scholarly journals Comparison of Efficient Ways of Mud Cake Removal from Casing Surface with Traditional and New Agents

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3653
Author(s):  
Marcin Kremieniewski ◽  
Rafał Wiśniowski ◽  
Stanisław Stryczek ◽  
Paweł Łopata
Keyword(s):  
Reference Sample ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Annular Space ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Rotor Surface ◽  
Cake Removal

The tightness of the casing-rock formation interface is one of the most important elements of drilling and cementing jobs. In the absence of the required tightness, there is a risk of gas migration directly to the ground, groundwater or atmosphere. In order to eliminate this type of uncontrollable and unfavorable gas flows, the casing column is sealed with cement slurry in the annular space or beyond casing. Cement slurry displaces mud present in the annular space, although the mud cake cannot be completely removed, which is required for obtaining proper binding of cement slurry with the casing surface and the surface of the drilled formation. Therefore, it is important to prepare the well and remove the mud cake from the annular space with spacer fluid. An occasional lack of wellbore tightness requires continuous improvement of the cementing technology. Accordingly, analyses are conducted on mud cake removal with modified or new spacer fluids. Properly designed fluid should efficiently clean the surface of the casing and of the rock mass. One of the basic measurements is the analysis of the efficiency of mud cake removal from the surface of a rotational viscometer. The efficiency of traditional and newly designed fluids for mud cake removal from the casing surface with new and traditional agents has been compared further in this paper. The methodology of mud cake removal with the use of a rotational viscometer was also presented. Tests were performed for various concentrations of agents already used for spacer fluids and for a group of new agents. The efficiency of annular space cleaning was determined on the basis of a comparison with the results obtained for the reference sample, i.e., water which was used for mud cake removal from the rotor surface. The analysis of the results of experiments created bases for the comparison of the efficiency of the analyzed spacer fluids and finding the most suitable ones for mud cake removal from casing columns.

scholarly journals Effect of Cleaning the Annular Space on the Adhesion of the Cement Sheath to the Rock

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5187
Author(s):  
Marcin Kremieniewski ◽  
Sławomir Błaż ◽  
Stanisław Stryczek ◽  
Rafał Wiśniowski ◽  
Andrzej Gonet
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Annular Space ◽  
Rock Formation ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Cement Sheath

Drilling boreholes in gas zones and in zones with the possibility of migration or gas exhalation requires a high index of well tightness. An important parameter determining the effectiveness of sealing the annular space is the adhesion of the cement sheath to the rock formation. Low values of adhesion of the cement sheath to the rock formation and to the casing surface result in the formation of uncontrolled gas flows. The lack of adhesion also reduces the stabilization of the pipe column. To obtain the required adhesion, the annular space should be properly cleaned. Thorough removal of filter cake from the drilling fluid increases adhesion and reduces gas migration from the annular space. Therefore, in this work, the authors focus on determining the effect of cleaning the annular space on the adhesion of the cement sheath to the rock formation. The results of the research work allow for further research on the modification of spacers and cement slurries in order to obtain the required increase in adhesion. The article presents the issues related to the preparation of the borehole for cementing by appropriate cleaning of the rock formation from the residue of the mud cake. During the implementation of the works, tests of cleaning the rock surface are performed. The obtained results are correlated with the results of adhesion on the rock–cement sheath cleaned of the wash mud cake contact. When analyzing the obtained test results, a relationship is found between the cleaning of the rock surface and the adhesion of the cement sheath to it.

scholarly journals Badania procesu żelowania zaczynów cementowych przeznaczonych do uszczelniania otworów przewiercających płytkie poziomy gazonośne

