reduction potential of the company.

scholarly journals Input–Output Analysis of China’s CO2 Emissions in 2017 Based on Data of 149 Sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4172
Author(s):  
Fan He ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Junping Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Emission Data

High-precision CO2 emission data by sector are of great significance for formulating CO2 emission reduction plans. This study decomposes low-precision energy consumption data from China into 149 sectors according to the high-precision input–output (I–O) table for 2017. An economic I–O life cycle assessment model, incorporating sensitivity analysis, is constructed to analyze the distribution characteristics of CO2 emissions among sectors. Considering production, the electricity/heat production and supply sector contributed the most (51.20%) to the total direct CO2 emissions. The top 10 sectors with the highest direct CO2 emissions accounted for > 80% of the total CO2 emissions. From a demand-based perspective, the top 13 sectors with the highest CO2 emissions emitted 5171.14 Mt CO2 (59.78% of the total), primarily as indirect emissions; in particular, the housing construction sector contributed 23.97% of the total. Based on these results, promoting decarbonization of the power industry and improving energy and raw material utilization efficiencies of other production sectors are the primary emission reduction measures. Compared with low-precision models, our model can improve the precision and accuracy of analysis results and more effectively guide the formulation of emission reduction policies.

Impacts of shifting China's final energy consumption to electricity on CO2 emission reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weigang Zhao ◽  
Yunfei Cao ◽  
Bo Miao ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Yi-Ming Wei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

scholarly journals A Calculation Model for CO2 Emission Reduction of Energy Internet: A Case Study of Yanqing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxia Yang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Dongyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Internet ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction

This paper takes the regional energy internet as the research object, and combines the power system, primary energy system, transportation system, and thermal energy system to give the system boundary. First, the mathematical decomposition method and the logical integration method were combined to decompose the total low-carbon capability into seven single low-carbon capabilities. On the basis of the mechanism of carbon emission reduction, a comprehensive calculation model for CO2 emissions reduction of the energy internet was then established. Finally, taking the Yanqing Energy Internet Demonstration Zone in China as an example, it was calculated that the model could reduce CO2 emissions by 14,093.19 tons in 2025. The results show that the methods adopted in this paper avoided the overlap calculation reasonably well; the comprehensive calculation model of CO2 emissions reduction has strong versatility, and can quantitatively calculate the carbon emission reduction amount for any completed or planned energy internet. Among the seven low-carbon capabilities, “replacement of gasoline with electricity” had the highest contribution rate, with a value of 42.62%, followed by “renewable energy substitution” (37.13%). The innovations in this paper include: (1) The problem of reasonable splitting of the overlapping parts in carbon emission reduction calculations being solved. (2) The first comprehensive calculation model of CO2 emission reduction on the energy internet being established. (3) The contribution of the seven low-carbon capabilities of the energy internet to total emissions reduction being clarified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document