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Marcin Rzepka ◽  
◽  
Miłosz Kędzierski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Annular Space ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents issues related to the sealing slurry technology concerning gelling processes (i.e., static built-up of gel strength of cement slurries). Based on research conducted around the world, it can be concluded that the rate of gelling of the cement slurry has an important role in the process of preventing possible gas exhalations from the annular space. After the cement slurry is pumped into the borehole (especially in zones with shallow gas horizons), the so-called migration (exhalation) of the formation medium (i.e. uncontrolled outflow of e.g. gas from the annular space) may occur. The most important caused of gas migration from the shallow horizons after casings cementation are the inability to maintain a certain overpressure by the column of the binding cement slurry and too long binding of the cement slurry after pumping into the borehole. The initially liquid cement slurry, when pumped out of the casing, acts as a liquid, creating a certain hydrostatic pressure on the deposit. e.g. gas. However, after some time, the period of building the static gel strength (SGS) starts until the cement sets. The SGS building process, i.e. gelling of the cement slurry, reduces the ability to transmit hydrostatic pressure to the reservoir. The Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute has tested a number of cement slurry formulations characterized by different gelling and bonding times. Slurries were made on the basis of three typed of latex with the symbols L1, L2, L3, two types of water glass with symbols S1, S2, amorphous silica with the symbol CB, nano-components based on n-SiO2 and n-Al2O3 with the symbols NS and NA as well as high-molecular weight polymer with the symbol GS. Different amounts of setting accelerator were used with the tested slurries. Tests were carried out for eighteen cement recipes, which made it possible to select the optimal compositions of slurries with short gelling and setting times. The samples containing one of the types of latex in the appropriate concentration, the GS polymer, as well as those containing n-SiO2 and n-Al2O3, showed a very advantageous course of the gelation plot (static build-up of gel strength). Their TT transition times, reflecting the course of gelation, ranged from several to several tens of minutes (which is a proof of high ability to prevent gas migration from shallow gas accumulations). The cement slurries developed at the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute, due to their good technological parameters, could be used in the process of cementing casing strings.

scholarly journals Hybrid Washer Fluid for Primary Cementing

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Marcin Kremieniewski
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Cake Removal

This article presents the results on the basis of which a new hybrid drilling washer fluid was designed. The use of fluid from such a drilling washer increases the mud-cake removal efficiency. Its operation is based on both chemical and mechanical removal of the mud cake. This article presents a group of agents and admixtures of various solid fractions, the appropriate selection of which enabled the design of a hybrid drilling washer fluid. The liquid has much better washing parameters than the drilling washers used so far. The tests were carried out in a drilling fluid flow simulator. A significant improvement in the scrubbing mud-cake removal efficiency resulted from the action of surfactants and fine-grained abrasive additives. Their proper concentration was also very important. The hybrid drilling washer fluid was designed on the basis of tests measuring the adhesion of the hardened cement slurry to the rock from which the previously produced mud was removed. In this way, the effectiveness of the washing liquids was determined. Upon analyzing the obtained results and correlating them with the reference samples, one can see a significant improvement in the efficiency of the removal of the drilling sediment by the hybrid drilling washer fluid. The hybrid drilling washer fluid is an innovative solution because it combines chemical and mechanical action in the removal of drilling fluid. Additionally, such a washing liquid has not been used so far.

Solidifying Mud Cake to Improve Cementing Quality of Shale Gas Well: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Ju Huang ◽  
Su Zhang ◽  
Xinzhong Hu ◽  
Hangxiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Gas Bearing

The purpose of this study is to improve the cementing quality of shale gas well by mud cake solidification, as well as to provide the better annular isolation for its hydraulic fracturing development. Based on the self-established experimental method and API RP 10, the effects of mud cake solidifiers on the shear strength at cement-interlayer interface (SSCFI) were evaluated. After curing for 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, SSCFI was remarkably improved by 629.03%, 222.37%, 241.43% and 273.33%, respectively, compared with the original technology. Moreover, the compatibility among the mud cake solidifier, cement slurry, drilling fluid and prepad fluid meets the safety requirements for cementing operation. An application example in a shale gas well (Yuanye HF-1) was also presented. The high quality ratio of cementing quality is 93.49% of the whole well section, while the unqualified ratio of adjacent well (Yuanba 9) is 84.46%. Moreover, the cementing quality of six gas-bearing reservoirs is high. This paper also discussed the mechanism of mud cake solidification. The reactions among H3AlO42- and H3SiO4- from alkali-dissolved reaction, Na+ and H3SiO4- in the mud cake solidifiers, and Ca2+ and OH- from cement slurry form the natrolite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with different silicate-calcium ratio. Based on these, SSCFI and cementing quality were improved.

Experimental Study of Gas Migration Prevention Through Cement Slurry Using Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Sonny Irawan ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Shuaib Ahmed Kalwar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Cement Slurry

Mechanisms of Mud Cake Removal During Flowback

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkeffeli M. Zain ◽  
Ajay Suri ◽  
Mukul M. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mud Cake ◽  
Cake Removal

Enhanced Cement Composition for Preventing Annular Gas Migration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kwatia ◽  
Mustafa Al Ramadan ◽  
Saeed Salehi ◽  
Catalin Teodoriu
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Well Integrity ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Well Cement ◽  
Gas Tight

Abstract Cementing operations in deepwater exhibit many challenges worldwide due to shallow flows. Cement sheath integrity and durability play key roles in the oil and gas industry, particularly during drilling and completion stages. Cement sealability serves in maintaining the well integrity by preventing fluid migration to surface and adjacent formations. Failure of cement to seal the annulus can lead to serious dilemmas that may result in loss of well integrity. Gas migration through cemented annulus has been a major issue in the oil and gas industry for decades. Anti-gas migration additives are usually mixed with the cement slurry to combat and prevent gas migration. In fact, these additives enhance and improve the cement sealability, bonding, and serve in preventing microannuli evolution. Cement sealability can be assessed and evaluated by their ability to seal and prevent any leakage through and around the cemented annulus. Few laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate the sealability of oil well cement. In this study, a setup was built to simulate the gas migration through and around the cement. A series of experiments were conducted on these setups to examine the cement sealability of neat Class H cement and also to evaluate the effect of anti-gas migration additives on the cement sealability. Different additives were used in this setup such as microsilica, fly ash, nanomaterials and latex. Experiments conducted in this work revealed that the cement (without anti-gas migration additive) lack the ability to seal the annulus. Cement slurries prepared with latex improved the cement sealability and mitigated gas migration for a longer time compared to the other slurries. The cement slurry formulated with a commercial additive completely prevented gas migration and proved to be a gas tight. Also, it was found that slurries with short gas transit times have a decent potential to mitigate gas migration, and this depends on the additives used to prepare the cement slurry.

Preventing gas migration after hydraulic fracturing using mud cake solidification method in HTHP tight gas well

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Hangxian Gao ◽  
Pin Gan ◽  
Penghui Zeng ◽  
Jiahe Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Mud Cake

Gas Migration Prevention Using Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as a Multifunctional Additive in Oil Well Cement Slurry

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Sonny Irawan ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Nisar Khan ◽  
Shuaib Memon
Keyword(s):  
Oil Well ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Multifunctional Additive ◽  
Oil Well Cement ◽  
Well Cement

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Slag MTC Improving the Cementing Quality of the Second Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Jie Liu ◽  
Yu Huan Bu ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Chemical Shrinkage ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Shrinkage Ratio ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Slurry System

In view of the complicated issue that how to improve the cementing quality of the second interface in cementing engineering, experimental and theoretical research on slag MTC slurry improving the quality of the second interface was carried out in the paper. Experimental study shows that slag MTC and mud cake can achieve overall cementing; the volume shrinkage ratio of slag MTC is far less than the cement slurry system; and the strength of slag MTC cannot be affected by the presence of mud cake and is greater than low-density cement slurry. Theoretical analysis shows that the alkali activator and Ca(OH)2 produced by hydration can react with SiO2 which exists in mud cake and dead mud to get C-S-H gel with a low ratio of calcium to silicon, and improving the quality of the second interface. The study on the chemical shrinkage ratio of the products of slag MTC hydration was made by using the method of chemical analysis, and low-shrinkage mechanism of MTC was revealed. The results show that mud cake solidification, dead mud solidification and low-shrinkage ratio are fundamental to improve the cementing quality of slag MTC and formation.

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